Pfupiso yeHupenyu kurota

Hupenyu Chiroto Inotaridzirwa seanomiririra chikamu cheCalderonian theatre. Iri basa rakapihwa kuratidzwa kuMadrid muna 1635. Panguva iyoyo, kumisidzana mumuzinda weSpain kwakaitika mumapati akavhurika emakona (15 - 17 metres yakafara uye 30 - 40 metres pakureba), yakakomberedzwa nedzimba dzine mabalkoni.

Saizvozvowo, iri basa muenzaniso wekare webarque dramaturgy, rinotongwa nenjere dzehunyanzvi uye kutaurirana nezve hupenyu. Uye zvakare, mune aya marudzi emamiririro iwo mamiriro ekunze airatidzira kupesana kwepfungwa dzinopikisana, pamwe nekuwanda kwehupenyu pamusoro pehutsinye (kusaziva).

Nezve munyori, Pedro Calderón de la Barca

Zita rake rakazara ndiPedro Calderon de la Barca naBarreda González de Henao Ruiz de Blasco y Riaño Akaona mwenje kekutanga muMadrid, musi wa17 Ndira 1600. Aive wechitatu pavana vatanhatu (vaviri vakafa vachiri vadiki) yemuchato pakati paDiego Calderón na Ana María de Henao, vese vari vaviri vane mbiri mhuri. Akafunda tsamba, dzidziso, chiLatin nechiGreek kuImperial College yevaJesuit kuMadrid.

Pazera remakore gumi nemana, akanyoreswa kuYunivhesiti yeAlcalá, asi aifanira kusiya zvidzidzo zvake nekuda kwematambudziko emhuri. Gare gare, Akakwanisa kutangazve kudzidziswa kwake paUniversity yeSalamanca, kwaakawana degree rake reBachelor muCanon Law. uye Civil (1619). Muna 1621, akapinda muchiuto kuti ashandise zvikwereti zvemhuri uye kubatsira hama dzake.

Wemauto, mufundisi uye mutambi wemitambo

Kunyangwe mamwe manyuko achinongedzera Sango rinovhiringidza (1622) sechidimbu chake chekutanga, mutambo Rudo, kukudzwa uye simba (1623) ndiro zita raimuita kuti azivikanwe Kubva ipapo, iye aikwanisa kusanganisa basa rake remauto nechisiko chake chinoshamisa. Muchokwadi, akagadzwa Knight weOrder yeSantiago uye akazivikanwa nebasa rake semusoja muFuenterrabía (1638) uye Catalonia (1640).

Uyewo, Akagadzwa semupristi (1651), mufundisi weReyes Nuevos de Toledo (1653) uye anokudza mufundisi wamambo. (1663). Zvakare - nekutenda kune kwake kwakasiyana, kwakapfuma uye kwakakura kwehunyanzvi zvisikwa - mukati mema1640s akave anoremekedzwa zvikuru mutambi wemitambo wenguva yake.

Basa rake, muchidimbu

Mamwe masosi akaita saRuiza et. ku (2004) kubva kune iyo portal Nhoroondo uye Hupenyu, vanotsigira kuti Pedro Calderón de la Barca akaita kuverenga zvisikwa zvake nguva pfupi asati afa (Chivabvu 1681). Basa rake rinosanganisira "zana nemakumi gumi emakomedhi uye makumi masere emotokari masakaramende, kurumbidza, hors d'oeuvres nemamwe mabasa madiki."

Hunhu hweCalderonian theatre

La Calderonian yemitambo nziyo yakave iri mukati menguva yebaroque. Iyo inoratidzirwa neinoshamisa dhijitari yehunyanzvi kukwana, pamwe neakasvinuka maitiro, ine nhamba yakadzikira yemavara uye yakajeka zano ekisheni yakakomberedza protagonist. Iyo yakabvaruka Sigismund ye Hupenyu Chiroto ingangove yepasirese pakati peavo vese vanonyanya kutaurwa.

