Intsomi ebekwe kwixesha elizayo, ngokubanzi ibhekisa kwinyani ye-dystopi ethe yajonga ubugcisa kunye neeleta amashumi eminyaka, ibisoloko yenye yeendidi eziqhwatyelwa izandla ngabafundi. Ubungqina boku zezi Ezona ncwadi zintle ngekamva ezikhokelele ngaphezulu kwesinye ukuba zibuze ukuba uMhlaba, njengoko sisazi namhlanje, ukwindlela efanelekileyo.
Umatshini weXesha, nguHG Wells
Kwiminyaka emininzi ngaphambili U-Orson Welles uhlwayela uvalo eMelika ngokusasaza irekhodi elumkisa ngokufika kwabaphambukeli kwinoveli ka-HG Wells Imfazwe yeHlabathi, omnye wababhali ababonayo kwisizukulwana sakhe wasungula Ixesha loMatshini, umsebenzi ophambili kuncwadi lwenzululwazi. Ipapashwe ngo-1895, umsebenzi wakhonza ukwenza imali igama elithi «ixesha Machine»Ngalo umlinganiswa ophambili, isazinzulu senkulungwane ye-802.701, sahamba saya kunyaka wama-XNUMX ukufumanisa ubukho bezidalwa ekuthiwa ngu-Eloi ngaphandle kwenkcubeko okanye ubukrelekrele. Iklasikhi.
Ihlabathi elitsha elinenkalipho, ngu-Aldous Huxley
Owu yintoni ummangaliso!
Zingaphi izidalwa ezintle ezilapha!
Bumnandi kanjani ubuntu! Owu wonwabile
apho kuhlala abantu abanje.
La magama akhankanywe ngumlinganiswa kaMiranda kumdlalo Uqhwithela, nguWilliam Shakespeare, ingayinkuthazo egqibeleleyo kuHuxley xa ebhala Umhlaba owonwabileyo, ngowona msebenzi wakhe mkhulu kunye nenye Ezona ncwadi zintle ngekamva. Ishicilelwe ngo-1932, ibali lisisa kuluntu lwabathengi exhaswa yi I-hypnopedia, okanye amandla okufunda ngamaphupha isetyenziswe ebantwini elinywe ngokomfanekiso kunye nokufana nomgca wendibano. Ihlabathi "elonwabileyo" liphumelele ngokubulela kuxinzelelo lwenkcubeko, ubumbano lwehlabathi okanye umbono "wosapho" emhlabeni njengoko sisazi namhlanje. Isityhilelo esibi (esoyikekayo).
Mna, irobhothi, ngu-Isaac Asimov
- Umthetho wokuqala weerobhothi: Irobhothi ayinakho ukwenzakalisa umntu okanye, ngokungasebenzi, ivumela umntu ukuba onzakale.
- Umthetho wesibini: Irobhothi kufuneka ithobele imiyalelo enikezwe ngabantu, ngaphandle kwaleyo iphikisana nomthetho wokuqala.
- Umthetho wesithathu: Irobhothi kufuneka ikhusele ukuthembeka kwayo, ukuba oku akukuthinteli ukuthotyelwa komthetho wokuqala nowesibini.
Le mithetho mithathu yasebenza njengesiseko se Isiseko seTrilogy, iseti yeencwadi kunye namabali apho uAsimov waba khona mboni ngexesha, i-30s, xa isayensi yayiqala ukuphuma. Kuwo onke amabali afakiwe, iYo robot yeyona idumileyo kuwo onke, emele ngendlela ebalisa ngakumbi ungquzulwano olwenziwe iirobhothi ezikhulelwe njengeqabane elikhulu loluntu kwikamva hayi kude kakhulu.
