Amagama amakhulu kwiintsomi zamva nje zaseLatin American

Alithandabuzeki elokuba XX yekhulu leminyaka Yenze Ubudala begolide kuncwadi lwaseLatin American. Ukusukela ekuqaleni kwenkulungwane, imisebenzi ebalisayo inyuke kwilizwekazi, ke ababhali abasakhulayo abaya kuthi kamva, ukusukela kwiminyaka yoo-40 ukuya kowe-70, babe ngamagama amakhulu kungekuphela nje ngeLatin American kodwa nakoncwadi lwamanye amazwe.

Iindlela ezibaliswayo

Ekuqaleni kwenkulungwane yama-XNUMX, inoveli yaseSpain-Amerika yakhetha phakathi izikhundla ezibini ezahlukileyo:

1. Ixesha langoku: kuwo apho amabali amafutshane eemixholo emnandi ngesandla esikhulu URubén Darío. Kule meko, amagama awaziwayo anje ngembongi yaseArgentina uLeopoldo Lugones kunye no-Uruguay Horacio Quiroga, ongomnye wababali beendaba "abaziwayo" bexesha lakhe.
2. Ubunyani kunye nendaloNgaphantsi kwegama lalo mkhwa, iindlela ezininzi zenoveli ziyabonakala:

• Kwelinye icala ngu Inoveli yohlaziyo lwaseMexico.
• Sikwanayo inoveli yemveli (Lowo wayegxeka ingcinezelo yamaNdiya ngenxa yezoqoqosho).
• Kwaye ekugqibeleni, sifumana inoveli yomhlaba, eyayichaphazela izihloko ezinje ngemfazwe exhobileyo phakathi kwempucuko kunye nebarbarism, caciquismo, njl.

Nangona kunjalo, oku inoveli isenokuba njalo Iminyaka elula ukusuka eYurophu.

Ibali eliphakathi kwee-1940 kunye nee-1960s

Es Ukususela ngo-1940 xa ingxelo yaseSpain yaseMelika ihlupheka Ukuhlaziywa kwenhlanhlaImixholo yasezidolophini iyandiswa, izinto ezintsha ezivela kumabali aseYurophu naseMntla Melika ziyabandakanywa, kunye nokungahambelani kwentshukumo evelayo yomzuzu weli xesha.

Amanye amagama amakhulu kwiintsomi zamva nje zaseLatin American

Kungelo xesha ngeli xesha ababhali ababalaseleyo abaziwa kubo bonke:

• UJorge Luis Borges: Umsebenzi wakhe wenza into engenakuphikiswa kuyo yonke ingxelo elandelayo. Hlanganisa ifilosofi kunye ne-metaphysical kunye ne-fantastic, i-mundane kunye ne-ironic. Inoveli yakhe imi kanye phakathi kwe-avant-garde kunye neefom ezintsha zenoveli. Lo mbhali ugqame ngaphezu kwawo onke amabali akhe, epapashwe ngo «Iintsomi» (1944) "I-Aleph" (1949) kunye "Incwadi yesanti" (1975).

• UJuan Carlos Onetti: Lo mbhali waseUruguay owasweleka ngo-1994 wabhala amabali kunye neenoveli ezinombono onzima wokungazithembi. Imisebenzi yakhe iyabonakala "Indawo yokugcina iinqanawa" y «Isidumbu seBhodi».

• U-Ernesto Sabato: Kwimisebenzi yakhe, uSábato wathetha ngolwaphulo-mthetho, ukufa, isizungu, ububi bomntu kunye namabali othando olubi nolubi. Umsebenzi wakhe ugqamile "Itonela" yapapashwa ngo-1948.

• UMiguel Angel Asturias: Eyona noveli yakhe ibalulekileyo yile "Mnu. Mongameli" Kunye nombhali UJose Maria Arguedas, imele ngokugqibeleleyo into eyayisaziwa njenge Ibali lezentlalo.

• UAlejo CarpentierUmbhali waseRoma waseRoma "Ubudala bokukhanyiselwa", ngowokuqala ukukhuthaza ingxelo ye ubunyani bomlingo. Ukususela ngelo xesha, abanye ababhali baphuma kunye nolu hlobo lwengxelo, njengabanye abalandelayo.

• UJulio CortazarUyaziwa ngabo bonke, umbhali waseArgentina, umbhali wenoveli "IHopscotch" ibonakaliswa ngokugqibeleleyo uvavanyo olusemthethweni kunye nohlalutyo lomntu wanamhlanje.

• UAugusto Roa BastosUmbhali womsebenzi waseParaguay "Mna ophakamileyo", phakathi kwabanye.

• UJuan RulfoUmbhali waseMexico uba yenye yeenkosi zesitayile esitsha ngamabali akhe.

• UCarlos Fuentes: Iimbalasane kwi ulingo olubalisayo uhlala ehlalutya emsebenzini wakhe iingxaki zentlalo nezoqoqosho zelizwe lakhe, enika ingqalelo ekhethekileyo kwi Uhlaziyo lwaseMexico. Nguye umbhali weencwadi ezinje "Intloko yehydra", yapapashwa ngo-1978 no "Ukusweleka kukaArtemio Cruz" (1962) phakathi kwabanye.

• UGabriel García Márquez: Ngaphandle kwamathandabuzo umbhali aziwa kakhulu kwaye ufundwa ngokubanzi wababhali beendaba baseMelika baseMelika. Ukuthi uGabo kukuthetha Macondo, ligama "I-colonel ayinabani wokumbhalela", kukukhumbula "Iminyaka Elikhulu Yokuba Wedwa" o "Umlando Wokufa Waxelwa Kwangaphambili", phakathi kwezinye iincwadi ezinkulu awazishiya njengelifa.

• UMario Vargas LlosaIphawuleka ngokubuza kwi ubuchule bokubaliswa kwenoveli kunye ne ukuntsokotha kweenoveli zakhe.

Amanye amagama angabalulekanga kangako kunalawo abonwe ukuza kuthi ga ngoku

• UAgustín Yanez (waseMexico, 1904-1980).
• UMario Benedetti (waseUruguay, 1920-2009).
• UManuel Mújica Láinez (waseArgentina, 1910-1984).
• UJosé Lezama Lima (waseCuba, 1912-1977).
• UAdolfo Bioy Casares (waseArgentina, 1914-1999).
• UJosé Donoso (waseChile, 1925-1996).
• UGuillermo Cabrera Infante (waseCuba, 1929-2005).
• U-vlvaro Mutis (Colombian, 1923-2013).
• U-Osvaldo Soriano (waseArgentina, 1943-1997).
• UManuel Puig (waseArgentina, 1932-1990).
• UManuel Scorza (wasePeru, 1928-1977).
• UAugusto Monterroso (eGuatemalan, 1921-2003).
• UAntonio Skármeta (waseChile, ngo-1940).
• UIsabel Allende (waseChile, ngo-1942).
• ULuis Sepúlveda (waseChile, ngo-1949).
• URoberto Bolaño (waseChile, 1953-2003).
• U-Eduardo Galeano (Uruguay, 1940-2015).
• UCristina Peri Rossi (Uruguay, 1941).
• ULaura Esquivel (waseMexico, ngo-1950).
• UZoe Valdés (Cuban, 1959).