Pfupiso ye Hupenyu Chiroto

Unogona kutenga bhuku pano: Hupenyu Chiroto

Iri basa rinomiririra chinjaidzo kuChristu chechiBhudha chirevo cheakarara akamuka. Zvisinei, hunhu pasina mubvunzo hunoratidza dzidziso yechiKristu: kugara kwenguva pfupi kweupenyu hwepanyika -Kungori kurota kwechinguva - zvichienzaniswa neupenyu hwapashure porufu.

Aya madingindira anounzwa nehunyanzvi musanganiswa weakakomba huzivi uye kuseka naCalderón de la Barca. Pamusoro pezvo, panguva yekumiririrwa vamwe vatambi vanoratidzika mune zvakavanzika zvakasiyana nechinangwa chekuwedzera kusava nechokwadi kwevataridzi nezvekuti zviitiko zvipi chaizvo uye ndezvipi.

Musungwa

Basilio, mambo wePoland, anogamuchira kuburikidza nehorosikopu chiratidzo chekuti mwanakomana wake Sigismund anozove mudzvanyiriri.. Neichi chikonzero, anomukiyira mugomba reshongwe. Ikoko, korona muchinda anotuka mhanza yake ari mumaketani, achiti haana mhosva yaakapara. Neichi chikonzero, iye azere nehasha uye anoshuva kuuraya vaviri vanonzi vasori vakauya kwaari.

Ivo havasi vasori chaivo, ndivo veMuscovite Rosaura - mune yekuzvivanza kwemurume - uye Clarín, muranda wake. Avo vakasvika kumaruwa netsoka nekuti bhiza remukadzi apunyuka zvisingaite. Gare gare, Sigismund anonzwira tsitsi Rosaura uye anotambira chikumbiro chake chetsitsi.

Muchengeti

Clotaldo, murindi weshongwe, anopaza kuti arange vekunze nekuti chero kusangana nemusungwa kunorangwa nerufu. Asi varindiri vanozeza kuita iro reumambo kana Rosaura achimuratidzira bakatwa rine chekuita nezvakaitika kare zvaClotaldo. Zvakanaka, akazvipa mudiwa wake Violette nevimbiso yekuziva mwanakomana wake mubati wemunondo.

Kushatirwa nemukana wekuuraya mwanakomana wake chaiye (Rosaura transvestite), Clotaldo anotora vasungwa pamberi pamambo kuti avabvunze tsitsi. Zvichakadaro, mambo anofara nekuuya kwevanun'una vake Astolfo (Duke weMoscow) naEstrella kuzopedzisa zvirongwa zvake zvekutsiva. Iyo yekupedzisira inonyumwira medallion iyo iyo Duke inotakura nemufananidzo wemukadzi.

Muedzo

Panguva yechokwadi, Mambo Basilio akakurumidza kuzivisa kune vatsva uye kudare kuvapo kwemwanakomana chaiye. Zvakaenzana, mambo anofungidzira fungidziro yekutanga nezvehunhu hunodzvinyirira wedzinza rake. Naizvozvo, anosarudza kuita kuyedza pamberi pekutarisirwa kwevanhu vake vese: kurarisa Sigismund, kuburitsa kwaakabva chaiko uye kumugarisa pachigaro chehushe kwezuva.

Rosaura kukudzwa

Basilio anozivisa kuti kusangana naSigismund hakucharangwa. Panguva iyoyo, Clotaldo anoda kuzviratidza sababa vemubati wemunondo, asi Rosaura (achiri kuzvivanza) anoti auya kuzosangana naAstolfo kutsiva kukudzwa kwake. Ipapo, Rosaura anoburitsa pachena kuti iye mukadzi uye anofamba achienda nemuranda wake. Zvino - atochinja mbatya dzake - anonyepedzera kunge muzukuru waClotaldo.

Monarch kwezuva

Sigismund akarara anotungamirirwa mukamuri yekurara uye akapfekedzwa mupfekero wamambo. Paanomuka akavhiringidzika uye haatomboziva murindi weshongwe yaanoda kumuuraya. Gare gare, korona muchinda anobata vashandi nehasha kwazvo (anotokanda mumwe nepahwindo) uye Astolfo.

