U-Anika entre Libros, ibhlog yokuqala yoncwadi ngeSpanish, wazalwa ngo-1996.

Abafundi baseSpain bakhetha incwadi yethu elandelayo ikakhulu ngenxa ye- ilizwi lomlomo (ngaphezulu kwama-50% abafundi), ngenxa yoko okusingqongileyo okusondeleyo kuyasicebisa kwaye, ngakumbi (phantse ama-40% abafundi), sijonga izindululo zangaphandle amaphepha kunye neeblogi ezikhethekileyo kuncwadi.

Ibhlog yokuqala yokubhala ngesiSpanish yazalwa ngo-1996, xa bambalwa kuthi bevile ngeeblogi kwaye bambalwa kakhulu ngebecinga ngokuya kubo bakhethe ufundo lwethu olulandelayo. Uvulindlela omkhulu waye UAnika, waseValencian, owayeneminyaka engama-28 ngelo xesha, enomdla kuncwadi kunye nombono wetekhnoloji entsha ayenzileyo Anika Phakathi kweencwadi (ekuqaleni wayebizwa ngokuba nguAnika Libros). Namhlanje sinelungelo lokuba nayo kumaphepha ethu.

Actualidad Literatura: ¿Cómo se te ocurrió la idea de UAnika phakathi kweencwadi Ngexesha apho ibhlog yayiligama elalingazange libekho nakwigama lamaSpanish amaninzi, kwaye nangaphantsi kwabafundi?

UAnika: Ngapha koko, xa ndandiqala ukuba zazingekho iiblogi, ukuba zazingezizo iiblogi, kwaye zazizezobuqu. Ukuhamba ngesikhephe ndaqonda ukuba into endiyithandayo ayikho. Ndikhethe ukwenza iphephancwadi elinonxibelelwano kwi-html, iwebhu, okwenzekayo kukuba sele ndiqhelile ukubizwa njengebhlog kwaye andikuthandi. Into endiyibonileyo kwi-intanethi ngelo xesha ziivenkile zeefestile: kwakungekho ntsebenziswano, kungekho nxaxheba, kungekho nxibelelwano nababhali. Ndenze iimagazini ezintathu isekwe kwinto endiyithandayo "njengendwendwe", umboniso bhanya-bhanya, incwadi kunye noloyiko lwesithathu (indlu kaKruela, eyona iphumelele kunazo zonke). Ndenze into endiyithandayo: Kwimeko ka-Anika Entre Libros, yenza umxholo oza kwenza ababhali banxibelelane nabafundi, benze iindawo zokuthatha inxaxheba, ezinje ngeNdawo yokusebenzela iProjekthi, imema abantu ukuba banike izimvo zabo ngeencwadi... Le yayiyeyona inamandla kuba Emva phaya ndandisele ndenza i-2.0, kodwa ndandizenzela ngesandla ndedwa, ukukopa kunye nokuncamathisela izimvo abandithumelele zona nge-imeyile, kubandakanya iimpendulo, kunye nokulungisa iimpazamo ukuba bezikhona. Iminyaka engamashumi amabini kamva bathi benze i-2.0 kwaye bendihleka. Kwakucacile ukuba babengadibananga nam, ha ha ha. Konke oko kunxibelelana bekungekho ngelo xesha, kuya kufuneka uye kwingxoxo okanye kwiforum yokutshintshiselana ngezimvo. Ixesha elingaphezulu kuye kwafuneka ndikhethe ukuba yeyiphi kwezi webhusayithi zintathu ndizigcinayo kuba andinakwenza yonke into. Iiblogi zeza kamva kwaye ngelo xesha ndandisele ndinegama elithi "umphathi" kunye "nomama" wababhlogi, INDLELA YOKUBONISA UKUHLEKA. Nangona kunjalo, xa bethetha ngoovulindlela, basebaninzi abantu abangaziyo nokuba ndikhona.

AL: Yintoni eyenza umntu omncinci atshintshe ubomi bakhe bobusuku kunye nabahlobo kwisixeko esinjengeValencia! Ngenxa yomsebenzi owenziwayo wokumilisela enye ukuba azikho iibhloko ezininzi kwicandelo lenkcubeko?

