Arthur Conan Doyle akatorwa.
Kana mushandisi weInternet achikumbira "Sherlock Holmes mabhuku" paGoogle, nyaya dze (pamwe) mupurisa anozivikanwa kwazvo muongorori wenguva dzese anoonekwa pachiratidziri. Iye - pamwe naEdgar Allan Poe's Dupin naAgatha Christie's Poirot - mumwe weavo "vakatanga" vatambi vemhando yemutikitivha. Uyezve, kukosha kwezita rake kunoenda kure kupfuura ndima yekunyora.
Zvechokwadi, Ichi chiratidzo chetsika dzakakurumbira chakagadzirwa naiye anoyemurika Sir Arthur Conan Doyle chirevo chisingadzivisike muhunyanzvi hwekuteerera. Hazvishamisi kuti yakafuridzira anodarika makumi matatu mazita pakati pezvikamu zvemafirimu neterevhizheni. Muchikamu chino, kutamba kwevatambi vane mukurumbira pasi rose (R. Downey Jr. kana Jeremy Brett, semuenzaniso) kwakaita kuti Holmes ave munhu wepasirese.
Nezve munyori, Sir Arthur Conan Doyle
Kuberekwa, mhuri uye zvidzidzo zvekutanga
Mwanakomana wevanyori Charles A. Doyle naMary Foley, Arthur Ignatius Conan Doyle Akazvarwa muElinburgh, Scotland, musi waMay 22, 1859. Akakurira pasi pekuchengetwa kwemhuri yakapfuma, inochengetedza-inofunga mhuri yeKaturike. Saizvozvo, mudiki Arthur akanyoreswa muzvikoro zvevaJesuit muEngland (chepuraimari uye chikamu chesekondari) neAustria (chikoro chesekondari).
Dzidzo yepamusoro
Muna 1876, Doyle akatanga zvidzidzo zvake zvekurapa paYunivhesiti yeElinburgh. Ikoko akamira nekuda kwezvakakodzera uye mumitambo yakasiyana (tsiva, rugby, cricket gorofu)… Nenzira imwecheteyo, muimba iyoyo yezvidzidzo akazove mudzidzi wechiremba ane mukurumbira Joseph Bell, uyo akafadza wechidiki Arthur nekurongeka kwemaitiro ake ekubvisa.
Kutanga nyaya
Bell aive nesimba rakakosha mukuvakwa kwechimiro chakapa Doyle mukurumbira wezvekunyora: Sherlock Holmes. Zvakaenzana, Chakavanzika cheSasassa Valley (1879) -pfupi nyaya yakaburitswa mu Chambers Edinburgh Journal— akaita kutanga kwake. Gore rakatevera akapedza kudzidza kwake sachiremba anovhiya mukati me whaler The Hope, MuArctic.
Gare gare, akatanga SS SS Mayumba, ngarava maakafamba nzvimbo huru yemahombekombe eWest Africa. Idzi nzendo dzakakurudzira nyaya dzakadai se Chirevo chaJabakuk Jephson (1884) uye Kaputeni wePole-Nyeredzi (1890). Muna 1889 akagamuchira dhigirii rake redhokotera nekuda kwethesisi yake Dorsal tebhu.
Shanduko kune tsamba
Muna 1882, Doyle akaedza kuita raramo nekurapa muhofisi yewaaidzidza naye kukoreji, George T. Budd. Asi, semahofisi ake akatevera muPortsmouth neLondon, chirongwa ichi hachina kubudirira. Naizvozvo, akatanga kugadzira zvinyorwa kakawanda, kusanganisira, Chakavanzika cheCloomber (1888) y Dzidza muScarlet (1887), wekutanga nyeredzi Holmes.
Zvakare, Conan Doyle aive nenguva yekuzvipira kutamba gorufu, nhabvu (aive Portsmouth AFC muchengeti) uye kiriketi (aive chikamu cheyekuremekedzwa Marylebone CC). Pane rimwe divi, Akange akaroora kubva muna 1885 kuna Louise Hawkins, waaive naye nevana vaviri, kusvika pakufa kwake muna 1906 (tibhii). Gare gare, munyori aive nevamwe vana vatatu mumuchato wake wechipiri naJean E. Leckie.
