Iyo isingaperi nzira

Iyo isingaperi nzira inhoroondo yenhau yakanyorwa naJosé Calvo Poyato. Chinyorwa ichi chinorondedzera zviitiko zvine chekuita nekutenderera kwekutanga kushanya kwepasirese zvine hukasha uye nekuremekedza zviitiko zvakanyorwa. Nekuti rwanga rwuri netsaona uye rwakaoma rwendo, rwakatanga naFernando de Magallanes uye rwakapedziswa naJuan Sebastián Elcano.

Nyaya yacho yakakamurwa kuita zvikamu zviviri. Mukutanga, muverengi anobatsira Magellan mune zvese gadziriro dzekuita basa. Chinangwa chekutanga chaive chekutsvaga imwe nzira yekuSpice Islands. Hafu yechipiri, inotarisa pazviitiko zverwendo zvakatanga nevashandi vevarume makumi maviri nevaviri vakakwira ngarava shanu, yakapedziswa neimwe ngarava uye vapenyu gumi nevasere.

Munyori

José Calvo Poyato ndomumwe wevanoremekedzwa vezvakaitika kare veSpain nhasi. Mubasa rake anoomerera pakusimbisa kubudirira kweavo vaferefesi vakafamba nechikepe kubva kuIberian Peninsula. mukutsvaga nzvimbo nyowani. Idzi ndidzo ngano dzinozivikanwa idzo dzakashandura Spain kuita muchina wekukunda zvisati zvamboitika nyika (yeEuropean budiriro) kubvira kupera kwezana ramakore rechiXNUMX.

Chimwe chezvinhu zvake zvekudzidza ndizvo chaizvo Fernando de Magallanes. Admireti wechiPutukezi - achinzwa kuzvidzwa nehama dzake - akazova nyika yeSpain. Musangano uyu wakamutendera kuti asimudzire chimwe chezviitiko zvinoshamisa munhoroondo yevanhu.

Basa rezvematongerwo enyika

Calvo akaberekwa muna Chikunguru 23, 1951 muKabra, maseru eDunhu reCórdoba, Andalusia. Kwemakore gumi aive meya kubva mutaundi iri, pamwe nenhengo yeCórdoba Provincial Council uye nhengo yeParamende yeAndalusia. Saizvozvo, hanzvadzi yake Carmen Calvo Poyato ndiye Wokutanga Mutevedzeri Wemutungamiriri weHurumende inotungamirwa naPedro Sánchez.

José Calvo Poyato ndiye chiremba munhoroondo yemazuva ano kubva kuYunivhesiti yeGranada. Kubva 2005, akasimuka zvachose kubva mune zvematongerwo enyika kuti azvipire zvizere kubasa rake semunyori. Iye parizvino ari munyori wepepanhau ABC uye nhengo yeRoyal Academy yeSainzi, Tsamba Dzakanaka uye Noble Arts yeCórdoba. Icho zvakare chikamu cheAndalusian Academy yeNhoroondo.

Zvimiro zvemabhuku ako

Chinyorwa chayo chemabhuku chinonyorwa zvakanyanya nehupenyu, zvinyorwa uye nhoroondo dzezvakaitika kare yezviitiko zvinodarika uye mavara eIberian Peninsula. Saizvozvowo, mumabasa ake anoratidza kufarira kwakanyanya mune zvakaitika mukati meAndalusia nemataundi eCórdoba.

Yake yekutanga mumhando yacho yaive Mambo akaroya (1995), nyeredzi Mambo Charles II. Ndiani, pakupedzisira, aizove chikamu chepamutemo nhoroondo seyenhengo yekupedzisira yeAustria Dynasty muSpain. Uyo rufu rwakabatidza fiyuzi yeHondo Yekutsiva.

Iyo isingaperi nzira

Unogona kutenga bhuku pano: Iyo isingaperi nzira

Mufambisi wechikepe ane ronda rakakuvara

Pakati peiyo 1510s, Fernando de Magallanes akanzwa asingakosheswi nevatongi veumambo hwake. Zvakanaka, akatenda kuti aive nehunhu hwakakura semufambisi wengarava. Uye zvakare, Admiral aishuvira zviitiko zvitsva uye aida kuongorora nyika isingazivikanwe "ichangobva kuwanikwa" naColumbus. Ipapo, akatendeukira kune vakwikwidzi vakuru vekorona yake: humambo hwaCastile.

Panguva iyoyo, Spain nePortugal vaive nechibvumirano maringe nekugovana kwavo nyika. Kunyanya, iyo miganho pakati pehutongi hweimwe neumwe hwakagadzwa nezvitsuwa zveCape Verde. Ndokureva, nzvimbo dzese kumadokero kwechitsuwa ichi yaive ndima yeSpain, nepo kumabvazuva yaive yeLusitania.