UAnika: Impendulo ilula: Ukuqala kwam ngewebhu, ndanditshatile iminyaka eliqela, ndandisele ndinamava kuwo onke amatheko endandinawo kwaye ndinayo, kwaye emva kokuba ndiyenzile ndakhulelwa, ngaphezulu kokudibanisa ukuhamba nomsebenzi we iiwebhu, ndidibanise ukuzinikezela kumxholo wobomi bam babucala: isidlo sangokuhlwa ekhaya nabahlobo, iibhotile, iincwadi kunye nokuhambahamba nenqwelo. Ndichithe phantse isiqingatha sobomi bam kwivenkilana kuba incinci izonwabisile apho kwaye bendirhangqwe ziimagazini neencwadi. So besonwabile sobabini. Ndandihlala kwimatshi yaseValencian ngaphambili, sukucinga ukuba ndiyiphosile. Inyani yile yokuba nangona ndandinguvulindlela, ndicinga ukuba ndandingemncinci kangako. Umzimba wam uyakhohlisa. Ndisandula ukujika i-51. 

AL: Namhlanje UAnika phakathi kweencwadi ngu-Un blog ukuba bonke abapapashi banayo engqondweni, ngokwaziwa okukhulu kunye nodumo phakathi kwabafundi, ababhali nabahleli nalapho abahleli abaliqela basebenzisana. Uqinisekisiwe ukusuka kwindawo yakho kwiPlaneta Awards Gala ukuba uthumele iikopi ezicela uphononongo lweencwadi apho abapapashi babeka amathemba abo okuphumelela. Oku ayizenzekeli, sisiphumo somsebenzi onzima kunye nobungcali. Zithini iikhrayitheriya kunye nendlela yokusebenza oyilandeleyo ukufezekisa olu dumo lobuchwephesha?

UAnika: Ukunyaniseka, imfundo, ukuzibophelela kunye nomsebenzi omninzi. Kwaye ixesha endibe kwi-intanethi, ngokwendalo. Kwaye andiyenzanga i-Anika Entre Libros njengeshishini, ndiyithathe njengendawo yokufunda abafundi engenzi nzuzo, ke besisoloko sikhululekile xa kufikwa ekunikezeleni uluvo lwethu. Ngapha koko, ababhali kunye nabafundi bandicaphukisile ngokungathethi kakhulu ngencwadi yabo okanye ukuba bayifundile, kodwa abapapashi zange bandicinezele. Eyona nto ndiyifundileyo kwi-imeyile ibikukuba "umphathe kakuhle, nceda", kodwa umphathe kakuhle, kum, kukuba nembeko xa kufikwa ekunikezeleni uluvo. Ukugxekwa kakubi akulunganga kum, akunamsebenzi. Uphengululo kufuneka luxelele umfundi onokubakho oko bakudlulisileyo kumvavanyi, into abayithandayo, ukuba akunjalo ukuba ngubani, ngubani onokuyithanda, ukuba bayayibona ibhalwe kakuhle, ukuba iyayimela into, njl. Ukuxhomekeka kunye nokuchaneka ukuba kuyenzeka kuhlolo olufanayo. Izinto ezifikelela kumamkeli onokubakho. Andicingi ngomshicileli -okona kona kungumxhamli omkhulu- kuba Ndingumfundi othetha nabanye abafundi. Ndiyaqonda ukuba le yeyona nto ihloniphekileyo kwaye abafundi abandifundileyo okanye abasifundayo bayakuxabisa ukunyaniseka.

AL: Umama wabantwana abathathu, umfundi ongakhathaliyo. Uza nantoni no-Anika ku-Anika njengomntu phakathi kweencwadi? Luluphi ulwaneliseko olungaphezulu kwenani leminyaka kunye neeyure ezinikezelwe kule projekthi?

