Yukio mishima
Yukio Mishima aive munyori wenhau, mudetembi, uye munyori wenyaya, akaonekwa semumwe wevanonyanya kukosha vanyori vechiJapan vezana ramakumi maviri Mabasa ake anosanganisa tsika dzechiJapane neazvino, nekudaro achiwana kuzivikanwa kwemunyika dzese. Muna 1968 akasarudzwa kuNobel Prize muMabhuku, pachiitiko icho uyo akahwina mubairo uyu aive murairidzi wake: Yasunari Kawabata.
Munyori yaizivikanwa nekurangwa kwayo, pamwe nekusiyana-siyana kwemadingindira ayo (zvepabonde, kufa, zvematongerwo enyika ...). Muna 1988, imba yekutsikisa yeShinchōsha - iyo yakaburitsa chikamu chakakura chemabhuku ake - yakagadzira iyo Mishima Yukio Prize mukuremekedza munyori. Mubairo uyu wakapihwa 27 makore akateedzana, yekupedzisira edition iri muna 2014.
Biography
Yukio Mishima akaberekwa muna Ndira 14, 1925 muTokyo. Vabereki vake vaive Shizue naAzusa Hiraoka, avo vakamubhabhatidza aine zita: Kimitake Hiraoka. Akarerwa naambuya vake Natsu, vakamutora kubva kuvabereki vake achiri mudiki.. Akanga ari mukadzi anodzvinyirira uye aida kumurera pasi pehunhu hwemagariro.
Kutanga kudzidza
Nemafungiro ambuya vake, akapinda chikoro cheGakushüin, nzvimbo yenzanga yepamusoro uye vanokudzwa veJapan. Natsu akashuvira kuti muzukuru wake ave nehukama hwakanaka nevakuru venyika. Ikoko akakwanisa kuve wedare revanyori vevanyori vechikoro. Izvi zvakamubvumidza kunyora uye kutsikisa yake yekutanga nyaya: Hanazakari noMori (1968), yemagazini inozivikanwa Bungei-Bunka.
Hondo Yenyika Yechipiri
Nekuda kwekukakavadzana kwehondo kwakaburitsa Hondo Yenyika II, Mishima akashevedzwa kuti apinde muJapan Navy. Kunyangwe aine chimiro chisina kusimba, aigara akachengeta chishuwo chekurwira nyika yake. Asi kurota kwake kwakaderedzwa paakapa furuu mufananidzo mukuvhenekwa kwekurapa, chikonzero icho chiremba chakamurambidza achiona kuti aive nezviratidzo zvetibhii.
Professional Zvidzidzo
Kunyangwe Mishima aigara aine shungu yekunyora, aisakwanisa kuzvishandisa zvakasununguka panguva yehudiki hwake.. Izvi nekuti aive wemhuri yakanyatso chengetedza uye baba vake vaive vafunga kuti aifanira kudzidza degree rekuyunivhesiti. Neichi chikonzero, akapinda muYunivhesiti yeTokyo, kwaakapedza kudzidza muMutemo muna 1957.
Mishima akaita basa rake kwegore rimwe senhengo yeJapan Ministry of Finance. Mushure menguva iyoyo, akazopedzisira aneta zvakanyanya, saka baba vake vakafunga kuti havafanirwe kuramba vachishanda munzvimbo iyoyo. Gare gare, Yukio akazvipira zvachose kunyora.
Zvinyorwa zvemitambo
Nhoroondo yake yekutanga yaive Tozoku (Mbavha, 1948), iyo yaakazozivikanwa nayo mumabhuku ekunyora. Vatsoropodzi vakamutora se "kutora chikamu muchizvarwa chechipiri chevanyori vepashure pehondo (1948-1949)". Gore rakatevera, akaenderera mberi nekuburitswa kwebhuku rake rechipiri: Kamen no kokuhaku (Kureurura kwemask, 1949), basa raakawana kubudirira kukuru.
Kubva ipapo munyori akatanga nezvekugadzira mamwe makumi matatu nemasere enoveli, gumi nematanhatu mitambo, 38 zvinyorwa uye libretto. Pakati pemabhuku ake akatanhamara atinogona kutumidza:
- Runyerekupe rwekufambisa (1954)
- Iyo Goridhe Pavilion (1956)
- Mufambisi wechikepe akarasikirwa nenyasha dzegungwa (1963)
- Zuva nesimbi (1967). Rondedzero yehupenyu
- Tetralogy: Gungwa rekubereka
Tsika yekufa
Mishima yakavambwa mu1968 "Tatenokai" (nharaunda inodzivirira), rakazvimirira boka remauto rinoumbwa nenhamba huru yevechidiki vadiki. Musi waNovember 25, 1972, akapinda muEastern Command yeTokyo Kuzvidzivirira Kwemauto, pamwe nemauto matatu. Ikoko vakakunda mutungamiriri uye Mishima pachake akaenda kuvheranda kunopa hurukuro achitsvaga vateveri.
Chinangwa chikuru chaive chekupa coup d'etat uye kuti mambo vakadzokera musimba. Zvisinei, iri boka diki harina kuwana rutsigiro rwemauto aivepo panzvimbo iyi. Achikundikana kuita basa rake, Mishima akabva afunga kuita tsika yekuJapan yekuzviuraya inozivikanwa seppuku kana harakiri; uye ndokugumisa hupenyu hwake.