Mambo vanonzwa nezve hunhu hwemwanakomana wavo, nekudaro, musungwa wekuora mwoyo nekuti anoramba kutambira zviporofita zvemudyi wenhaka yake. Zvisinei, Apo Basilio paanoedza kukumbundira Sigismund, anomuramba achitaura kodzero yake isingarambiki yekutonga. Panguva iyoyo, Basilio anomuudza kuti pamwe "ingori chiroto."

Dzokera kushongwe

Sigismund anoyeverwa nerunako rwaRosaura uye anoedza kumunyengedza nematauriro anobata kumeso. Kunyangwe paakamuramba, muchinda anotumira vese vashandi venzvimbo iyi kuti vamutore nechisimba. Kushungurudzwa kunogumiswa naClotaldo uye kurwa kunoitika zvekuti kunyange Astolfo haigone kumira. Ndiye chete mambo anokwanisa kupedzisa makwikwi.

Basilio anorayira mwanakomana wake kuti aradziswe kurara zvakare. Pane imwe nguva mushongwe, Clarín anoiswawo kuseri kwemabhawa nekuti anoziva zvakawandisa nezvenyaya iyi. Panguva imwecheteyo, Clotaldo anotsanangurira Sigismund kuti zuva rake pachigaro chaive chekunyepedzera. Kubva panguva iyoyo, muchinda haana kusiyanisa hope zvakanaka kubva pachokwadi, saka anonzwisisa kuti anofanira kuzvibata zvine hungwaru.

Chigaro chekupokana

Rosaura naEstrella vanobva kure naAstolfo kana vaona rudo rwake rwekunyengera nekuda kwemufananidzo (wekutanga) wakarembera kubva pamutsipa weduke. Kune rimwe divi, mhomho yevanhuwo zvavo inouya kushongwe kuzosunungura Clarín (vanotenda zvisizvo kuti ndiye mambo). Zvimwe, Kana Sigismund aonekwa, boka revanhu rinoti rinoshuvira mutsivi wechokwadi pachigaro uye kuti vakagadzirira kumurwira.

Korona muchinda anokwanisa kuzvidzora uye kuzvibata nemazvo (achiri asingazive kana ari kurota kana kwete), kunyangwe munhu hupenyu hweakasiya chigaro cheClotaldo. Panguva ino, Mumuzinda weClarín anozivisa Astolfo naEstrella nezve zviitiko. Huwandu hwevanhu hwakakamurwa pakati pevaya vanoramba vakavimbika kuna Basilio vachipesana nevaya vanotsigira Sigismund.

Kugadziriswa

Munguva dzehondo, Rosaura anoonekwa pachiitiko kukumbira Sigismund kuti amubatsire kuuraya Astolfo (uye nekudaro kudzikinura kukudzwa kwake). Kana kurwa kwatanga, Clarín anofa nekupfurwa uye Basilio anonzwisisa kuti haakwanise kutarisana nemwanakomana wake. Nekuda kweichi chikonzero, anozvipira patsoka dzako. Asi chiporofita hachizadzikiswe nenzira inotarisirwa.

Sigismund haasi mudzvanyiriri, anosvika kuna baba vake nekuvasimudza. Pakupedzisira, mwanakomana anoziviswa semutevedzeri ari pamutemo anotambirwa nevagari nedare.. Mukuwedzera, mambo mutsva anosiya munhu wese achifara: anodzosera kukudzwa kwaRosaura nekumuroora kuna Astolfo uye iye amene anokumbira ruoko rwaEstrella, uyo anohugamuchira.

Hupenyu Chiroto

Muchiito chekupedzisira, Sigismund anotsanangura zvikonzero zvekuchinja kwake kunoshamisa: akadzidza kuve mambo akarurama kuburikidza nehope. Naizvozvo, kana kuvapo kwepanyika kwemunhu kuri kunyepedzera, anoshuvira kutora mukana weiyo flicker iyo hupenyu kuti ave mutongi akarurama.

Chidimbu

"Asi, ngazvive chokwadi kana kurota,

kuita zvakanaka ndiko kunokosha.

Dai zvaive zvechokwadi, zvekuve izvo;

kana zvisiri, kuhwina shamwari

nekuti patinomuka ”.