Chirongwa

Iko kupihwa kweMagellan kwaCarlos ini kwaive kutsvaga imwe nzira (neWest) kubva kuIberian Peninsula kuenda kuzvitsuwa zvemarudzi. Naizvozvo, basa iri raizoratidza kuti chitsuwa ichi (chevaMolucca, mukati meinhasi Indonesia) chaive "kudivi reSpain renyika."

Kufamba pakati pezvematongerwo enyika

Nguva refu Magellan asati aenda nechikepe, aifanira kufamba nezviitiko zvinoverengeka zvakaoma. Kunyanya, vanga vari makore mashanu enhaurirano dzakaoma - mamwe acho achinyadzisa - akataurwa naCalvo Poyato zvakanyatsonaka muchikamu chekutanga chebhuku.

Kubudirira kweichi chirevo chinobvumidza muverengi kuziva mashandiro enharaunda yeSpanish pakutanga kwenguva yeRenaissance. Saizvozvo, munyori anofumura akawanda "zvakavanzika" chokwadi nezveSeville. Nekuti, panguva iyoyo, guta reAndalusian rakava nzvimbo yezvehupfumi yehumambo mushure mekuwanikwa kweWest Indies.

Kunyanza

Mushure mehondo dzinonetsa dzezvematongerwo enyika, pamwe nekurangana kwemukati nekunze, Magallanes akakwanisa kutanga ngarava kubva Seville musi waAugust 10, 1519. Nzira yake: kutanga, kuenda kuAtlantic; ipapo, tichienda kumakungwa ekumaodzanyemba (nhasi anozivikanwa sePacific Ocean, ndatenda chaizvo kune urwu rwendo).

Mutungamiriri akarayira chikwata chakaumbwa nezvikepe zvishanu: Trinidad (akagadzwa naiye), San Antonio, Concepción, Victoria neSantiago. Pane rimwe divi, kugona kwemunyori wenyaya kukudziridza rondedzero inotsetsenura zvinonzwisisika. Munyori anokwanisa kutora nenzira inotyisa matambudziko anosanganikwa nawo nevanyori uye kuti vanowedzera sei kusimba nekusimba.

Kutanga zvipingamupinyi

Kazhinji, mwedzi mishoma yakapfuura nemuAtlantic Ocean, pakatanga mhirizhonga dzemukati uye mamwe mapoka evapanduki. In consecuense, Magellan akamanikidzwa kuratidza rake "rerima divi" kuti arambe achidzora. Pamusoro pezvo, mamiriro ekunze ekumaodzanyemba akashatisa mamiriro erwendo.

Mumakungwa eSouth

Pane imwe nguva muPacific Ocean, kure nekuwana runyararo, vashandi vakapererwa nechikafu ndokutanga kufa nenzara ... kupererwa kwaive kusingagone. Asi Magellan akazowana nzira yakatangwa naColumbus: chitsuwa chePhilippines.

Nenzira iyi, Admiral akaratidza kuti vaMolucca vaive "kudivi reSpanish." Zvisinei, Fernando de Magallanes, akatadza "kuratidza" pachezvake, sezvo akafa asati asvika kuzvitsuwa zverudzi. Neichi chikonzero, Juan Sebastián Elcano akafunga kuraira kwekufamba kwakadzikira.

Ichokwadi kune nhoroondo

Chikamu chekupedzisira chenyaya yacho chinotsanangura zviitiko zviri mungarava yeVictoria, iyo chete hafu-yakazara chikepe chakapedzisa nzira isingaperi. Kuwedzera kune nzara uye kufinhwa mushure mekufamba kwenguva yakareba, vashandi vaifanira kuramba vakangwarira. Yakanga isiri yepasi, nekuti nzira yekudzoka yakapfuura nemumahombekombe eAfrica (pasi pekutonga kwevaPutukezi).

Analysis

Musi waSeptember 6, 1522, Elcano nevamwe varume gumi nevanomwe vakamira muSeville. Mumashoko aJosé Calvo Poyato, uyu feat haana kupihwa kukosha kwakakodzera. Kupfuurirazve, iyo nyanzvi yeAndalusian inonongedza kuti, kana rwendo rwacho rwakakundikana, aizorangarirwa zvakanyanya kuSpain. Chero zvazvingaitika, Iyo isingaperi nzira ine hunhu hwekununura chitsauko chinoshamisa zvechokwadi munhoroondo yevanhu.

Kunyangwe nyaya yacho ichinakidza kubva pakutanga kusvika pakupedzisira, iro rezvematongerwo enyika rechikamu chekutanga chebhuku iri rakakora. Naizvozvo, chikamu chechinyorwa ichi (pane pakaoma) chinopfekedza vaverengi nemunyori pachake. Chekupedzisira, kana vanhu vake vari mumakungwa akakwirira, Calvo Poyato anoita kunge ari kukurumidza kupedzisa rwendo. Zvakadaro, kuverenga kwakanyanya.