ICuba, isiqithi esinokufundwa kwakhona.
Nangona esona siqithi sidumileyo seCaribbean siqala ngokuthe chu ukuvula umhlaba, mininzi iminyaka apho abantu baseCuba bacinezelwe ngurhulumente wobukomanisi obabatyhaleleyo ukuba babalise amabali ajonge elwandle, ukusuka eMalecón egcwele amabali ezinkulu. Ezi ncwadi zintle zoncwadi lwaseCuba zithetha ngemithi yesundu kunye neentlekele, zentlungu kunye noncumo kodwa, ngaphezulu kwako konke, ngethemba lehlabathi elingcono.
Iincwadi ezilungileyo zoncwadi lwaseCuba
UCecilia Valdés okanye iLoma del Ángel, nguCirilo Villaverde
Ishicilelwe kwimiqulu emibini ngo-1839 nangowe-1879 eyaphinda yadityaniswa kwincwadi yokugqibela ngo-1882, umsebenzi ka-Villaverde uthathwa njenge inoveli yokuqala yaseCuba kwaye ibali isethwe eCuba ngo-1830, Ukujongana nenyani ye-mulattoes yasimahla kunye namakhoboka ezandleni zeentsapho zaseSpain. Inoveli, yalaa mntu uthandwayo wayeqhelekile ngenkulungwane ye-XNUMX, ubalisa ibali lothando phakathi kukaCreole Cecilia noLeonardo, abangaziyo ukuba ngabantakwabo kunye nabantwana bakatata omnye, usozigidi uCándido de Gamboa. Incwadana yaba ngumxholo we-zarzuela yaseCuba eguqulelwe kwiminyaka edlulileyo ebhalwe nguGonzalo Roig.
Ngaba ungathanda ukufunda UCecilia Valdés okanye iLoma del Ángel?
IGolden Age namanye amabali, kaJosé Martí
UMdali IQela leNguqulelo laseCuba kunye nelona nani limeleyo Inkululeko yaseCuba, UJosé Martí wayeyimbongi yanamhlanje kunye nombhali wenoveli imisebenzi yakhe, ngamanye amaxesha egutyungelwa zizenzo zakhe zopolitiko, yafunyanwa kwakhona njengonxibelelwano olupheleleyo lweeleta zaseSpain zenkulungwane ye-XNUMX. Ixesha leGolide ngumzekelo olungileyo, ingqokelela ye amabali amafutshane malunga nefantasy, ubuqhawe kunye nobulungisa ibhalelwe "abantwana baseMelika" kodwa yacetyiswa kakhulu kubantu bayo yonke iminyaka.
Ubukumkani beli hlabathi, ngu-Alejo Carpentier
Ngexesha leminyaka uCarpentier ayichitha eYurophu, ukuzimisela yaba yenye yeempembelelo zakhe ezinkulu. Okwangoku awamphatha xa ebuyela eCuba kunye nokuntywiliselwa kwakhe kwilizwe elinamasiko e-voodoo kunye neminyhadala eyenziwe phakathi kwesiqithi sakhe neHaiti ekufuphi eyayiza kubangela Ubukumkani beli hlabathi, yapapashwa ngo-1949. uMmeli wengcinga ye «eyona nto imangalisayo»Iqhelekile ke uHlaziyo lweHaiti, inoveli ilandela emanyathelweni ekhoboka uTi Noél, ukumelwa kweenkolelo zobugqi zaseAfrika, ngexesha lesidubedube sabantu abamnyama baseHaiti aboyiswa ngokupheleleyo yingcinezelo yaseYurophu. Enye ye eyona misebenzi ibalulekileyo kuncwadi lwaseLatin American Ngalo lonke ixesha.
Amahlosi amathathu alusizi, nguGuillermo Cabrera Infante
Yapapashwa ngo-1965, kwaye kamva ngo-1967 kuhlelo olulungisiweyo, Amahlosi amathathu alusizi, Evela kwilwimi elidumileyo labantwana baseCuba, uxela ngabahlobo bakhe abathathu abahlekisa ngemeko yabo yobuhlwempu ngobusuku bonke eHavana. Igcwele yi Colloquialisms zaseCuba ekhuthaza "ukufunda inoveli ngokuvakalayo" ngokwenqaku elicacisayo ekuqaleni komsebenzi obhalwe ngu-Infante ngokwakhe, inoveli kwavalwa eCuba nguFidel Castro Nangona yayiyenye yemisebenzi ephambili ngexesha elibizwa ngokuba yi "Latin American boom" yee-60s.
IParadiso, nguJosé Lezama Lima
Nangona yapapashwa ngo-1966, Inoveli yokuqala kaLima sele ikubonile ukukhanya ngo-1949 ngokupapashwa kwezahluko zayo zokuqala ezimbini. Isikhumbuzo sebarque esichasayo yonke imithetho yoncwadi lwemveli ukuxelela ibali lembongi uJosé Cemí ukusukela ekuzalweni kwakhe ukuya kwiminyaka yakhe yokuqala yasekholejini, ukumisela inoveli yokufunda enesakhiwo esintsonkothileyo esinomngeni kwingqondo yomfundi. Umdlalo, banconywa ukusuka kumzuzu wokuqala wokupapashwa ngu-Octavio Paz okanye uJulio Cortázar, yaba sisizathu sokwaliwa yiRevolution, xa inikwe eyayo idayi yehomoerotic.
Awukafundanga Paradiso?