UAnika: Ufff. Ndizibuze amaxesha amaninzi, kodwa bendihlala ndinempendulo ngamaxesha athile: ngamanye amaxesha bendikhe ndavala. Akululanga ukuhlawula iindleko zento engakuletheli isibonelelo, kodwa xa bendizimisele ukuvala iwebhu endiyifumeneyo. I-imeyile evela kubantu abandixelele ukuba enkosi kwiwebhu ukudakumba kwabo kudlulile, okanye kubancede boyisa izinto... izinto ezindenze ndalila ndathatha isigqibo sokuqhubekeka ngoba bendisaxinekile kwaye ndibone ikamva limnyama kakhulu ngaphandle kwengeniso ekhaya, kodwa Bendincedisa ngokweemvakalelo ebantwini. Le miyalezo ayinakuba yinto eqhelekileyo. Babesoloko befika xa ndicinga ukuyeka. Emva kwayo yonke loo nto, ayikokufumana iincwadi. Ndihleli ndifunda kwaye xa ndingenamali ndiye kwithala leencwadi. Namhlanje kuyandinceda ukuqhubela phambili ndisazi ukuba, enkosi ngomsebenzi wam, ndinemisebenzi enxulumene noko, ngeli xesha ndihlawule.

 AL: Emva kwexesha elininzi ujonga utshintsho kwimikhwa yokufunda, ixesha elichithwe, iintlobo zoncwadi, ukuthanda, ukwilungelo lokukhetha ukuba ubudlelwane phakathi kweencwadi kunye nezizukulwana ezitsha ziya kuba njani: Ngaba likhona ikamva leencwadi? Kuza kwenzeka ntoni kwicandelo lokupapasha?

UAnika: Andiqondi ukuba izakutshintsha ngokubonakalayo kwixesha elifutshane. Imithombo yeendaba iyatshintsha, kodwa uyolo lokufunda luya kuhlala kwindawo enye: nokuba uzalwe unayo, okanye ifakwe kuwe, okanye ifunyenwe kuwe. Ekuphela kwento endiyikhumbulayo ngumgangatho, kwaye kuba sele sifikile ukuba andithandabuzi ukuba izakuqhubeka ngoluhlobo kuba njengokuba kukho abantu abaneenqobo zokugweba, kukho abo banokuncinane. Namhlanje yonke into ipapashiwe, nantoni na. Kwanele ukuba unabalandeli ukuba umvakalisi akuqaphele, kwaye sele siqalile ukwala ukufunda ezinye iincwadi kuba kungade kuphindwe nombhali sibonile indaleko kumgangatho wazo wokubhala. Bangababhali kuba kumshicileli balishishini. Ndiyabhala, ndiyenza ukusukela ndisemncinci, kwaye ndiyazi ukuba ayinguye wonke umntu oya kundithanda, oko kuyacaca, kodwa ukuba ndibhala ndibeka yonke into yam ekubhaleni, ndiyasebenza. Andifuni ukuxelelwa ukuba "uff, iminyaka emininzi kangaka ndifunda nokuba lo mfazi ubhala kakubi kangakanani." Ngoku upapasha abantu abaninzi ababhala ngokufa. Ndiyarhana ukuba le meko izakuhlala ikho ixesha elide ke kwixesha elifutshane, kude kufike omnye umkhwa, izinto ziya kuhlala zinjalo. Ngapha koko, sele kusekwe entsha engagqibeleli lowo ubiziweyo: iimvumi, abadlali beqonga nabadlali ababhala iincwadi ngoku. Kukho ngakumbi nangakumbi. Masithi umhlaba opapashayo uhlala ukhokelwa kwaye uya kuqhubeka ukhokelwa zi-booms, iifashoni, kunye nezinye eziyintlekele (ezinje ngomgangatho wokubhala ongenanto kodwa nabalandeli abaninzi kwi-instagram okanye kwezinye iinethiwekhi zentlalo) bahlala ngonaphakade, kwaye kule ingqiqo entsha Abafundi bafunda ukuba umgangatho awunandaba. Yeyona nto imbi kakhulu ekungcolisweni komhleli wangoku kunye nexesha elizayo.

AL: Kuyo yonke iminyaka engama-23 yobukho kulo mhlaba kunye nendaleko ethe i-teknoloji kunye nehlabathi leencwadi lafumana, uya kuba nezinto ezininzi Ii-anecdotes zokwabelana nabafundi.

