Mutsara naFederico García Lorca.
Zita raFederico García Lorca rinofanana nehukuru uye njodzi. Yake akati wandei eanomiririra mabasa echiSpanish nhetembo dzezana ramakore rechiXNUMX, pakati pavo, Nyanduri muNew York inonzi ndiyo inonyanya kukosha. Hazvishamise kuti nyanzvi zhinji dzedzidzo dzinonongedza kuchidimbu ichi chakafemerwa neAmerican metropolis sechinjo pabasa rake.
Nyanduri wekuGranada akanyora Nyanduri muNew York tichigara mu "guta risingarari" (June 1929 - March 1930). Icho chidimbu chinoumbwa nemavhesi emahara akatakurwa nemifananidzo yesurreal, yakanakira kuenzanisira mhirizhonga yemumaguta. Ikoko, Lorca akaratidza kuomerwa kwevakanyanya kushayiwa kukuvadza tekinoroji uye kukura kwebudiriro.
Analysis of Nyanduri muNew York
Madingindira uye maitiro
Lorca anoratidza mukati Nyanduri muNew York tsananguro yakanyatsokwenenzverwa uye shanduko yepfungwa kushaya misoro yakabatana nengano yekumusha kwake (kazhinji mumabasa ake akamutangira). Saizvozvowo, mavhesi akanyorwa emahara akaremerwa neoneiric, subjective uye zvisina musoro mataurirwo, tsvaga kukurudzira fungidziro yemuverengi kuburikidza nekuratidzwa kwemanzwiro.
Neichi chikonzero, chidimbu ichi chinomiririra shanduko yebasa remudetembi weAndalusian kubva munhetembo dzechinyakare kuenda kune avant-garde proposals.. Kwapera mametric enziyo anoenderana nerudo uye bhuku renziyo (zviri pachena mu Nziyo, Semuyenzaniso). Kare pakupera kwema1920, nhetembo yaLorca yakapa nzvimbo yakawanda yekufungidzira uye surrealism.
Dehumanization
Basa rakafuridzirwa neBig Apple inomiririra kuratidzira kwevanhu kunoburitsa nhamo dzevagari vasina simba veguta. Ikoko, maAfrica-America uye vana vekirasi dzepasi vanoita sevakatorerwa hunhu hwavo zvinokanganisa mechanization uye yekuvaka geometry. Mukupesana, mufananidzo wakasarudzika wakaburitswa kune dzimwe nyika unoratidza guta remaoresa.
Saizvozvowo, Lorca akajekesa kuramba kwake capitalism uye mhedzisiro yemazuva ano. Saizvozvovo, rusarura rwakarongeka uye kusarongeka kusingaperi kwakatambudzwa nevadiki vatema kwakazadza munyori wekuGranada nekusava netariro. Saka, Nyanduri muNew York Inoonekwa sekuchema mukufarira rusununguko, runako uye rudo.
Kufa
Zvisikwa zvomumaguta—imbwa, zvikurukuru—zvinopedza mamiriro ezvinhu asina kujeka apasi pachivande new yorker. Imbwa hadzisi kupukunyuka nhamo dzakagadzirwa neyakabudirira budiriro, yakaparadzaniswa, inoda zvinhu uye unyengeri. Uyezve, nguva yacho haigone kuipa: Kusvika kwaLorca paivhu reNorth America kwakaitika manheru e1929 Crash.
Nekuda kweizvozvo, munyori wekuIberia akanzwa shungu dzakadzama paaifamba Harlem neshamwari dzake dzejazz kubva kuDiki's Paradise kirabhu. Maonero aya aionekwa muchii Lorca akadana "kudzvinyirirwa kwemunhu nemunhu" musango rinotonhora uye rakasviba rekongiri. Izvi zvakaita kuti pave nekupesana kwemberi nechiedza chezvakatipoteredza uye simba raakanga ajaira.
nhaurirano dzomukati
Unzenza hwaitambudzwa neveboka repasi hwakamutsa tsitsi dzemudetembi aizvinzwisisawo kuti akasungwa negungano. Zvichakadaro, Lorca akaburitsa pachena kupokana kwakagadzirwa nehungochani hwake pakati petsika dzakaoma dzenzanga dzepanguva iyoyo.
Zvinofanira kucherechedzwa kuti kuda kwaLorca pabonde kwagara kuri nyaya yekurukurirano yevanyori venhoroondo. Zvakawanda, iyo kutarisisa yaive chikamu chezvinyorwa (pamwe chete nekupomerwa hukama nemapoka emakomunisti) yakashandiswa nevaFalangist kuratidza kusungwa kwavo uye kuurayiwa kunotevera.
Basa rechokwadi chekusingaperi
Zvichemo zvakaratidzwa naLorca Nyanduri muNew York makore anoda kusvika zana apfuura vachiri vanzi nhasi. Zvirokwazvo, digitization haina kururamisa kusaenzana kukuru kwemagariro nepo vanonyanya kushomeka vachiramba vasingaonekwe mukati memufananidzo unoyevedza unofungidzirwa kune mamwe latitudes. Uyezve, kupokana uku kuri kuramba kuchienderera mberi mune mamwe maguta makuru akawanda ari panyika.
