Chirevo chePio Baroja
Pío Baroja y Nessi aiva munyori akaberekerwa muSan Sebastián, Spain, musi wa28 Zvita 1872, ari wevanodanwa kuti chizvarwa che'98. Nyaya yemunyori wekuSan Sebastian yakasiyana chaizvo, sezvo akawana doctorate mune zvokurapa. asati azvipa zvizere kubasa rake rokunyora. Kunyangwe akazvitsaurirawo kumitambo yemitambo, bhuku iri ndiro nganonyorwa yakaita kuti azivikanwe.
Saizvozvowo, Mabhuku eBaroja anoratidza mana anomiririra maitiro ake ehuzivi uye ezvematongerwo enyika: kusava nechokwadi, anticlericalism, pessimistic individualism uye anarchism. Mukuwedzera, basa remunyori weBasque rinoratidza zvakajeka zvinopesana ne-rhetorical zvido-zvakasimbiswa nemashoko akagadzirwa-pamwe chete nekutsamwa kure kure nezvokwadi.
Nhoroondo yePío Baroja
maitiro maitiro
- Kunyora mumashoko ekongiri uye kure kubva kune chero dzidzo
- kutaura kuri nyore
- Kusarudzwa kweakanyanya kukosha hunhu hwemunhu kana chinhu (graphic impressionism) pachinzvimbo chetsananguro yakadzama.
- Inzwi rakashata rinoratidzwa kuburikidza nemazwi anotsemura mamiriro uye marongero anoenderana nemafungiro emunyori asina tariro.
- Kuvapo kwezvinyorwa zvipfupi zvakanyudzwa pakati perondedzero kuitira kutora dzimwe pfungwa dzemunyori.
- Kupfupisa nguva nenzvimbo (inowanikwa kuburikidza nekumhanya kwerondedzero), iyo inobvumira kuvhara hupenyu hwese hwemunhu kana zvizvarwa.
- Kushandisa zvitsauko zvipfupi
- Nhaurirano dzechisikigo uye dzehushamwari.
- Kunyatsoita mutauro; chimwe nechimwe chinhu chakatsanangurwa nemazwi chaiwo kuitira kusimudzira kuverenga kune simba uye kunonakidza kwezvinyorwa.
(zvisingabvumirwi) kuronga mabhuku ake
Pio Baroja akaronga (nenzira yakati rebei) mabhuku ake akanyorwa muzvikamu zvipfumbamwe nematetralogies maviri. Pakati pemaseti iwayo, "Saturnalia" yaive nhevedzano yakabudiswa zvakazara mushure mekufa kwaBaroja, iyo yakaitika muMadrid, pana October 30, 1956.
Mamiriro ezvinhu aya akaitika kudzivirira kunetsana neFrancoist censorship (kunyanya nyaya dzine chekuita neHondo Yenyika). Uyezve, mabhuku manomwe ekupedzisira akapedzwa neBaroja anotorwa semanovhero akasununguka, sezvo dzisiri chikamu chechikamu chakarongwa nemunyori. Mapoka ari kutaurwa ndeaya:
basque land
- Imba yaAizgorri (1900)
- Nzvimbo yeLabraz (1903)
- Zalacaín mushanyi (1908)
- Ngano yaJaun de Alzate (1922).
hupenyu hunoshamisa
- Adventures, zvigadzirwa uye zvisinganzwisisike zveSilvestre Paradox (1901)
- Nzira yekukwana (mystical passion) (1901)
- gangaidzo mambo (1906).
Kurwira hupenyu
- The search (1904)
- Huswa hwakaipa (1904)
- mambakwedza matsvuku (1904).
Zvakaitika
- Kururama kwevakangwara (1905)
- vekupedzisira romantics (1906)
- Njodzi dzinotyisa (1907).
Mujaho
- mukadzi akadzungaira (1908)
- Guta remhute (1909)
- Muti wesainzi (1911).
Maguta
- Kesari kana chimwe chinhu (1910)
- Nyika iripo (1912)
- Perverted sensuality: zvinyorwa zverudo zvemurume asina zivo muzera re decadence (1920).
Gungwa
- Shanti Andía zvinonetsa (1911)
- Iyo labyrinth ye mermaids (1923)
- Vatyairi vehurefu (1929)
- Captain Chimista nyeredzi (1930).
matambudziko enguva yedu
- Chamupupuri chikuru chenyika (1926)
- Magariro erombo (1927)
- anononoka anoda (1926).
sango dema
- Errotacho mhuri (1932)
- cape of storms (1932)
- Ivo vaoni (1932).
pwere dzakarasika
- Husiku hweGood Retreat (1934)
- Mupristi weMonleon (1936)
- carnival kupenga (1937).
