Caphushwa nguRay Bradbury.
Kwizithuba zangaphambili bekuncitshisiwe ukuba kunzima kangakanani (okanye kukhetho) kukwenza uluhlu oluqulathe "ezona ncwadi zoyikekayo" kwiphepha elinye. Isizathu silula: ubude obufutshane boonobumba abonelanga ukuchaza bonke ababhali ababalaseleyo bale subgenre. Luhlobo lweentsomi ezibaliswayo ezisungulwe yi-Bhritane uMary Shelley nge UFrankenstein okanye iPrometheus yanamhlanje (1818).
Emva koko kupholile U-Edgar Allan Poe wazisa iindlela ezintsha zokoyikisa abafundi kunye nababhali abanjengo-Bram Stoker okanye i-HP Lovecraft sublimated "ilifa." Sele kwisiqingatha sesibini senkulungwane yama-XNUMX, kwavela u-Anne Rice noStephen King. Ukongeza, kwakule nkulungwane inye, kufanelekile ukuba sikhankanye uShirley Jackson, uRay Bradbury, uJohn Fowles, kunye noWilliam P. Blatty, phakathi kwabanye. Nalu uluhlu lwemisebenzi ekhuthazwayo kakhulu kuhlobo loyikekayo.
Umnxeba kaCthulhu (Ngo-1928), ngu-HP Lovecraft
Isiza kunye nesishwankathelo
Esi sihloko simele ukubonakala kokuqala komntu oyintsomi obizwa ngokuba "ngumjikelo woncwadi we-Cthulhu Mythos". Libali elilungiselelwe ngohlobo lwe inoveli kwaye yakhiwe ngokubaliswa ngamacandelo amabini nguLovecraft. Icandelo lokuqala liqala ngokusweleka kukaNjingalwazi owaziwayo kwiYunivesithi yaseBrown eProvidence kwaye inxulumene nokuhlaselwa kwehlelo elithembekileyo eCthulhu.
Eli nani lityholwa ngokuba ngumntu ovela ngaphandle olele kamnandi ukusukela phambi kokuvela kwe Homo sapiens ngaphakathi eR'lyeh (isixeko esingaphantsi kwamanzi). Emva koko, kwicandelo lesibini, kutyhilwa ilog yomphathi owafumana i-metropolis yokhokho phantsi komphezulu woLwandlekazi iPasifiki. Kuyabonakala ukuba, ixesha lokuvuka kukaCthulhu kunye nenzala yakhe selifikile.
Isiqalekiso seNduli yeNduli (Ngo-1959), nguShirley Jackson
Impembelelo
Kwaziwa njenge Indlu engenangxaki, Esi sihloko sibeka umzekelo ongenakukubaleka kumabali esiporho. Ke ngoko, Impumelelo yombhali waseMelika uS. Jackson ngale ncwadi idlulela ngaphaya kokuthengisa okuhle. Kwinqanaba lokumamela kuphela, Ukutshutshiswa kweNdlu yeNduli (ngesiNgesi) iphefumlele iimovie ezimbini zaseHollywood kunye nothotho lwegama elifanayo kwiscreen esincinci.
Ngokufanayo, uStephen King walatha kule noveli njengenye yezona zinto zibalulekileyo zekhulu lama-XNUMX. (Kananjalo ukukhuthazwa kweSalem's Lot Mystery). Ukongeza, USophie Ulahlekile ukalishe lo mbhalo kwikholamu yakhe Guardian (2010) njenge "ibali elichazayo malunga nezindlu ezihanjisiweyo."
Isishwankathelo kunye nabalinganiswa abaphambili
Kwindawo engachazwanga eMelika, indlu yendlu ifunyenwe Indlu yentaba, eyakhiwe nguHugh Crain ongasekhoyo. Yipropathi emdaka ejongelwa ilifa nguLuka Sanderson, Omnye wabalinganiswa abane. Kunye naye, abalinganiswa abakhankanywe apha ngezantsi bahlangana kuloo ndawo yokuhlala (ngamnye kubo enikwe ubunzulu obuphawulekayo bengqondo)
-Ugqirha John Montague, umphandi oyingcali kwiziganeko ezenzeka ngokufana noko.
-U-Eleanor Vance, intombazana eneentloni enomsindo wokuziva engenakho inkululeko, ebotshelelwe ngumama onesiphene nonzima.
-Theodora, igcisa elinobunkunkqele kunye nokungakhathali.
Ubulungisa bobumnyama (1962), nguRay Bradbury
Isiza kunye nesishwankathelo
Ekuqaleni babizwa ngesiNgesi Kukho into engendawo ngale ndlela (Into embi imele yenzeke), sisiqwenga esihle sefantasy kunye noloyiko. Abalinganiswa bayo abaphambili nguJim noWilliam, bobabini baneminyaka eli-13 ubudala, abahlala kwimeko enesiporho benobulungisa obumangalisayo eMidwest. Indawo leyo iqhutywa ngu-Mnumzana uMnyama, onesikhumba esibonisa umvambo ngabasebenzi bakhe.
