Mark Twain Quote
Zvakaitika kuna Tom Sawyer Iri ibasa rinozivikanwa reAmerican Mark Twain. Yakabudiswa pakati pa1876 na1878 neAmerican Publishing Company. Ichi chinyorwa chezvinyorwa chinovhara marudzi emutambo, comedy, nhamo uye biography, uye inoitika munguva inotangira Hondo Yenyika muSt. Petersburg (1860).
Mune ino novel, munyori anotsanangura hupenyu hwemukomana anopandukira uye ane njere, asi ane mutsa zvikuru. Iro basa rakaiswa mutaundi diki rengano rine maitiro anoyeuchidza nezvemahombekombe eRwizi rweMississippi - nzvimbo iyo munyori akapedzera hudiki hwake. Ndiko kwave kuri kuita kwerondedzero, iyo yakashandurirwa mumitauro yakawanda, yakashandiswa sereferensi mumazana ezvinyorwa, zvakaongororwa muzvinyorwa zvakakosha, zvakakodzera kubhaisikopo, theatre uye terevhizheni.
Pfupiso naTom Saywer
Tom, ane misikanzwa uye ari murudo
Mazuva aTom akapinda pakati pemisikanzwa, zvakapedza moyo murefu wamainini vake Polly. Akarayira kuti amubatsire kuita basa repamba, asi jaya racho rakakwanisa nguva dzose kunzvenga zvisungo zvaro.
Mamwe mangwanani sechirango chekusvetuka kirasi Polly akamuraira kuti apende fenzi. Mukomana akachenjera, asina kana chido chekuita basa rake, akanyepedzera kune vamwe vana kuti kuita basa rakadaro kunonakidza, uye. Akapa zvakawanda zvokuti akavawana kuti vamuitire basa racho. Mushure mekusiya nekunyengetedza vamwe kuti vapedze basa ravo, Tom akawana mvumo kubva kuna mainini vake uye akakwanisa kubuda kunotamba.
Ndokudzokera kumba mushure mekunakidzwa nekudzungaira kwake. mukomana akaona musikana akanaka waakabva atanga kudanana naye, uye, sokunge nemashiripiti, akakanganwa rudo rwake rwekupedzisira kukunda: Amy Lawrence. Neshungu dzekuda kutariswa nemusikana uyu, akatanga kuita twumatutu twekurova zvine njodzi, zvisinei, hazvina kumubatsira uye akabuda akasuwa nekusaonekwa.
Mazuva akatevera, uye sezvaiitwa nemusi weSvondo, mhuri yakapinda misa. Ikoko, Tom akashinga akakwanisa kuchinjanisa mavhocha anoverengeka nevamwe vechiduku ndokuunganidza mari yaidiwa kuti ahwine Bhaibheri. Mukati memufaro mukomana akashamiswa zvinofadza kuona rudo rwake rutsva: Becky. Akanga ari mwanasikana waJudge Thatcher, uyo akanga ari muenzi anokosha zuva iroro pachechi.
Paiitika misa, Tom akabhowekana ndosaka akatanga kutamba nebete pasi.. Kamwe kamwe, chipembenene chacho chakabaya mhuno yembwa uye imbwa yakachema nokurwadziwa. Kupopota kwese kwakakonzera mheremhere muvatendi, zvichiita kuti kutaura kuvhiringike uye pakupedzisira kukanganisa shumiro yeSvondo.
Mangwana acho, tiri munzira kuenda kukirasi, Tom akamhanyira shamwari yake Huckleberry Finn uye akanonoka kusvika mumba. Ziva izvozvo chirango chaive chekugara nevasikana, akabvuma nemufaro, sezvo aive akwanisa kugara pedyo naBecky Thatcher. Nenzira iyi akatora mukana wokuzivisa rudo rwake kwaari uye nokudaro vakabvumirana kumubatanidzwa nokutsvoda.
Akaronga kuroorana zvachose, asi akareurura kuti akambodanana naAmy Lawrence. muroora achangobva Akatsamwa uye, azere negodo, akaramba kugarisa rudo rwake naye. Tom, akasuwa uye akashatirwa nekurambwa kwemusikana wake, akafunga kuenda kwakasara kwezuva kunzvimbo yake yekupotera yenguva dzose iri musango kuseri kweimba yeChirikadzi Douglas.
