UAna Lena Rivera. Udliwanondlebe nombhali wento abafileyo bathi cwaka

UAna Lena Rivera Ukuqala ukhenketho olukhulu loncwadi okoko waphumelela Ibhaso leTorrente Ballester 2017 kwinoveli Yintoni abafileyo bathi cwaka. Ngoku ngena kwi-maelstrom yesiqhelo yale micimbi ngokusungulwa kwakho kunye nenkcazo-ntetho. Kwi-AL tsinethamsanqa lokuba naye njengomhleli. Unobubele obukhulu ngokusinika olu dliwanondlebe olubanzi apho asixelela khona kancinci malunga nenoveli yakhe, iimpembelelo zakhe, inkqubo yakhe yoyilo, inkohliso kunye neeprojekthi zakhe ezilandelayo. Ke Enkosi kakhulu ngexesha lakho kwaye ndininqwenelela impumelelo..

UAna Lena Rivera

Uzalwe e Oviedo Ngo-1972, wafunda ezomthetho noLawulo lwezoShishino e-ICADE, eMadrid. Emva kweminyaka engamashumi amabini njengomphathi kwilizwe elikhulu, watshintsha ishishini ukuba libhale, ukuthanda kwakhe okukhulu, okuhambelana nokuzalwa konyana wakhe, u-Alejandro. Kunye naye wazalwa UGrace Saint Sebastian, la umphandi ophambili Kwinqaku lakhe lokuthandabuza elaqala ngale noveli yokuqala.

U dliwano

1. Phumelela ibhaso leTorrente Ballester nge Yintoni abafileyo bathi cwaka Kube ukungena kwakho ngempumelelo kwilizwe lokupapasha. Kwakunjani ukungena kukhuphiswano?

Inyani? Ngenxa yokungazi. Yintoni abafileyo bathi cwaka Yincwadi yam yokuqala, ke ukugqiba kwam ukuyibhala, andazi ukuba mandenze ntoni. Bendingazi mntu kweli candelo, ndiye ndaphanda kwi-Intanethi, ndenza uluhlu lwabapapashi elamkela imibhalo ebhaliweyo ndaye ndagqiba ekubeni ndithumele inoveli yam ngenjongo yokufumana uluvo lwabo. Kwadlula iinyanga ezimbini okanye ezintathu kwaye andizange ndifumane mpendulo, ndiye ndaqala ukuyithumela kukhuphiswano oluthile. Bambalwa, kuba kwisininzi awunakulinda isigwebo kolunye ukhuphiswano, ke iinyanga ezimbalwa zadlula kwakhona kwaye andikafumani mpendulo. Nokuba ukwamkelwa.

Ngequbuliso, kungekho kwanto ukuyibhengeza, izinto zaqala ukwenzeka: Ndingowokugqibela kumvuzo weFernando Lara kwaye oko kwabonakala kungakholeki kum. Kwakungxama, kodwa emva kweenyanga ezininzi kwakhona kwaye akukho nto yenzekileyo. Xa bendiqala ukujonga isicwangciso esitsha, kwayeIjaji yeTorrente Ballester Prize ithathe isigqibo sokuxelela umhlaba: "Heyi, funda oku, kulungile!", kwaye ndacinga ukuba ndifikelele encotsheni yamaphupha am. Kodwa kwakungekho njalo.

Ibhaso leTorrente Ballester liyamkelwa kwaye liphethe ibhaso lemali, kodwa lilibhaso elizimeleyo, Akukho mpapashi emva kwayo, ke ukuphumelela akuqinisekisi ukuba umpapashi uyakupapasha. Kwaye kwafika uvuthondaba: kwangalo mhla baqala ukundibiza ngokuba ngabahleli bebefundile lo mbhalo ubhaliweyo. Ixesha elibekiweyo lokufunda ngunyaka omnye okanye nangaphezulu ngenxa yenani elikhulu lemisebenzi abayifumanayo. Bendingayazi lonto! Phakathi kwabo bandibizayo yayingumshicileli wam, Maeva, ngexa kwakungaziwa ukuba iTorrent Ballester iphumelele. Ndibathumele lo mbhalo wesandla kwiinyanga ezininzi ezidlulileyo kwaye bebenditsalela umnxeba bendixelela ukuba banomdla wokundipapasha!

Ukuba mhla ndagqiba ekubeni ndenze ezinye iikopi zombhalo obhaliweyo kwaye ndizame ukuwuthumela kukhuphiswano oluthile kunye nabapapashi, bandixelele ukuba kuzakwenzeka ntoni kwaye ndiza kuba phi namhlanje, ngekhe ndikukholelwe. Okucacileyo kukuba, kweli candelo, awungekhe ungxame. Izinto zenzeka kancinci kwaye zisekwe kukunyanzelwa okuninzi.