Ngo-1984 nguGeorge Orwell
La IMfazwe Yehlabathi yesiBini ikhuthaze inkolelo kubantu abaninzi ukuba abantu bangalutshaba lwabo basebenzise ulawulo olungqwabalala ukonakalisa inkululeko yabantu. Yiyo ke loo nto, ngo-1949, ukumiliselwa kwencwadi ka-Orwell kwamkelwa ngabafundi abafumana iphepha elalibhengezwe ixesha elide. Misela eLondon yonyaka we-dystopian ka-1984, inoveli inikezela ngezixhobo ezaziwayo ze Ubhuti omkhulu, umlingane ophambili wamaPolisa acinga xa kufikwa kulawulo loluntu apho ukucinga okanye ukuziveza ngendlela eyahlukileyo kuleyo imiselweyo akuvumelekanga kwaphela. Kwiminyaka emva kowe-1984, uluntu alukayinikezeli le panorama, kodwa ulawulo olusetyenziswa bubuchwephesha obutsha okanye ubuzwilakhe obukhoyo buqinisekisa ukuba, mhlawumbi, asikho kude kangako.
Ngaba ungathanda ukufunda 1984NguGeorge Orwell?
Fahrenheit 451, nguRay Bradbury
Kuthathelwa ingqalelo kunye ne-1984 yangaphambili kunye neHlabathi elitsha elinenkalipho njenge "trinity" ye Iinoveli zedyopopi zexesha lethu, Fahrenheit 451 iba sisalathiso esingqalileyo kuncwadi, ubugcisa obuza kubeka ingozi eluntwini, kuba ibenza bacinge kakhulu kwaye baqale ukubuza imibuzo. Yiyo loo nto ophambili, umcimi-mlilo ogama linguGuy Montag, enikwe uxanduva lokutshisa iincwadi. Igama lenoveli, ekubhekiswa kuyo iqondo lobushushu kwisikali seFahrenheit apho iincwadi ziqala ukutshisa (elilingana ne-232,8ºC), itsala ngokuthe ngqo kwimpembelelo yenye ye-Bradbury, u-Edgar Allan Poe, ukusibalisela ibali elibi njengoko linamandla ehlengahlengiswe kwi-cinema ngo-1966 ngumbonisi uFrançois Truffaut.
Indlela, nguCormac McCarthy
Inkulungwane yama-XNUMX iye yaba lixesha elilungileyo lenoveli ye-dystopian kunye nekamva, eguqula uhlobo lube yeyona injini ilungileyo yenkcubeko xa kufikwa ekubonakaliseni. Umzekelo olungileyo ngu IndlelaEnye ye Iinoveli ezilungileyo zaseMelika kule minyaka ingamashumi amabini idlulileyo njengoko kubonisiwe yimpumelelo yokuthengisa okanye UPulitzer kunye noJames Tait Black Memorial Awards uMcCarthy ufumene Kwiinyanga ezimbalwa emva kokuba incwadi yapapashwa ngo-2006. Beka kumhlaba ozayo otshabalaliswe yintlekele engachazwanga encwadini, umdlalo ulandela ekhondweni likatata nonyana wakhe kwilizwe lothuli, isizungu kwaye, phambi kwayo yonke into, indlala , esona sizathu siphambili esikhokelela ekubeni abalinganiswa abaphambili bajongane namazimu amatsha eplanethi efayo.
Imidlalo yeNdlala, kaSuzanne Collins
Kwixesha elizayo lePanem, iCapitol ilawula izithili ezili-12 ezithwaxwa yintlupheko. Kungenxa yesi sizathu le nto inkokeli ethandekayo ekhephu unyaka nonyaka ifumana inkwenkwe evela kwilizwe ngalinye ukuba ikhuphisane kukhuphiswano lukamabonwakude olubizwa ngokuba Imidlalo yokulamba, apho imishini ibandakanya ukushenxisa bonke abachasi kude kube yimpumelelo. Isiko elinomceli mngeni emva kokufika kwe U-Katniss Everdeen, umlinganiswa ophambili kwizavenge ezithathu ezipapashwe ngo-2008, 2009 no-2010, ezikhokelela kwezidumileyo I-saga yefilimu ene-Jennifer Lawrence. Enye yeenoveli zedystopi eziphumelele kakhulu kubantu abancinci bamaxesha akutshanje kunye nomthombo wenkuthazo yeminye imisebenzi emininzi efana nale Umdibanisi okanye iMbaleki yeMaze, yapapashwa kwiminyaka eyalandelayo.
Zithini kuwe iincwadi ezizezona zibalulekileyo kwikamva?