Kupamba, zvitunha nemakuva
Sezvo husiku hwava, Huck akatsvaga Tom uye vakaenda kuguva.Vaitarisira kuona madhimoni uye kuita dzimwe tsika nekatsi dzakafa. Vakahwanda pedyo neguva remushakabvu Hoss Williams, y, pakarepo, vakaona vasvika Varume vemiti: Dr. Robinson, Muff Potter uye Injun Joe.
Potter naJoe vakaba zvimwe zvitunha, mupambi wechitatu achivatarisa. Zvisingatarisirwi, varume vakatanga kukakavadzana uye vachida mari yakawanda kubva kuna Robinson, uye wekupedzisira akazvidzivirira pachake nekurova Potter mumusoro. The Indian akatora mukana uye akagumisa hupenyu hwaRobinson nebanga, akabva ashandisa chiitiko ichi achipomera muff, uyo akanga achiri akakanuka.
Vechidiki vakanyarara vachiona mhosva uyeVachitya, vakakurumidza kutiza kuti vaponese upenyu hwavo. Mushure mechiitiko chinotyisa akasarudza kuita mhiko isingaparadziki: kusaudza munhu zvavakanga vachangobva kuona. Vakasimbisa kuzvipira pabhodhi, vakabaya zvigunwe zvavo uye vakasaina ropa.
Elopement kuJackson Island uye Funeral
Mutumbi waDr Robinson wakaonekwa uye nhau yemhondi yakazunungusa guta rose.. Uye, sezvaitarisirwa, muff potter akasungwa. Somugumisiro, Tom akatanga kuva nehope dzinotyisa, uye, pamwe chete nokusafarira kwaBecky, kusuruvara kwake kwakawedzera.
Art kubva kuThe Adventures yaTom Sawyer animated series
Mamiriro acho ezvinhu akaita kuti Tom afunge zvakawanda, chimwe chazvo kwaiva kutambura kwaakapa Polly nokuda kwemaitiro ake okusaremekedza. Saka, akaita sarudzo yekutiza pamba. Ndiwo mabviro aakaita pakati pehusiku neshamwari dzake Huck naJoe Harper, vakananga kuJackson Island pane raft. Sezvineiwo, izvo zvakatungamirira mukufamba kuzere nemisikanzwa.
Mudhorobha vaona kusavapo kwepwere vakatanga kuvatsvaga pese pese. Vachiona ruckus yavakagadzira, kunzwa kwekugutsikana kwakazvarwa mavari uye vakatenda ivo pachavo kuve magamba enhema. Humwe usiku, Tom akaverevedza achidzokera mumba, achinzwa kuzvidemba pamusoro penhamo yemhuri yake.
Ya Pasina tariro, hama dzokunyama nevamwe vagari vomutaundi vakaungana muchechi kuti vavavise. Pazuva iroro chairo, Joe, Huck, naTom vakadzokera kutaundi ndokunovanda mupassage yetemberi kuti vaone kumuka kwavo vamene. Vari pakati pekukudza vakabva vabuda pavaivandauye zvose vabatsiri vachivaona vari vapenyu, vakafara.
magamba nekururamisira
Kudzokera kuchikoro, Tom akave mutsva wenguva. Azere nekubwinya, akaudza munhu wese nezvechiitiko chake chikuru - achichipa, hongu, yakakwirira yekuwedzeredza. Zvakare akasarudza kufuratira Becky uye kusamukumbira nokuda kwerudo rwake zvakare, kunyange zvazvo musikana wacho akakurumidza kuwana ngwariro yake.
Musikana Thatcher akatorwa moyo neshungu nekumukira, achitsvanzvadzira zvinhu zvemudzidzisi uye akabvarura rimwe remapeji ebhuku rinokosha zvikuru. Apo mudzidzisi akanyunyuta kukirasi pamusoro pezvakanga zvaitika, Tom akatora mutoro uye akatora chirango chacho. Nekuda kwechibayiro ichi, Becky akabatwa uye akagumisa kupokana kwavo kwese.
Mazororo nekufungisisa
Zhizha rakasvika uye Becky akabva muguta. Kune rumwe rutivi, Tom, akasuwa nokuda kwokushayikwa kwomudiwa wake, aifanira kumbozorora mavhiki maviri nekuti akanga abatwa negwirikwiti. Mushure menguva iyoyo, apo jaya rakadzoka kunze rakacherekedza kuti munhu ari wose mutaundi akanga awedzera kunamata. Mamiriro acho ezvinhu akamusunda uye, pashure pokufungisisa, akasarudza kusiya shure ushati hwake netsika dzakaipa.