2. Uphi umbono wokubhala Yintoni abafileyo bathi cwaka?

Yintoni abafileyo bathi cwaka Kuvela kumabali endiwavileyo ebuntwaneni bam, emilebeni yabazali bam nakwabanye abantu abadala kwaye oko kwandichaphazela ngelo xesha. Ndicinga ukuba phantse bonke abantwana, eyona nto yayindoyikisa kakhulu kukuphulukana nabazali bam, ukuba kukho into eza kwenzeka kubo, ukulahleka, ukuqweqwediswa ngumntu oxhaphazayo… ndandikhathazekile yile nto.

Xa ndisiva abantu abadala bebalisa amabali ootata abathi ngexesha lemfazwe Babethumele abantwana babo bodwa eRashiya okanye eNgilane ukuze babenobomi obungcono kunokuba babanike eSpain, nditsho nokwazi ukuba abanakuphinda bababone, ndoyikeka. Okanye xa ndisiva oonongendi nabefundisi besikolo sam bexela ukuba bamkelwe kwikhaya loonongendi okanye kwi-seminari xa babeneminyaka eli-9 okanye eli-10 ubudala kuba babengoyena mncinci kubazalwana abaninzi, besebancinane kakhulu ukuba bangasebenza kwaye abazali babo abanako ngokwaneleyo bondle.

Besendimdala bendiqonda ukuba izigqibo zabantu Banokuxatyiswa kuphela kwaye baqondwe ngokwazi iimeko abasela kuzo. Kwaye yaphefumlela inoveli.

En Yintoni abafileyo bathi cwaka bayadibana amabali amabini: ingqokelela, ngokucacileyo ubuqhetseba, yomhlala-phantsi omkhulu womyalelo omkhulu womkhosi wamaFrancoist ukuba, ukuba ebephila, ebeya kuba neminyaka eyi-112 ubudala, ngewayetshintshele kwi-intanethi yebhanki kwaye ngekhe anyangwe ngugqirha wezempilo yoluntu ngaphezulu kweminyaka engamashumi amathathu. Xa umphandi ophambili, uGracia San Sebastián, eqala ukuphanda ityala, kukho isiganeko esingalindelekanga: ummelwane kanina, utitshala odla umhlala-phantsi, owaziwa ekuhlaleni njenge-La Impugnada, uzibulala ngokuziphosa ngefestile yepatio, ngenqaku elibhalwe ngesandla elibotshelelwe kwisiketi sakhe esibhekiswe kumgcini-mnyango wesakhiwo.

Incwadana yamayelenqe, kunye neqhinga elibi kakhulu, kunye nokuthintela uburharha, Kodwa njengakuyo nayiphi na inoveli yamayelenqe kukho umzobo wentlalontle emva kwesiqwenga. Vula Yintoni abafileyo bathi cwaka Umva ongemva yi ukuvela koluntu lwaseSpain ukusuka kwixesha lasemva kwemfazwe ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, Kweso sizukulwana sizalwe kwi-40s, sinqongophele, phakathi kobuzwilakhe, ngaphandle kwenkululeko okanye ulwazi kwaye ngubani namhlanje othetha nabazukulwana babo kwi-Skype, ukubukela uthotho kwiNetflix kwaye babhalisela izifundo zekhompyuter zabo bangaphezulu kweminyaka engama-65.

Iinyani eziphandwayo kwinoveli ziziphumo izigqibo ezithathwe kwiminyaka engama-50 eyadlulayo kwaye kuyakufuneka ukuqonda iimeko zomzuzu ukuveza okwenzekayo ngoku.

3. Ngubani umlinganiswa wakho ophambili, uGracia San Sebastián, kwaye uthini ngawe ngaye?

HKutshanje ndive uRosa Montero esithi ababhali babhalela ukujongana noloyiko lwethu, ukuthanda kwethu, ukuzixelela amabali abalinganiswa abajongana noloyiko lwethu, ukuze buthathaka kwaye sizisuse kubo. Andazi ukuba iya kwenzeka into efanayo kubo bonke ababhali, kodwa kwimeko yam, ndizichaza ngokupheleleyo.

UGrace ligorha lam lobuqu, ejongene noloyiko lwam olubi. Yena nomyeni wakhe bayasokola ukoyisa intlekele eyothusayo, ukuswelekelwa ngunyana wabo oneminyaka emithathu kwingozi yasekhaya.

UGrace unobuntu bakhe obukhula kunye neenoveli, ivela ngokwayo ngaphandle kwam, nokuba ungakanani umbhali, ulawula indlela yokuvuthwa. Unamava ohlukileyo awam, abumba isimilo sakhe.

Ewe, andinakuxhathisa ukuyinika ezinye izinto endizithandayo kunye nezinto endizithandayo: umzekelo, akukho namnye kuthi obukele iindaba ixesha elide okanye ofunde iindaba. Kwakhona ezimbini sithanda ukutya okumnandi kunye newayini ebomvu.