Ngaphambi kokuwa kobusuku, nguReinaldo Arenas
Phambi kokuzibulala ngoDisemba 7, 1990 ngenxa yokuxilongwa nguGawulayo owagqibela ngokudla iintsuku zakhe zokugqibela eNew York, uReinaldo Arenas wayishiya le ncwadi njengelifa lakhe. Ubungqina bobomi obunzima eCuba Umbhali wesini esifana nesakhe kunye nomntu ongavumelaniyo nolawulo lukaCastro ongayekanga ukumtshutshisa de wasaba esiqithini ngo-1980. Umsebenzi othabathekisayo nopholisayo, waqhelaniswa nomdlalo bhanyabhanya ngo-2001 Javier Bardem njenge-Arenas, awayeyityunjelwe i-Oscar ye-Actor Best. Ngaphandle kwamathandabuzo, enye yezona ncwadi zibalaseleyo kuncwadi lwaseCuba.
Lee Ngaphambi kokuwa kobusuku nguReinaldo Arenas.
Ukuthula, nguKarla Suárez
Ipapashwe ngo-1999, Cwaka waba yinto enkulu umthengisi ogqibelele Ndiyabulela kwisiseko esivumele umhlaba ukuba uchonge imeko yaseCuba, ngakumbi ngamehlo wentombazana ethi, ngexesha lokutshintsha kwayo ikhule ngokuqonda, iqonde lonke ubudlelwane babantu ahlala nabo phantsi kwempembelelo yolawulo lwaseCuba.
Wonke umntu uya, nguWendy Guerra
Umnqweno wokushiya isiqithi apho urhulumente ayalela ikamva labemi bayo ibisoloko ingomnye wemixholo ethe rhoqo kuncwadi lwaseCuba, ngaphandle kokuba bambalwa abaze ukuzokujongana nalo ngokugqibeleleyo Wonke umntu ushiya uWendy Guerra. Uchazwe njengedayari, uxela umsebenzi Ubomi bukaSnow Guerra ukusuka kwiminyaka esi-8 ukuya kwengama-20 ubudala, ixesha athe wabona ubungqina bokubaleka kwenxalenye enkulu yabazana naye, bonke ngabaphuphi behlabathi elingayi kubafumana eCuba. Inoveli uphumelele uMvuzo wokuqala weNoveli Bruguera ngo-Matshi 2006 kwaye wahlengahlengiswa kwi-cinema ngu-Sergio Cabrera ngo-2014
Indoda eyayithanda izinja, nguLeonardo Padura
Inkosi ye ubunyani obungcolileyo, ULeonardo Padura mhlawumbi yenye ye Ababhali baseCuba abanempembelelo kakhulu kuncwadi lwangoku omsebenzi wakhe mkhulu ngokungathandabuzekiyo Indoda eyayithanda izinja. Ipapashwe ngo-2009, inoveli ixelela iinkumbulo zika-Iván, ugqirha wezilwanyana, malunga nokudibana kwakhe ngo-1977 kunye nendoda eyayikhatshwa ziigreyhound ezimbini kunxweme lwaseCuba phantse kwiminyaka engamashumi amathathu eyadlulayo. Kwakungalo mzuzu apho olo lwazi lutsha luveza iinkcukacha ezininzi malunga nobudlelwane phakathi kukaLeón Trotsky kunye nombulali wakhe, uRamón Mercader, de kwaba kukuhlangana kwabo eMexico. Umzobo uPadura awusebenzisayo ukwenza umbono wakhe ngeCuba kwiminyaka yakhe yamva.
Zithini, ngokoluvo lwakho, ezona ncwadi zintle zoncwadi lwaseCuba?
Kwezi zikhankanyiweyo, ndafunda iThe Golden Age, uCecilia Valdés, Tres Tristes Tigres, Indoda eyayithanda izinja naphambi kokuwa kobusuku, kwelam icala ndincoma kakhulu inoveli esandula kupapashwa ejongene nomba wokufuduka, ibizwa ngokuba YINTSHONTSHO YAKHO GIRL (umbhali uLourdes María Monert) uyathandeka, unzulu kwaye uyahamba
Ixhomekeke kakhulu. Akukho mntu uthengisa ngophethiloli eCuba ukulinganisa ukuthandwa, okanye iiparameter okanye abagxeki kulo msebenzi ungathandekiyo.
Uluhlu luqulathe kuphela ezona ncwadi zibalaseleyo, ndingatsho ukuba ngabanoveli. Nokuba uWendi, okanye uPadura noKarla abalunganga. Iinkwenkwezi zilahlekile, nangona kukho uMartí, uCabrera Infante, uLezama Lima noReinaldo Arenas. UZoe Valdés, Severo Sarduy, Heberto Padilla, Virgilio Piñera, Lidia Cabrera, Lino Novás Calvo, Daína Chaviano, Benítez Rojo, nabanye abaninzi abakhankanywanga. Abatsha abasuka ekuthinjweni abakhankanywanga, okanye abatsha abasesiqithini. Ngokuphathelele ezona ncwadi zibalaseleyo, sesinye isihloko. Enkosi
UJorge Gallardo? Ngaba uyakufuna ukukhankanya uZoe Valdés phakathi kweencwadi zakudala zaseCuba? UDania Chaviano? Fuck akukho mhlobo. Kwaye ngubani engqondweni yakhe efanelekileyo onokubeka uReinaldo Arenas? ... ha ha ha !!