ngomwa

ngomwa inoita pamwe ne Ropa Muchato (1933) uye Imba yaBernarda Alba (1936) iyo inopembererwa "Lorca trilogy". Yakaburitswa muna 1934, inonzi inonzi inyanzvi yemitambo naFederico García Lorca, - pamwe- munyori anonyanya kukosha wechiSpanish wezana ramakore rechiXNUMX.

Yakavakwa mumabasa matatu emafuremu maviri imwe neimwe, inoonekwa sechidimbu chipfupi. Nekudaro, iyo staging yayo ine avhareji yenguva yemaminitsi makumi mapfumbamwe. Dingindira: njodzi yekumaruwa (yakanyanya mufashoni muLatin America muma1930). Inonyanyoshandiswa neiyo Granada-akaberekerwa mutambi wemitambo kuti azvizivise kuSpain uye yakawanda yeLatin America.

Federico García Lorca, munyori

Iye akazvarwa muna 1898 muFuente Vaqueros, Granada. Mwanakomana wemhuri yakapfuma, iyo yaimutendera kuti akure pakati pebindu pasina chisungo chekuirima kuti ararame. Amai vake vakasimudzira maari kuravira kwemabhuku - uye hunyanzvi hwakawanda - kubva pazera diki. Neichi chikonzero, zvine musoro kuti atova mukuyaruka akabata neyakagadzirwa-yakanaka yekuyera muyero. Ropa Muchato muenzaniso wakajeka wazvo.

Chizvarwa che '27

Kushungurudzwa nehukama hwetsika hwedunhu, anokwanisa kuenda kuMadrid nechinangwa chekuenderera mberi nedzidzo yekudzidzira kuVadzidzi Residence. Saiti iri kubvunzwa yaive inzvimbo yepamusoro, inowanzo shanyirwa nevanhu vane mukurumbira uye vesaenzi vakaita saAlbert Einstein naMarie Curie.

Ikoko akazova shamwari dzepedyo naSalvador Dalí naLuis Buñuel, pakati pevamwe vazhinji vanozivikanwa mukurumbira wenyika uye wepasi rese.. Nenzira iyi, yakanakira bohemian uye nenjere nharaunda dzakagadzirwa kune kuzere kukura kwemunhu sekugadzira saGarcía Lorca. Yakakomberedzwa neakasarudzika maartist; seti iyo yakadzika munhoroondo pasi pezita reiyo Generation ye27.

Hupenyu hwakakandirwa nefascism

Asi gumi regumi rechina ramakore rechimakumi maviri, kunyange hazvo rakashandira kubuda kwezvakanakisa zvebasa raLorca, inomiririra imwe yenguva dzakaomesesa muSpain. Kune iyo Spanish Civil War yakaunza kukwidziridzwa kwakatevera kusimba kwaFrancisco Franco. Kunyange zvakadaro Lorca haana kumbobatana nechinangwa chezvematongerwo enyika kana kusarura shamwari nekuda kwezvikonzero, akaonekwa sekutyisidzira.

Tatarisana nemamiriro ezvinhu aya, vamiriri veColombia neMexico vakamupa hutiziro, zvisinei, haana kuzvigamuchira. Muna Chikunguru 1936 akabatwa uye zvinofungidzirwa kuti akapfurwa mambakwedza musi waAugust 18 (zuva racho harizivikanwe chaizvo). Pakati pezvimwe zvinhu, aipomerwa ungochani.

ngomwa, nhetembo pakushumirwa kwenhamo

Kana madrama aGarcía Lorca akasimukira kune chimwe chinhu, ndechavo yekubata nhetembo. Nhaurirano, pamwe chete nemumhanzi - dzakawanda nziyo dzechiGypsy dzinoshanda seinjini yebasa iri - isa nhanho. Y, zvakafanana nezvimwe zvakasara trilogy, kutanga kwe ngomwa chidimbu (uye hunhu) chizere netariro. Asi kuunganidzwa kwekushushikana kunopedzisira kwachinja hupenyu hwake kuva hwechokwadi hwehusiku.

Uku kuburukira kwakatwasuka mumweya weanonyanya kuratidza kukura kwebasa. Pamusoro pe, nepo iwo mavara achityairwa nedambudziko rerangano, chiitiko ichi chinoongorora kunetsana kunowanzoitika munharaunda yeSpain. Pasina kuve inoratidzira manifesto, inochengetedza huremu hwakaringana kune (vateereri) kuvapfuura vasingazvizive.