Hukama hwaDoyle-kuvenga hukama naSherlock Holmes
Muna 1891 Arthur Conan Doyle akataura mutsamba kuna amai vake , que hunhu hwe Holmes "aipedza pfungwa dzake". Zvakadaro - kunyangwe zvinonzi kufa kwemutikitivha, kwakataurwa mukati Dambudziko rekupedzisira-, munyori weScotland akaburitsa nyaya pamusoro paHolmes kusvika 1927 (Iyo Sherlock Holmes Archive). Muchokwadi, Doyle akafira muEngland makore matatu chete mushure mekuburitswa, musi waChikunguru 7, 1930.
Chero zvazviri, Doyle akaratidzirwa zvakanyanya kuti "asavimbe" naHolmes kuti agadzire nyaya dzakanaka uye budiriro yekupepeta. Pakati payo, simuka mabhuku matanhatu anotarisana naProfessor Challenger, ake mazhinji enganonyorwa enhoroondo -Rodney ibwe (1896), semuenzaniso - uye manifesto senge Hondo huru yeBoer (1900). Wekupedzisira akawana munyori weElinburgh zita rekuti changamire.
Iyo Holmesian Canon
Nyaya makumi mashanu nenhanhatu dzakarongedzwa muzvikamu zvishanu pamwe nemanavhero mana anoumba iwo anonzi anonzi Holmesian canon akagadzirwa naSir Arthur Conan Doyle. Kana iri iyo odha yekuverenga nhoroondo inotarisana naSherlock Holmes, pane nzira mbiri dzakatsanangurwa.
Yokutanga inoreva nezvehupenyu hwomutikitivha, kusanganisira kuenderana kwakateerana kwekunyepedzera kufa kwake uyezve kuonekazve. Yechipiri nzira yekusvika paholmesian canon es zvinoenderana neyekusunungurwa nguva inoratidzwa pazasi (iwo mazita asina kuratidzwa semanovelisi anoenderana nekuunganidzwa kwenyaya):
- Dzidza muScarlet (1887). Novel.
- Chiratidzo chemana (1890). Novel.
- Iyo Adventures yaSherlock Holmes (1892)
- Ndangariro dzaSherlock Holmes (1903)
- Hound yebasikerville (1901-1902). Novel.
- Kudzoka kwaSherlock Holmes (1903)
- Mupata wekutyisa (1914-1916). Novel.
- Uta hwake hwekupedzisira (1917)
- Iyo Sherlock Holmes Archive (1927)
Sherlock Holmes biography
Zvinoenderana nenhungamiro yezvakanyorwa naDoyle, Sherlock Holmes akaberekwa muna 1854. Iye aive mwanakomana wemuridzi weChirungu muridzi uye mukadzi akaburuka kubva kuGallic maartist. Aive zvakare aine hama mbiri: Sherrinford (zvisingataurwe mune yakazara Holmesian canon) neMycroft.
Akagamuchira dzidzo yepamusoro muzvidzidzo zvemakemikari, mushonga, mutemo uye mumhanzi kune imwe yunivhesiti yepamusoro yeUK (Doyle haanyatsonongedzera kuti ndeipi). Ndizvozvo chaizvo padanho semudzidzi wepayunivhesiti apo Holmes akatanga basa rake rehutikitivha, pamwe nemitambo yemitambo.
Unhu hunhu
Mushure mekugara kwake kuyunivhesiti, Holmes akatamira padhuze neBritish Museum kuti ubatsire zvidzidzo zvako zvesainzi. Panguva iyi, akasangana naDr Watson - Naiye waakagovana naye gumi nemanomwe pamakore makumi maviri nematatu ebasa rake- murabhoritari yeSaint Bartholomew Hospital muna 1881. Kana ari iye, shamwari yaSherlock vakazvitsanangura nehunhu hunotevera:
- Tabloid mabhuku fan. Kunyangwe aipota achinongedzera kune vanyori vakaita saGoethe, La Rochefoucaud kana Jean-Paul.
- Uchapupu husina ruzivo nezve Astronomy uye Philosophy, kushoma kwekuziva nezvematongerwo enyika uye zvekutanga nezve mutemo weBritish.
- Akanga ari nyanzvi yemakemikari uye airidza violin nenzira yakanaka kwazvo.
- Akaratidza kuve neruzivo rwakakura nezve botani (kunyanya pazvinhu zvine chekuita nehupfu nemishonga), kunyangwe aive asingazive zvinhu zvakaita sekurima.