UAnika: Abanye. Eyokuqala kukuba andikasebenzisi mfundi. Ndingumfelokazi, mandingatshintshi incwadi yescreen. Nangona kunjalo, kuye kwafuneka ndifunde okuninzi kwiscreen kuba imibhalo-ngqangi yamabhaso iza nge-pdf (ke ndiyifundile njengomfundi kodwa hayi njengejuri), kodwa kuba lowo ngumsebenzi ohlawulelwayo, andikhalazi, hahaha . Andibaqondi nabantu abafunda kwiselfowuni. Ndihamba emva kwabantwana bam ndiqhubeka ndisithi baya kuba yimfama. Ndingomnye wabo basabiza umdlalo weqonga lomfana "oomatshini abancinci", okanye ukuba awusekho, andazi, iNintendo okanye iWii. Ndiyoyika ngobuchwephesha obutsha. Andazi nangoku ukuba ndiyilayisha njani i-e-book kwi-intanethi. Ngamanye amaxesha ndiye ndicinge ukuba ndifana nala magogo angaqondiyo ukuba iinqwelomoya zihamba njani.

AL: Ngaphandle kokuba nguvulindlela kubhloga, Kuthathe ixesha elide ukuba ungene kumanethiwekhi asekuhlaleni.

UAnika: Kuyinyani. Ukufika kwam ku-facebook naku-twitter, ezinye iibhlog kunye namaphepha sele enamakhulu kunye namawaka abalandeli; Kwafuneka ndiqale phaya ukususela ekuqalei kwakhona (ndiqale ekuqaleni amatyeli aliqela ngezizathu ezahlukeneyo), kwaye nangona kubonakala kungakholeki Sele zinyanga ezimbini kuphela ndinesibindi sokuba yi-youtuber. Kuye kwafuneka ndoyise uloyiko lwam kuba ukuba ngu-youtuber onama-tacos angama-50 uthetha ngeencwadi xa uninzi lwabo bebelwenza iminyaka bebonakala ngathi ngabantwana bam… bekungekho lula, kodwa ndivuka nditye umhlaba yonke imihla. Kananjalo, ngale ndlela ndinika ukubonakala okungakumbi ezincwadini kwaye ndibonise iintlobo ezahlukeneyo kubafundi abanokubakho. Oko ndaqala, incwadi eza kum, incwadi endikubonisa yona ndikuxelele ukuba imalunga nantoni. Andizukukwazi ukuzifunda zonke ndaye ndacinga ukuba okuncinci endinokukwenza kukubonisa iindaba zohlelo ezize kum. Sele ndikwividiyo yesithandathu kwaye kubonakala ngathi ndilahlile uloyiko (Kubonakala ngathi).

AL: Ucinga ntoni ngabapapashi abaninzi abathathela ingqalelo incwadi entsha kwiinyanga ezintathu kuphela?

UAnika:  Kubuhlungu kakhulu ukuba incwadi endala ithathwa njengeyesithathu inyanga Kwaye andikuxeleli nantoni na ukuba bayipapashe kunyaka ophelileyo! Njengokuba abafundi befuna iindaba kuphela, xa, enyanisweni, abafundi abaninzi bengenakukwazi ukuthenga iincwadi ezininzi-kuncinci ukuba bazifunde. Sikwakhokelwa ngamazwi omlomo kunye nokuphononongwa, kwaye hayi "ngeendaba" rhoqo. Iincwadi kufuneka zikhathalelwe ngakumbi, zibanike ubomi obude, zibatofotofo, zibathande, ungaze uyeke ukubazisa okanye ubacebise ukuba kufanelekile. Ukuchasene kubizwa ngokuba lishishini kwaye abafundi abayithandi loo nto. Phila ixesha elide incwadi, nceda. Kulungile, abanye bahlala endleleni kuba bengaphumelelanga, kodwa konke? Ngosuku olungaphambi kwezolo ndixelele intombazana epapashiweyo evela kwiqela elipapashayo ngento ethile malunga nencwadi kwaye yaphendula yathi le ncwadi ibivela kunyaka ophelileyo, ngokungathi le ncwadi ayinalo nexabiso. Ngaba unokucinga ukuba umbhali okanye umfundi unokuziva njani ngento enje? Ndiza kuqhubeka ndifunda iincwadi ezivela kwenye iminyaka, kwaye kumanani-manani am ndiyabona ukuba zingena kakhulu kuphononongo lweencwadi ezineminyaka ubudala. Kodwa kakhulu. Thina bafundi siyakuthanda ukonwabela iincwadi, hayi ukuba ziboniswe kwaye kwiinyanga ezintathu kamva ukuzithatha. Ndicinga ukuba abapapashi bakhetha ukuba uluntu luphambukele kwi-ebook kodwa kwinto endiyifundileyo siselinye lawona mazwe afunda iincwadi ezibonakalayo kunezincwadi ze-elektroniki. Andazi ukuba iyakuba yinyani na kodwa ndiyarhana ukuba kunjalo, sisesikweni kakhulu.

