Kana vanhu vachikurukurirana, vanowanzoshandisa mazwi sechombo chekuratidza zvimwe zviitiko. Nenzira iyi, munhu anogara achimutsa pfungwa dzake, dzinoburitswa kuburikidza nekutsanangurwa kwevanhu, mhuka, zvinhu, pfungwa kana zvishuwo.
Maererano neRoyal Academy yeSpain, tsanangura "kutsanangura, kudhirowa, kuverenga chimwe chinhu, kuchimiririra nenzira inopa pfungwa izere nezvazvo”. Uyezve, RAE inonongedza kune tsananguro yechipiri: "kumiririra mumwe munhu kana chimwe chinhu kuburikidza nemutauro, zvichireva kana kutsanangura zvikamu zvaro zvakasiyana, hunhu kana mamiriro."
chii chinonzi chinyorwa chinotsanangura?
Kumiririra iyi pfungwa hazvibviri kusaita gangaidzo yekusimbisa, nekuti, chaizvo, munhu anofanirwa kutendeukira kuhunyanzvi hwekutsanangura. Mumashoko anoshanda, chinyorwa chinotsanangura ndicho chinoshandiswa kutaura chidzidzo chakati, chidzidzo kana chiro.
Naizvozvo, hazvisi zvekungonongedza (kutaura) chinhu, chipenyu kana chiitiko chinogadziriswa kuburikidza nenjere. Asi, iwe unofanirwa kureva hunhu hwechimwe chinhu nenzira (inosungirwa) yakakodzera kuzvipa, nemuromo kana nekunyora. Nechikonzero ichi, chinyorwa chinotsanangura (cherudzi rwechinangwa) chakakosha pakunyora kwesainzi.
Makirasi emavara anotsanangura
Muzvinyorwa zvese zvakanyorwa, zvakakosha zvikuru kufungidzira kuti chinangwa chemunyori, mutauri kana mutepfenyuro chine mutongo wakakosha here kana kuti kwete. Ichi chinangwa chinoenderana nenhanho uye rudzi rwekupindira iyo iyo musoro inosarudza kuisa mukutaura. Saka pasi pechirevo ichocho, chinyorwa chinogona kuva nechinangwa kana kuti chinoenderana.
Chinyorwa chinotsanangura chinangwa
Muchiitiko ichi, chimiro chechirevo chinoenderana nekutenda kunoratidzwa kubva kune (zvichida) kusarura kwemaonero. Maererano, munhu anonyora tsananguro anorondedzera mumunhu wechitatu uye anobvisa chero mutoro wekutonga kwemunhu. Naizvozvo, zvirevo zvechinyorwa zvinongogumira pakududza maitiro echidzidzo kana chinhu, sezvazviri.
Zvakare, chinangwa chinotsanangura chinyorwa inowanikwa mune chero tsanangudzo yehunyanzvi. Semuyenzaniso: maererano neWikipedia gore “hydrometeor inoumbwa nehuremu hunooneka hwakaumbwa nemakristaro echando kana madonhwe emvura asingaoneki akarembera mumhepo. Makore anoparadzira chiedza chese chinooneka uye nekudaro anoita seakachena ”…
subjective descriptive text
Zvinoitika kana munhu wacho achitaura seti yezvinotsanangudza hunhu hwechinhu uye kupindira kunobvumidzwa kupa maonero kune kana kupokana nezvimwe zvinhu. Kureva, Mumhando iyi yezvinyorwa, kuvapo kwekuongorora kwakajairika., kurudziro, kurambwa kwehunhu hwakaratidzwa. Nekuda kweizvozvo, subjective descriptive text inosiyana nerondedzero yezvinyorwa.
Semuenzaniso (kuenzaniswa netsanangudzo yehunyanzvi yeWikipedia), pfungwa ye "makore" maererano neAzorín: "makore anotipa manzwiro ekusagadzikana uye nekusingaperi. Makore - segungwa - anogara akasiyana uye anogara akafanana. Tichitarira kwavari, tinonzwa kuti kuva kwedu nezvinhu zvose zvinomhanyira pasina, nepo ivo—vanopotera—vanoramba varipo nokusingaperi”.