- Akaratidza ruzivo rwekutanga nezve geology uye kuumbwa kwevhu.
- Nyanzvi boxer uye fencer.
Vamwe vatambi uye zvimwe zvinoda kuziva
Kusvika kumagumo ezana ramakore rechiXNUMX, Holmes akaramba musiyano we changamire (Knight weMambo), asi akagamuchira Legion of Honor nenzira yakachengetedzwa. Kana vari vakadzi, mutikitivha aigara achivashungurudza pamwe chete nematauriro echivalry, rukudzo uye kuyemura. Kunyanya kune wake waanoda Irene Adler.
Nemesis ine hunoshamisa hunyanzvi kugona
Akapusa Professor Moriarty aive Holmes's nemesis, pamwe nechikonzero chekufa kwake (kuri pachena) paReichenbach mapopoma emvura, Switzerland. Zvisinei, mutikitivha ane mukurumbira akaonekwazve makore matatu gare gare mu Kudzoka kwaSherlock Holmes (1903), kunyanya muchiitiko che Imba isina vanhu.
Kurega basa
Mushure mekurega basa kubva kubasa rake rekuferefeta, Holmes akatamira kuSussex, England, kuti azvipire kuverenga huzivi uye kuchengeta nyuchi. (Akatonyora bhuku rakadzama renyuchi.) Zvisinei, aive nenguva yekugadzirisa zvingangoita netsaona imwe nyaya yakakosha mukati Kunakidzwa kweshumba yemane (1907).
Pakupedzisira, Holmes akapinda mukuronga kweiyo yakaoma kunzwisisa counterintelligence mission mumakore anotungamira kuHondo Huru.. Mushure ma1914 hapana chinyorwa (mukati meHolmesian canon) yehupenyu hwemupurisa anozivikanwa kwazvo munhoroondo yezvinyorwa.
Kuverenga kurongeka kweiyo Holmesian canon zvinoenderana neiye mutikitivha's biography
- Iyo corvette Gloria Scott
- Tsika yeMusgrave
- Dzidza muScarlet
- Iyo polka dot bhendi
- Murwere anogara
- Anokudzwa bhachura
- Iyo yekunakidzwa yechipiri tsvina
- Reigate ma squires
- Scandal muBohemia
- Murume ane muromo wakakokonyara
- Mbeu shanu dzemaranjisi
- Mhosva yekuzivikanwa
- Chikwata cheRedheads
- Iko Kunakidzwa kwekufa Detective
- Iyo yebhuruu carbuncle
- Mupata Wekutyisa
- Chiso cheyero
- Muturikiri wechiGiriki
- Chiratidzo chemana
- Hound yebasikerville
- Iyo Mhangura Beeches Chakavanzika
- Mupata weBoscombe Chakavanzika
- Munyori weStockbroker
- Chibvumirano chengarava
- The atorwa
- Injiniya chigunwe
- Murume akavhima
- Iyo Wisteria Lodge Yekushanya
- Nyeredzi yesirivha
- Korona yebheriri
- Dambudziko rekupedzisira
- Kunakidzwa kweimba isina chinhu
- Iko Kunakidzwa kweGirazi Magirazi
- Ruzivo rwevadzidzi vatatu
- Iko kunakidzwa kweiye oga bhasikoro
- Ruzivo rwePeter "El Negro"
- Mufambo waNorwood Builder
- Iyo Bruce-Partington inoronga
- Iko Kunakidzwa kweVeiri roja
- Sussex Vampire Kutamba
- Ruzivo rweyeye aripo anorova
- Abbey Grange's Kutamba
- Dhiyabhorosi Rutsoka Rutsoka
- Iko kunakidzwa kwemaputi
- Iye akarega basa mugadziri
- Charles Augustus Milverton
- Iko Kunakidzwa kweVatanhatu vaNapoleon
- Dambudziko rebhiri raThor
- Iko kunakidzwa kwePriory chikoro
- Shoscombe Old Place Rwendo
- Iko Kunakidzwa kweTatu Garridebs
- Kunyangarika kwaLady Frances Carfax
- Iyo Inotyisa Yevatengi Yekushanya
- Ruzivo rweRed Circle
- Musoja ane ganda rakachenuruka
- Iko kunakidzwa kweTres Frontons
- Iyo Yekushanya yeMazarin Stone
- Murume aikambaira
- Kunakidzwa kweshumba yemane
- Kwaziso yekupedzisira