4. Kwaye nge-avalanche yangoku yabasetyhini abaphambili, yeyiphi iGracia San Sebastián ebalaseleyo?

Yintoni ekhethekileyo ngoGrace ngokuchanekileyo kukuba ngumntu oqhelekileyo. Ulumkile kwaye ulwa, ulwa, njengabanye abafazi abaninzi. Uyinto ekhethekileyo, njengophawu oluphambili kuthotho lwamathandabuzo, ukuba akangomphenyi oqhelekileyo, kodwa yingcali yobuqhetseba bezemali.

UGrace uhlala entlokweni yam ukusukela ebusheni bam ndingazi. Njengomntwana ndandikuthanda ukufunda kwaye kwangoko ndanomdla kwinoveli yamayelenqe, ndemka eMortadelos ndaya Agatha Christie nokusuka apho ukuya kwelo xesha: ukusuka USherlock Holmes waya ePepe Carvalho, edlula ePhillip Marlowe, ePerry Mason. Ndandijonge phambili kwisahluko ngasinye soluhlu UMike Hammer Kumabonwakude.

Sele ndiziqaphele izinto ezimbini: ukuba abalinganiswa abaphambili beenoveli endibathandayo yayingamadoda, kwaye bonke babenenye into efanayo: babenobomi obonwabisayo, ngaphandle kobudlelwane boluntu okanye ubudlelwane bosapho, ababesela iwhisky ngentsimbi yeshumi kwaye balala eofisini kuba kwakungekho mntu ubalindileyo ekhaya. Ke abaphandi ababhinqileyo baqala ukuvela, kodwa balandela ipateni yabo bangaphambi kwabo abangamadoda: enkulu UPetra Delicado nguAlicia Jimenez -Barlett okanye I-Kinsey milhone NguSue Grafton.

Apho, ndingazi, ndaye ndagqiba kwelokuba ngenye imini ndibhale ngomphandi ukuba wayengumfazi kwaye wayenobuhlobo obusondeleyo bobuqu kunye nosapho. Nditsho nomkomishinala wamapolisa ohamba noGracia San Sebastián kwiimeko zabo, URafa Miralles, yindoda eqhelekileyoUnobuchule obukrelekrele kwisikhululo samapolisa, kodwa wonwabile emtshatweni, utata wamantombazana amabini, othanda ukupheka, onabahlobo abalungileyo kunye nenja edlalayo.

5. Ngabaphi ababhali obathandayo? Ngaba ukhona omnye umntu oye wakuphembelela kule noveli? Okanye mhlawumbi ufundo olukhethekileyo?

Ndiqale ukubhala ngo UAgatha Cristhie. Yonke ingqokelela ibisendlwini yam. Ndisenazo zonke, zikwimeko elusizi ukusuka kumaxesha endiwafunda ndiphinde ndiwafunda. Namhlanje ndenza okufanayo kwiincwadi zenenekazi elitsha elitsha lolwaphulo-mthetho, UDonna Leon, kunye noBrunetti wakhe eVenice.

Phakathi kwababhali baseSpain ndibhekisa kubo UJose Maria Guelbenzu, kwaye ndiyazithanda zonke iincwadi ezintsha ngo María Oruña, Reyes Calderón, Berna González Harbour, Alicia Jiménez Barlett okanye Víctor del Arbol. Olunye ushicilelo oluzenzekelayo ndilunyanisekile njengoRoberto Martínez Guzmán. Kwaye kufunyenwe izinto ezimbini ezintsha kulo nyaka: USantiago Díaz Cortés kunye no-Inés Plana. Ndijonge phambili ekufundeni iinoveli zakho zesibini.

6. ¿Yintoni abafileyo bathi cwaka Ngaba sisiqalo sesaga okanye ngaba uceba ukutshintsha irejista kwinoveli yakho elandelayo?

Yisaga Uyaqhubeka umlinganiswa ophambili kunye nabalinganiswa abamngqongileyo: umkhomishina uRafa Miralles, USarah, umhlobo wakho osokhemesti, IGeni, umfazi womkomishinala kunye UBarbara, udadewabo, ugqirha wentliziyo, ukunganyamezelani kunye nokugqibelela. Ityala elitsha kwinoveli yesibini liya kwahluka kakhulu kunelokuqala Kwaye, ukuba abafundi bafuna, ndiyathemba ukuba zininzi ezinye.