AL: Ikamva liphethe ntoni UAnika phakathi kweencwadi no Anika yena?

UAnika: Ndiyathemba ukuba wonwabile. Nangona bendizama ukukhangela iiyure kwiwebhu okwethutyana ukuze ndifunde ngakumbi -kuba kukho abantu abafunda ngaphezulu kunam, kholwa ndim- kwaye nokubhala, kuba ndinikezele ixesha elininzi ku-Anika Entre Libros ebendinayo akukho nkululeko yayo nantoni na eyenye. Ndinethamsanqa lokuba nabahlobo ababini (uSelin noRoss) abandincedayo, kwaye singabahlobo abaninzi abafunda kwaye baphonononge. Ndikhe ndanamandla angaphaya kweminyaka engamashumi amabini kwaye ndicinga ukuba izakuqhubeka ngoluhlobo de kufike into elungileyo eyoneleyo ukuba iyancama. Okwangoku indizisele intsebenziswano kwimagazini iMás Allá, kwimagazini iQué Leer kunye nethuba lokukhokela iiklabhu zokufunda zolutsha, Ngaphandle kweminye imisebenzi enxulumene nokufunda, kwaye ezi zinto ndingazidibanisa newebhu.

AL: Kwaye okokugqibela, owona mbuzo usondeleyo onokubuzwa kwibhlog yoncwadi: uthanda ukufunda ntoni? Naluphi na uhlobo oluthandayo? Umbhali omnye okanye abangaphezulu?

UAnika: Ndiyaziwa ngeyam ngakumbi incasa emnyama yoncwadi. Nangona ndifundile kwaye ndifunde yonke into, ndikwindawo apho ndikhetha ukusebenzisa ixesha endilishiye ngokukodwa ndonwabise kwaye indothuse. Ukumangaliswa kwam akusekho lula, yiyo loo nto njengomfundi ndijonga ukumangaliswa. Isini sam siyi-el uloyiko, isayensi fiction, dystopias, genre noir (thriller, home noir kwaye nabani na ongenalo iyelenqe elicacileyo okanye, ngapha koko, ngubani onokwazi ukundimangalisa okanye ukundixhuma), into emnandi, kwaye, nangona ndiyishiyile kuba ihlala i-billet, bendihlala ndiyithanda inoveli yezembali xa ingathethi ngemfazwe yamakhaya yaseSpain, ukuba njengegrail kunye nephepha elingcwele zizifundo esele zindizwele ngokuzimela. Ndizifundile ngovuyo ezinye Iinoveli zolutsha kunye neekomiki, ngaphandle kokulahla iincwadi ezithandwayo kunye nezincoko kwimfihlakalo.

Ngokubhekisele kubabhali, bendihlala ndisithi andithandi ukwenza uluhlu okanye nditsho amagama amathathu kuba izakushiya uninzi ngasemva. Umntu ofunda kancinci unokuyenza, abo bethu bafunda kakhulu abanako ukunciphisa uluhlu ngokulula. Ukuba ndikuxelela ukuba ndiyamthanda uBiurrun, J. Palma okanye uCarrisi, ndishiya uSomoza, uSisí okanye uThilliez ngasemva. Kwaye loo mzekelo uyandisebenzela uluhlu olukhulu. Ukuba ndikunika amagama angamashumi amabini, ndiyakushiyeka amanye angamashumi amabini. Ngokubanzi into endiyenzayo kukuphendula ngamagama ababhali esele befile: Poe, Lovecraft, Wilde, Shirley Jackson ...

Siyathemba ukuba u-Anika uyaqhubeka nokuzisa iincwadi kubafundi kangangeminyaka emininzi, kwaye ngoba? Ukudala umdla wokufuna ukwazi ngeencwadi kubantu abancinci abaza kubona ukuba yintoni le malunga noncwadi.