Abasebenzi bobulungisa ngabantu abagqibe ukukhohliswa ngu Mnu Dark ngenxa yokunikezelwa kwefantasy engavumelekanga. Enye yezona zinto zingenakuphikiswa liphupha lobomi obungunaphakade. Ujongene nomgibe wobusuku obunje, elona thuba lokusindiswa kwabo baphambili kubonakala ngathi kukuhleka nothando. Umsebenzi omnyama nobalasele wobugcisa ophunyezwe ngu IBradbury.
Umqokeleli (1963), nguJohn Fowles
Umxholo kunye nefuthe kwinkcubeko yepop
Le ncwadi ngumbhali waseNgilani uJohn Fowles inefuthe elikhulu kwinkcubeko yama-Anglo-Saxon. Ngo-1965, ibali lakhe laziswa kwiscreen esikhulu phantsi kolwalathiso lukaW. Wyler. Ngokufanayo, Ukususela kuma-70s ukuza kuthi ga ngoku kuye kwachazwa iziqwenga ngamacandelo amaninzi omculo eYurophu naseMelika. Phakathi kwabo, iJam, iSlipknot, abakwaSmith, uDuran Duran, uSteve Wilson kunye neRave.
Nokuba "inkosi yoloyiko", uStephen King, ubiza uMqokeleli ubuncinci kwinoveli zakhe (iMysery kunye neThe Dark Tower). Sele kwiliwaka leminyaka elitsha, le ncwadi iphefumlele ezinye iziqendu kunye nabalinganiswa Ulwaphulo-mthetho kunye I-Simpsons, ziziingcelele ezimbini ezithandwayo kumabonakude kwilizwe jikelele.
Impikiswano
UFrederick Clegg, umqeshwa waseburhulumenteni kunye nomqokeleli wamabhabhathane amateur, uthe phithi nguMiranda Grey, umfundi onobugcisa obathandayo amthandayo ngasese. Ngenye imini, uphumelela ukubheja okukhulu kwebhola ekhatywayo, uyeke umsebenzi wakhe, kwaye athenge indlu yelizwe. Kodwa, uziva eyedwa endlwini kwaye ugqiba kwelokuba athimbe uMiranda ukuze amongeze kwingqokelela yakhe yezinambuzane ezintle ezingaphiliyo.
Umgxothisi (Ngo-1971), nguWilliam Peter Blatty
Umxholo
Undoqo wale noveli waphefumlelwa kukukhupha iidemon uWilliam P. Blatty weva ngaye ngelixa wayefunda kwiYunivesithi yaseGeorgetown.. Lo msitho ngewenzekile kwiindawo ezimbini zaseMelika, iMount Rainer (eMaryland) kunye neBel-Nor (Missouri) phakathi kwenyanga yoKwindla neka-Epreli 1949. Esi siganeko singaqhelekanga saxelwa ngokubanzi kwidama lendawo.
Isiqendu
Isibhengezo
Umbingeleli u-Lankester Merrin ufumana umfanekiso we-Sumerian imp Pazuzu oxhonywe ngembasa ka-Saint Christopher embindini wokumbiwa kwezinto zakudala e-Iraq. Ngokulandelanayo, Utolika ukuba imbambano phakathi kokulungileyo nokubi iyeza, umcimbi apho anamava kunye nokukhutshwa kwakhe kwi-Afrika yonke.
Phuhliso
Ingxelo iyaqinisekiswa xa intombazana ekwishumi elivisayo egama linguRegan McNeil - intombi yomdlali weqonga owaziwayo- ibonisa iimpawu ngesiquphe zesifo esingaqhelekanga. Inyaniso, eyona nto iphazamisayo kunina iba ziinguqu ezoyikekayo zomzimba kunye neziganeko ezingaphezu kwendalo ezihlupheka yile ntombazana. Ke, lo mfazi uphelelwe lithemba ugqiba kwelokuba acele uncedo kukayise Damien Karras.
Kuqala, uKarras uyathandabuza ukubandakanyeka kuba usandula ukuswelekelwa ngunina kwaye unengxaki yenkolo. Emva koko, uyavuma ukujongana nelo tyala, nangona kunjalo enamathandabuzo. Nangona kunjalo, Ubungqina bokuba needemon bunamandla kwaye uKarras ucela uncedo lukaBawo Merrin.. Siqala ngaloo ndlela ke ukukhupha iidemon okuza kubeka ukholo kunye nentando yabo bonke abakhoyo kuvavanyo.