Kubva ku "Dusk at Coney Island"
Mukadzi mukobvu aive mberi
kudzura midzi nekunyorovesa dehwe remadhiramu;
mukadzi mukobvu
iyo inoshandura maoctopus ari kufa mukati kunze.
Mukadzi akafuta, muvengi wemwedzi.
yakamhanya mumigwagwa nemumafurati asina vanhu
ndokusiya madehenya madiki enjiva mumakona
uye yakasimudza hasha dzemabiko emazana emakore apfuura
uye akadana dhimoni rechingwa mhiri kwezvikomo zvedenga rakatsvairwa
uye kusefa chishuvo chechiedza mukutenderera kwepasi pevhu.
Ndiwo makuva, ndinoziva, ndiwo makuva
uye kurwadziwa kwekicheni yakavigwa pasi pejecha,
ndivo vakafa, the pheasants nemaapuro eimwe awa
vaya vanotisunda pahuro.
Nezve munyori, Federico Garcia Lorca
Federico Garcia Lorca.
Iye "nyanduri akafira kutenda» chakava chiratidzo chekupikisa pashure pokunge aurayiwa nedivi revapanduki panguva yeHondo Yenyika. Vanyori vezvakaitika kare vanodavira kuti kuurayiwa uku kwakaitika musi waAugust 18, 1936, mumugwagwa uri pakati peViznar neAlfacar, Granada. Nenzira iyi, hupenyu hwemudetembi kure mberi kweSpain yenguva yake uye imwe yemifananidzo yeGeneration ye27 yakadzima.
Neichi chikonzero, Hupenyu hwaFederico García Lorca hunogona kungotsanangurwa kubva paudiki hwake kusvika paudiki hwake, sezvo kukura kwayo kwaiva kupfupi. Akazvarwa muna Chikumi 5, 1898, muFuente Vaqueros, Granada. Akakurira mumhuri inotungamirirwa nemuridzi wemunda (baba vake) uye mudzidzisi (amai vake), izvo zvakamubvumira huduku hwakazara nekufamba mumaruwa, kuverenga, mimhanzi uye mufaro.
Pwere izere nekufamba uye mufaro wenjere
Muna 1914 Federico muduku vakanyoresa kuYunivhesiti yeGranada, ikoko akadzidza mabasa ePhilosophy uye Tsamba neMutemo. Munguva yake yekuzorora, shungu dzake dzekunyora dzakamuka apo aifamba neSpanish geography ari pamwe nevaaidzidza navo kuyunivhesiti. Panguva iyoyo, akapedza kunyora kwake kwekutanga, Zvinyorwa uye nharaunda (1918).
Gare gare, Lorca akararama kwemakore mashoma mune yakakurumbira Residencia de los Estudiantes muMadrid, kwaakasangana nevanoda Einstein naMarie Curie (pakati pevamwe). Naizvo, Pamwe chete nevaimbi nevakangwara vakadai saSalvador Dali, Rafael Alberti naLuis Buñuel, mudetembi weAndalusian aive chikamu cheiyo avant-garde movement. iyo yakapfuura kune chizvarwa pasi pezita re "The Generation of 27".
Tours dzeAmerica
Kupokana kwezvematongerwo enyika kwemunyori wechiSpanish ne hudzvinyiriri hwaPrimo de Rivera hwakamuita kuti abve kuSpain pakati pechirimo cha1929 nezhizha ra1930. Munguva iyi, akapa hurukuro achiswedera pedyo netsika uye vanhu venzvimbo dzakadai seNew York, Vermont, Miami, Havana neSantiago de Cuba.
Mukufanana, Lorca akanyora Nyanduri muNew York -yakabudiswa makore mana mushure mekufa kwake-uye, Mukati mekugara kwake muCaribbean, basa rake rakatanhamara remitambo rakanga riri Veruzhinji. Nyanzvi dzeGranada dzaizodzokera kuAmerican kondinendi muna 1933, paakaita mharidzo dzakabudirira dzezvidimbu zvake zvinoshamisa (uye nhamba yakanaka yemisangano) muBuenos Aires neMontevideo.
Kuvaka
Mabhuku enhetembo
- Nziyo (1921)
- Cante jondo nhetembo (1921)
- Ode kuenda kuSalvador Dalí (1926)
- Gypsy kudanana (1928)
- Nyanduri muNew York (1930)
- Kuchemera Ignacio Sánchez Mejías (1935)
- nhetembo nhanhatu dze galician (1935)
- rima rudo soneti (1936)
- Tamarit Divan (1940)
zvidimbu zvemitambo
- Butterfly Hex (1920)
- Mariana pineda (1927)
- Mugadziri weshangu anoshamisira (1930)
- Aritari yeDon Cristóbal (1930)
- Veruzhinji (1930)
- Saka makore mashanu anopfuura (1931)
- Rudo rwaDon Perlimplín naBelisa mubindu rake (1933)
- Ropa Muchato (1933)
- ngomwa (1934)
- Doña Rosita imwe chete kana mutauro wemaruva (1935)
- Imba yaBernarda Alba (1936).
Prose
- Zvinyorwa uye nharaunda (1918).