Iyo nharo

yerma, protagonist mukadzi mukadzi akaroorwa nababa vake Juan, murume waasingade. Zvisinei, haarambi. Zvimwe nekuti iye munhu akarurama uye akarurama, akasungirirwa kune pfungwa yekutendeseka. Uye zvakare, iye anoona muwanano iyi nzira yekuzadzisa chinangwa chake chakadzama: kuve amai.

Asi asingabereki (nekudaro, nekwakatanga kari nemavara madiki) ishoko rinoshandiswa kuratidza chinhu chisingabereki kana kuoma. Saka, nguva inopfuura ... Yerma, protagonist haigone kubata pamuviri. Chido chako chinopedzisira chashanduka kuita chishuwo uyezve anopedzisira aburitsa dambudziko rekupedzisira. Kutongwa kwekusingaperi uye kusingagumi kusingagumi.

Kubva kumachismo, magungano eruzhinji uye (kushomeka) kwekugadzira

Kumaruwa Spain kwayakaiswa chidimbu chakanyanyisa kuona. Juan, murume waJerma, anomiririra izvozvo chete. Murume anodzvinyirira nekushungurudza mukadzi "wake" nekusaziva. Kungoti ndomaitiro anoita zvinhu. Panguva imwecheteyo imachismo inokurudzirwa uye inoruramiswa nevakadzi vacho pachavo.

Zvakare, mukati memagariro akagamuchirwa, basa rakakosha remukadzi wese ndere kushumira nekuzvara, zvikasadaro anozvidzwa. Asi Juan kunyaradzwa kwehupenyu hwakanyarara uye pasina chinodiwa chevana chakamusiya asina hunyanzvi. Ndokunge, pasina chishuwo chechokwadi cheupenyu. Uku kusava nehanya kunotungamira mukumanikidza kune protagonist, uyo anoisa chisimbiso mugumo wake.

Kudza kutanga, kozotevera vamwe

Pane hunhu hwechitatu pakati pekukonana; Anonzi victor. Akave ari shamwari yeJerma kubva pahudiki hwavo. Saizvozvo, iye ndomumwe wevashandi vaJuan. Victor naJerma vanga vari murudo nekusingaperi. Kuvapo kwechimiro ichi kunodenha mumanzwiro ake aasina kusangana nemurume wake. Kwete kunyangwe munguva dzehukama.

Wese munhu mudhorobha anoona kukwezva pakati paVictor naJerma. Zvakaipisisa: kunyangwe kana vachikudzwa uye kuvimbika ivo vachiramba rudo rwavo, vakadzi vacho vanotanga kuzevezera nezve kupandukira kwakakwana. Nekudaro, zvirevo zvemunhu akabatanidzwa hazvina basa ... mbeu yekusahadzika yakadyarwa.

Mumwe muedzo wekuvimbika

Muchiito chechitatu, pedyo nekuguma kwemutambo, Yerma ane mukana wekutiza nemumwe murume - ane simba, anoshanda nesimba, ane hutano hwakanaka - ndiani anogona kumupa zvese zvaari kuda. Kunze kwemusha uye kuchengetedzeka, mwanakomana anoshuviwa. Kupihwa kunouya mukufambira, kubva pamuromo we "mukadzi mukuru" (zita rinoshandiswa naGarcía Lorca kuzivisa amai vemunhu mutsva).

Asi Yerma haina kukotama, inoramba yakasimba mumisimboti yayo uye inoenderana nehunhu hwayo. Anoda kuita mwana, chete nemurume wake. Iye murume akamuroora uye waanogovana naye mubhedha wake wepedyo ... kana divi rake risingakwanise kufema, zvinoita kunge risinei naye.

Kuguma kweYerma

Chiitiko chekupedzisira chechikamu ichi ndeimwe yenguva dzinoyevedza mumutambo weSpanish. Iye protagonist anouraya murume wake nekumukachidza iye achiedza kumutora. Kupandukira kwevanodzvinyirirwa kune vadzvinyiriri, mhedzisiro yacho isiri iyo yaunoda.

Kuteedzana kwaYerma achipopota padanho rekuti iye amene akauraya mwanakomana wake (nekuti chete nemurume wake aigona kuva naye) hazvikanganwike kune vese vakapinda mumutambo. Nhamo mune yayo yakachena fomu. Nesimba iro chete nhetembo mumutauro wechiSpanish dzinogona kudhinda. Yakadzikama uye inorwadza muzvikamu zvakaenzana.