Hunhu hwechinyorwa chinotsanangura
Kana tsananguro ye "tsanangudzo" yakapihwa neRAE ikatariswa, zvinonzwisisika nei chinyorwa chinotsanangura chinhu chakakosha pakushamwaridzana nevanhu. Nokuda kwechikonzero ichi, inofanira kuva yakajeka uye, pasina chikonzero, kushandiswa kwayo kunogona kuunza kududzira kusinganzwisisiki kana kuvhiringidza.
Kururama
Kuita chinyorwa chinotsanangura zvakakosha kuterera kune chinhu chiri kuratidzwa pasina chikonzero chekuwedzera kunze kana zvisina kunanga hukama zvinhu. Mukuwedzera, iyi chaiyo inoisa miganhu yezvimiro izvo kuvapo kwacho kwakakodzera. Panguva imwecheteyo, kuomarara ikoko kunoratidza kuti ndezvipi zvivakwa zvisingakodzeri kunongedzera.
Naizvozvo, mafaira ehunyanzvi kana esainzi parudzi kana zvakasiyana-siyana zvakapihwa chimwe chipenyu chinomiririra muenzaniso wakanaka wekurongeka muzvinyorwa zvinotsanangura.. Semuenzaniso: "Imbwa yerudzi rweDalmatian ine makushe machena mapfupi ane mavara matema, muswe murefu uye mutete" (Bligoo.com, 2020). Muchiitiko ichi, mibvunzo ine chekuita neCroatia kwakabva imbwa dzeDalmatian inoraswa.
Clarity
Kana chimwe chinhu chikamutswa kuti chitsanangurwe, mutauro unoshandiswa. Maererano, zvakakosha zvikuru kuziva mashandisirwo emutauro uye mazwi anoenderana zvakakwana nechinhu chinotsanangurwa. Zvakare, zvinodikanwa kutsanangura iyo inoratidzwa chinhu zvisinei kuti yakaoma sei kana kuti yakapusa.
Panguva ino, chinangwa cheanotumira meseji chakakodzera pamwe nerudzi rwetsananguro (tekinoroji kana zvinyorwa). Semuenzaniso: kana iwe uchida kutsanangura kunyura kwezuva, chinhu chakakodzera kushandisa mazwi anoreva mavara, nguva nenzvimbo. Saizvozvo, kana kunyora kwakatakura mhosva, zvinokwanisika kutaura nezve ndangariro kana manzwiro anofambiswa nechiitiko.
Kubatana
Tsanangudzo yakanaka inotsanangura hunhu hwemunhu, mhuka kana chinhu chinowanikwa kuburikidza nenhevedzano yemazwi kana mitsara inobatsira kunzwisisa kwayo. Nokuda kwechikonzero ichi, zvinhu zvinosiyaniswa zvechinhu chine hudzamu chinoda kurongeka kana chirevo. Nemamwe mashoko, kusarongeka kwemafungiro kunokanganisa kuenderana kwekumiririra.
Semuenzaniso: mhuka yepfumbu ine hunde hombe, nzeve nenyanga pasina mubvunzo inzou uye saka yakakura. Haisi diki zvachose. Pane rimwe divi, mabhuku enganonyorwa dzesainzi uye nyaya dzekufungidzira dzinowanzobatanidza zvikamu zvine mafuremu asingawirirane nechinangwa chekunyudza (kana kuvhiringa) vaverengi mune isingafungirwe muchadenga.
Mamwe magwaro ekusiyanisa kubva kune anotsanangura zvinyorwa
Chinyorwa chekurondedzera
Chinyorwa cherondedzero chinoshandiswawo kutsanangura chiitiko, nguva, munhu kana chinhu, asi chinodaro “nekutaura chimwe chinhu”. Chiito chiripo pano sechinhu chakakosha nekuti chakakosha kutaura zvakaitika uye sei. Zvadaro, chinyorwa chinorondedzera inorondedzera chokwadi kana nzira iyo chimwe chinhu chinoitika kana kuitika, nepo inotsanangura ichingotaura hunhu.
Nhaurwa yekukakavara
Rudzi urwu rwechinyorwa rwakanangana nekutsanangura kushanda kwechinhu kana kutevedzana kwechiitiko kuburikidza nekuratidzwa kwechokwadi kwezvimiro kana zviitiko. Iyi nharo inoedza kupwisa muverengi nezveuchokwadi hwepfungwa yakataurwa.. Nekusiyana, chinyorwa chinotsanangura chinogumira pakuratidza maitiro echinhu pasina kuedza kunyengerera mugamuchiri.