Kune rumwe rutivi, Kutongwa kwaPotter kwakanga kwava kuda kutanga izvo zvakaita kuti hana yaTom iwedzere kurema zuva nezuva.: munhu asina mhosva aifanira kupomerwa mhosva. Ndosaka mukomana akasarudza kutyora mhiko ndokureurura zvose zvaaiziva kugweta redziviriro. Sawyer akapa humbowo mudare, chii zvakanga zvakakwana kuti vasunungure muff, asi hazvina kutadzisa Injun Joe kutiza.
Pfuma yakarasika
Back to normal, Tom naHuck Vakaramba vachitsvaga pfuma yakavigwa. Nerimwe zuva vakamhanyira muIndian Joe ndokufunga kumutevera, uye ndiwo maziviro avakaita kuti akanga ane zvakapambwa zvakachengetwa. Mazuva akatevera vose vakarota kuwana pfuma iyoyo, nokuti vakanga vasati vamboona mari yakawanda kudaro.
Pakarepo, zvakatora chigaro chekumashure kuna Tom, nokuti Becky akanga adzokera muguta. Mufaro wemukomana uyu waive wakazara. Kupera kwevhiki ikoko—pakusimbirira kwomusikana wacho—mhuri yakaronga pikiniki duku yevana paBako raMcDougal. Mushure mekugovana kwechinguva, vakomana vakasarudza kuongorora zvakatenderedza, izvo zvavakagadzira mapoka.
Pavaiongorora, Tom naBecky vakarasika ndokubatwa mubako. Husiku ihwohwo, Huck akadzinga Injun Joe ndokukanganisa hurongwa hwemutsotsi: aida kukuvadza Chirikadzi Douglas. Mukomana akashinga akauya nerubatsiro ndokuponesa upenyu hwemukadzi akanga apererwa. Pashure paikoko, Huck akarwara, uye chirikadzi yakaonga kupfurikidza nokumutarisira.
Mushure memazuva akavharwa, Tom naBecker vakaedza kutsvaga nzira yekubuda nayo, y kuva pazviri vakaona kuti Joe wekuIndia aivewo mukati mebako. Pakarepo vakabva vasuduruka ndokuhwanda kwaari, uye nokukurumidza vakanunurwa nevakuru, vakaisa chisimbiso pamukova wenzvimbo. Zvisinei, panguva iyo Tom akakwanisa kutsanangura kuti muIndia akanga ari mukati, kwakanga kwatononoka, sezvo muIndia akanga afa nenzara.
Mushure memariro emuparadzi, vakomana vakatanga kununura pfuma yakavanzwa uye vakabudirira: zvino vakanga vakapfuma. Tom akawana kuzivikanwa kubva kumhuri yaThatcher, uyo akaronga kumubatsira kupinda Military Academy. Pane rimwe divi, chirikadzi Douglas akatora Huck, Zvisinei, akanga asina kukwana kune shanduko nemitemo yevanhu, uye akasarudza kutiza.
Tom, achinetsekana nezveshamwari yake yaaida, akamukurudzira kuti adzoke vachimuvimbisa kuti, kunyange vakapfuma, vaizoumba boka rinobudirira ramakororo.
Sobre el autor
Mark Twain
Samuel Langhorne Clemenspseudonym Mark Twain- akaberekwa munaNovember 30, 1835 muFlorida, Missouri. Muhuduku hwake, mushure mekusiya zvidzidzo zvake nekuda kwekufa kwababa vake, akashanda somudzidzi wokutaipa muimba inotsikirira. Akatanga kuita zvekunyora uye nenguva isipi akanga ava kuita zvekunyora nhau.
Muna 1907 akawana doctorate yekuremekedza kubva kuYunivhesiti yeOxford (United Kingdom). Basa rake rekunyora rine: 12 novels, 6 nyaya, 5 zvinyorwa zvekufamba, 4 zvinyorwa uye 1 bhuku revana. Munyika yake nhaka yake yakapfuura nguva, mipiro yake yakazivikanwa uye zvikoro zvakasiyana uye zvikoro zvepamusoro zvakatumidzwa zita rake.
Twain akafa musi waApril 21, 1910, ava nemakore 74, muRedding. (Connecticut, United States).