Saturnalia
- muimbi anodzungaira (1950)
- nhamo dzehondo (2006)
- Mafemo emhanza (2015).
zvinyorwa zvakasununguka
- Susana nevatambi vendege (1938)
- Laura kana kusurukirwa kusina tariro (1939)
- Nezuro nanhasi (yakabudiswa muChile muna 1939)
- The Knight of Erlaiz (1943)
- Zambuko remweya (1944)
- Hotera mu Swan (1946)
- muimbi anodzungaira (1950).
Pio Baroja
Mutsara wemamwe emamwe emucherechedzo emabhuku ePío Baroja
Nzvimbo yeLabraz (1903)
Iri ingano rakaiswa munzvimbo dzekumaruwa dzeÁlava panguva yeXNUMXth century. Maari, Baroja anorondedzera sedhirama remhuri ine mayorazgo inoitwa naDon Juan de Labraz.bofu. Wekupedzisira anoona rugare rwetaundi rake ruchichinjwa apo hanzvadzi yake Cesárea inodzokera kutaundi pamwe chete nomurume wake asina tsika, Ramiro, zvichikonzera ruvengo pakati pehama.
Ramiro anotanga anyengedza Marina—mwanasikana wavaridzi—uyezve muramu wake Micaela., waanorangana naye kuti afadze Cesárea (ari kurwara) uye kutiza pashure pokunge aba zvimwe zvisaririra zvechechi. Gare gare, Rosarito, mwanasikana waRamiro naCesárea, anofawo. Zvichakadaro, Don Juan anofanira kutsungirira makuhwa akadaro munzvimbo yetsika dzechinyakare uye dzepuritanical.
The search (1904)
Zvinofungidzirwa nevanyori venhoroondo serimwe remabhuku akakosha eBaroja, The search Inowanikwa munzvimbo dzevarombo dzeMadrid. Ikoko, Manuel, mutambi mukuru, anogara achinetseka nekuti zvakamuomera kuwana basa rakagadzikana. Asi, pasinei nehupenyu hwezuva nezuva hwakaoma uye kusava nechokwadi kuripo, haamborasikirwi netariro yekuzvivakira hupenyu huri nani.
Muti wesainzi (1911)
Iri ibasa rinonyanya kuzivikanwa remunyori wechiSpanish - rakaoma kwazvo kubatanidza mumashoko mashoma - uye izvo. inoongorora zvakadzama zvinotevera huzivi zvirevo:
- Iko kupesana pakati pepositivism uye vitalism; inomisikidzwa nevaviri vepakati mavara enyaya: Andrés Hurtado nasekuru Iturrioz.
- Andrew (positivist) inovimba nokufambira mberi kwesayenzi semhinduro kuzvinetso zvokuvapo kwomunhu.
- Iturrioz (vitalist), inoratidza kurerekera kumitemo yaNietzsche inotsigira kuraswa kwetsika dzechiJudha nechiKristu.
- pfungwa dzisina tariro, mafungiro akapararira muEurope nekuda kwekushoropodzwa kwaImmanuel Kant kweIdeas of Reason (Mwari, mweya nenyika).
- Maitiro aArthur Schopenhauer: ruzivo rwesainzi runopesana nezvinorehwa nehupenyu munhu wega wega.
- Iyo nihilistic meseji kumagumo: kufa kwemunhu kunounza kufa kweNyika.
Husiku hwekurega zvakanaka (1934)
Munovhero iyi, Baroja inonangana nedingindira rekare: kupfupika kwehupenyu. Kwazvo, munyori anomutsa nharaunda yeMadrid pakupera kwezana ramakore rechi XNUMX, inoratidzirwa neboka rebohemian rakazara nekusaenzana. Saizvozvowo, bhuku rino rinoratidza nhevedzano yevatambi vanopokana, mumwechete uye vanoshungurudzika munzvimbo inotora nhanho yetsika yemumwe nemumwe isingakodzeri.
Chimwe chinosiyaniswa nenganonyorwa mashandisirwo enganonyorwa yakavhenganiswa nemasikirwo emagungano eruzhinji akagadzirwa muchinyorwa. Pamusoro pe, ndangariro dzepwere dzinoburitsa manzwiro ekusuwa muvatambi venyaya, uyo akagadzira chisungo chakakosha muBuen Retiro Gardens.