Mabhuku akanakisa nemunyori
Kureurura kwemask (1949)
Iyo ndiyo yechipiri nhoroondo yemunyori, inofungidzirwa neiyo imwechete Mishima senge autobiographical. Mapeji aro 279 akarondedzerwa mumunhu wekutanga naKoo-chan (mupfupi kuna Kimitake). Iyo zano rakagadzwa muJapan uye rinopa hucheche, hudiki uye kukura kwekutanga kweiye protagonist. Uye zvakare, misoro senge ungochani uye maficha enhema enharaunda yeJapan yenguva iyoyo.
Zvinyorwa
koo-chan Akasimudzwa panguva yehumambo hweJapan. Iye Iye mutete, akacheneruka, anotaridzika kunge jaya. Kwenguva yakareba aifanira kubata nezvisingaverengeki zvivakwa kuti agadzirise kune makuru maitiro ehukama. Aigara mumhuri inotungamirwa naambuya vake, avo vakamurera vari vega uye vakamupa dzidzo yakanaka kwazvo.
En Mukuyaruka kwake, Koo-chan anotanga kucherechedza kukwezva kwake kune vanhu bonde rimwe chete. Sezvo izvi zvinoitika, anokudziridza fungidziro zhinji dzebonde dzakabatana zvinoenderana neropa nerufu. Koo-chan anoedza kutanga hukama neshamwari yake Sonoko - kuramba achioneka - asi izvi hazvishande. Iyi ndiyo nguva yakaoma kumufambira, sezvo achifanira kutsvaga nekumisikidza hunhu hwake.
Iyo Goridhe Pavilion (1956)
Iyo inoverengeka yakaiswa mumakore ekupedzisira eHondo Yenyika Yechipiri. Iyo nyaya inotsanangura chiitiko chechokwadi chakaitika muna 1950, apo iyo Golden Kinkaku-ji Pavilion yakaiswa mumoto muKyoto. Chimiro chayo chikuru ndiMizoguchi, uyo anorondedzera nyaya mumunhu wekutanga.
Jaya rinoyemura runako rweiyo inonzi Golden Pavilion uye yaishuvira kuve chikamu cheZen monastery yeRokuojuji. Bhuku rakagamuchira Mubairo weYomiuri muna 1956, pamusoro pezvo, yakagadziridzwa kanoverengeka kubhaisikopo, pamwe nemitambo, mimhanzi, kutamba kwazvino uye opera.
Zvinyorwa
Iyo zano rakavakirwa pahupenyu hweMizoguchi, Who jaya rinozvitutumadza pamusoro pekukakama kwake uye kutarisika kusingafadzi. Akaneta nekugara achisekwa, akafunga kusiya chikoro kuti atevere mumakwara ababa vake, aive moniki wechiBhudha. Kune izvi, baba vake, avo vari kurwara, vanoisa dzidziso yake kuna Tayama Dosen, pamberi peimba yemamongi neshamwari.
mizoguchi Akaenda kuburikidza nezviitiko zvakaratidza hupenyu hwake: kusavimbika kwaamai vake, kufa kwababa vake uye kurambwa kwerudo rwake (Uiko). Akurudzirwa nemamiriro ake ezvinhu, jaya iri rinopinda mumonasta yeRokuojuji. Aripo, anotanga kufunga nezvekubhomba, izvo zvinogona kuparadza iyo Golden Pavilion, chokwadi chisingamboitike. Zvichiri kuvhiringidzika, Mizoguchi ichaita chiitiko chisingatarisirwe.
Kuora kwengirozi (1971)
Iri ibhuku rekupedzisira re tetralogy Gungwa rekubereka, akateedzana umo Mishima anoratidzira kuramba kwake shanduko nekutumira kwenzanga dzeJapan. Iyo zano yakagadzirirwa mumakore makumi manomwe uye inotevera nyaya ye hunhu hwayo, mutongi: Shigekuni Honda. Izvo zvinofanirwa kucherechedzwa kuti munyori akaendesa iri basa kune mupepeti wake zuva rimwe chete raakafunga kupedza hupenyu hwake.
Zvinyorwa
Iyo nyaya inotanga kana Honda achisangana naTōru Yasunaga, nherera ine makore gumi nematanhatu. Mushure mekufirwa nemukadzi wake, mutongi anoshamwaridzana naKeiko, uyo waanotaura nezvake chishuwo chekutora Toru. Iye anofunga ndiko kuberekwazve kwechitatu kweshamwari yake kubva paudiki Kiyoaki Matsugae. Pakupedzisira anonyorera rutsigiro rwake uye anomupa iyo dzidzo yakanakisa inogoneka.
Mushure mekusvitsa makore gumi nemasere, Tōru ave munhu anonetsa uye anomukira.. Maitiro ake anomutungamira kuti aratidze ruvengo kumudzidzisi wake, achitokwanisa kuita kuti Honda arapwe.
Mwedzi yakati gare gare, Keiko anosarudza kuzivisa kune wechidiki chikonzero chechokwadi chekutorwa kwake, zvichimunyevera kuti kuzvarwa kwake kwekutanga akafa aine makore gumi nemapfumbamwe. Kwapera gore, mutana Honda anoshanyira tembere yeGesshū, kwaachagashira zaruriro inotyisa.