7. Ihlala njani inkqubo yakho yokudala? Ngaba unayo ingcebiso okanye isikhokelo? Ngaba uyayicebisa?

Njengengcinga zam: Isiphithiphithi. Andizange ndikhe ndive nesifo sephepha elingenanto. Ndidinga nje ixesha ndithule. Kuthe cwaka iiyure ezininzi, ngaphandle kwengxolo okanye iziphazamiso kunye nokuhamba kwebali. Andazi ukuba ndiza kubhala ntoni, okanye yintoni eza kwenzeka kwinoveli. Yinkqubo emnandi kakhulu kuba ndibhala ndinemvakalelo yomfundi ongaziyo ukuba kuya kwenzeka ntoni kwindawo elandelayo. Xa ndigqiba kuza icandelo elibalulekileyo: lungisa, lungisa, lungisa.

Ewe ndifuna ingcebiso: Ndafunda kwiSikolo saBabhali kunye ULara Moreno, endincedayo ukulungisa iinoveli zam, emva koko ndaqala inkqubo yokucebisa Uncwadi noJose María Guelbenzu, Owayesele engomnye wababhali endibathandayo nongazange ndiyeke ukufunda kuye, ndinayo iklabhu yam abathengisi, ... Umsebenzi wokubhala unesizungu kakhulu, ke ukuba nabantu abanamava ukuze bakufundise amandla akho kunye nobuthathaka bakho kunye nabafundi ukuba bakunike uluvo lwabo kwisiphumo sokugqibela kum kwaye bubutyebi. Ndibambelele kubo, sisikhokelo sam kunye nesalathiso sam.

8. Zeziphi ezinye iintlobo zoncwadi ozithandayo?

Nangona ndithanda ubuqili, ndinokufumana ikhonkco kuyo nayiphi na inoveli yayo nayiphi na uhlobo. Kude kube ngunyaka odlulileyo ngendandikuxelele ukuba inoveli yembali yayiminxa, kodwa kulo nyaka ndizifundile ezimbini ezindiphumelele: eyokuqala, I-Angle yeMist, kumlingane wam UFatima Martin. Emva kwexesha, ndaba nethamsanqa ngokwaneleyo ukuba ndibe yinxalenye yejaji ye ICarmen Martín Gaite Award okoko ndafunda umsebenzi we IPaco Tejedo Torrent Ngebhayiloji eqingqiweyo malunga noMaría de Zayas y Sotomayor, bendisazi ukuba kufuneka ndiphumelele. Ngethamsanqa, amanye amajaji avuma. Kwakhona Ndandiyijaji kwiTorrente Ballester kwaye ndiyithandile inoveli ephumeleleyo, IArgentina efunwa nguThixo, eyinoveli yokuhamba, ye ULola shultzezizodwa. Endaweni yoko, luhlobo endingaqhelekanga ukufunda ngalo.

Ndiyicinga ngokubanzi Ndiyawathanda amabali amnandi anditsala kwaye andenza ndifune ukwazi ngakumbi, nokuba loluphi uhlobo.

Nditsho ndiyivuma loo nto kukho iinoveli endizifundileyo ndiphinde ndazifunda Rhoqo rhoqo ayizizo iinoveli zobuqhinga, njenge Umntu akaphili ngecaviar yedwa, de UJohannes M. Simmel, inoveli endala kakhulu ebikunye nam ukusukela ebusheni, Akukho nto ichasene nobusuku nguDolphine de Vigan, endihlala ndifunda kwihlobo. OLUmpheki kaHimmler, de UFranzt Olivier Giesbert, ukuba ndingafunda kaliwaka kwaye iya kuhlala indothusa.

9. Amagama ambalwa kubabhali bokuqala?

Mababhale izinto abangathanda ukuzifunda, kuba ngale ndlela bayakukholelwa emsebenzini wabo kwaye baya kwazi ukuba ngaphambi kokugqiba sele benabalandeli babo bokuqala abangenamiqathango. Kananjalo ukuba bayenza, ukuba bafunde icandelo lobugcisa lokubhala kubabhali abanamava, ukuba bayalungisa, ukuba bajonge umvavanyi olungileyo Ukugqiba ukugcoba ibali lakho.

Ekugqibeleni, ungabi nazintloni ngokuthumela inoveli yakho kuzo zonke iisayithi eyamkelweyo. Ngomonde omninzi, ngaphandle kokungxama, kodwa ngaphandle kokuphoswa ngamathuba: ukuba ubonakalisa umsebenzi wakho, awunasiqinisekiso, kodwa unethuba kwaye ngekhe wazi ukuba lingaphela phi.

10. Kwaye okokugqibela, zeziphi iiprojekthi onazo xa kudlula yonke iphela yeentetho kunye notyikityo?

Thatha iintsuku ezimbalwa ukubulela bonke abantu abakhethe le noveli Kwaye embindini we-maelstrom kungenzeka ukuba yenzekile kum ukuyenza ngelo xesha Kwaye emva koko uhlale phantsi ubhale kwaye uchithe ixesha lasimahla nosapho.