Mutsara naFederico García Lorca.
Kana mushandisi weInternet achitsvaga "Generación del 27 poemas", mhedzisiro inonongedza kune basa revanyori vakaita saPedro Salinas, Rafael Alberti kana Federico García Lorca. Kune zvekare zvinyorwa zvaDámaso Alonso, Jorge Guillén, Gerardo Diego, Emilio Prados, Vicente Aleixandre, Manuel Altoaguirre, Adriano del Valle, Juan José Domenchina naPedro García Cabrera.
Chinyorwa ichocho chinosanganisira zvisikwa zvevamwe vadetembi zvine chekuita nechizvarwa. Ivo ndiMiguel Hernández, León Felipe, José Moreno Villa, Fernando Villalón, Max Aub naJoaquín Romero Murube. Nenzira imwecheteyo, anoyevedza Chilean, Pablo Neruda aive akabatana zvakanyanya neboka revanoona nezvevanyori, kunyanya Salvador Dalí.
Chizvarwa che '27
Iri raive zita rakapihwa kune boka revavant-garde literati, vanyori uye vakadzidza rakabuda muna 1927. Basa revatangi varo -Pedro Salinas, Rafael Alberti, Melchor Sánchez Almagro naGerardo Diego-- aifanira kubhadhara mutero kuna Luis de Gongora 1561 - 1627, pakapera makore mazana matatu erufu rwake.
Vakatungamira musangano iri vaifunga kuti Góngora ndiye “anoburitsa pachena mabhuku eBaroque eGolden Age." ChiSpanish. Nekudaro, hunyanzvi hwekuzvarwa hwakakurukurwa naSalinas iye, uyo akasimbisa kuti nhengo dzeboka hadzienderane nepfungwa yaJulius Peterson ye "chizvarwa". Iyi dudziro yenhoroondo inotongwa neanotevera maitiro:
- Chinhambwe chidiki pakati pemakore ekuberekwa enhengo dzayo. Muchiitiko cheGeneration ye27, vamwe vacho vaive nemazera akasiyana kusvika pamakore gumi nemashanu.
- Zvakafanana zvedzidzo uye / kana hunyanzvi kudzidziswa. Kunyangwe mazhinji acho akabatana paMadrid Student Residence, ivo vaive tsika yehukama neyakajairika maficha uye uzivi hwakagovaniswa.
- Ukama hwehukama. Kutaura chokwadi, nhengo dzeChizvarwa chemakumi maviri neshanu dzakarongedzwa zvakanyanya muzvikwata zviviri kana muzvitatu; rakanga risiri boka rakabatana.
- Kupindira muzviito zvako zvehukama pamwe nekuvapo kwe "chiitiko chechiitiko", zvichikonzera kubatana kwezvido. Panguva ino, mutero wevatangi vayo kuna Luis de Góngora uye "Sin Sombrero" chiitiko ndicho zviitiko zviviri zvinonyanya kukosha yeboka.
- Kuvapo kwemutungamiri anozivikanwa (gwara).
- Hapana zvisungo kana kuenderera nechizvarwa chinotevera. Panyaya iyi, vadzidzi vanofunga kuti dzimwe nhengo dzayo - Miguel Hernández, semuenzaniso - vaive nhengo dzeGeneration ya'36. Saizvozvowo, Dámaso Alonso naGerardo Diego vakasara munyika mushure mehondo yevagari veSpain uye vakachengetedza hukama hwakati ne Mutsara waFranco.
- Mutauro wechizvarwa (zvakafanana maitiro).
Hunhu hwenhetembo dzeGesi re27
Vakabatanidzwa
Vananyanduri veGeneration ye27 vakazvitsaura nehukama hwavo uye zvematongerwo enyika. Naizvozvo, vaive vasiri vanyori vanokurudzirwa nekunakidzwa kwekuumbwa kwenziyo, nekuti mazwi avo aive nechinangwa chekutaurirana kushora munharaunda. Nekudaro, nhetembo - sehumwe hunyanzvi hwekuratidzwa kwesangano - yakava nzira yekutaura uye kuratidzira.
Quote naMiguel Hernández.
Maitiro aya anokonzerwa nekuchinja kweSpain mukati mehafu yechipiri yema1920s kunharaunda inofambira mberi, iine kodzero zhinji. Zvinoenderana, vanyori veChizvarwa chemakumi maviri neshanu vakaratidzira maitiro eimwe nyika inoda kwazvo kupinza munyika. Muenzaniso wedetembo rakazvipira idetembo "Kune wandinonyorera" na Vincent Alexander; chidimbu:
"Ini ndinonyorera avo vasingandiverenge." Mukadzi uya uyo
Mhanya uchidzika nemugwagwa kunge ndichavhura madhoo
mambakwedza.
Kana kuti harahwa iya inorara pabhenji pachivanze chiya
musikana mudiki, apo zuva rinonyura nerudo richimutora,
yakakukomberedza uye inokutsvedza zvinyoro-nyoro mumwenje yayo ”.
Kufambira mberi
Vananyanduri vesangano iri vaive nepfungwa inofambira mberi yezvinyorwa neunyanzvi mune zvese. Saka, vaida kugadzira mafomu matsva ekunyora kuitira kuti vape mavara matsva. Nekudaro, shanduko iyi haina kutsvaga kuzorora netsika, nekuti chinangwa chaisave chekuramba nhetembo dzeSpanish dzemazana emakore apfuura.
Anobatsira-garde
Vanyori veChizvarwa che'27 vakatsvaga kuzadzikiswa pakati pemaitiro enziyo mafomu uye ari kubuda masosi enzvimbo iyoyo. Sezvinei, ivo vaive varatidziri vanyori kune yakasimbiswa hurongwa, vachitsvaga dzimwe nzira dzekuona nekunzwisisa nyika. Mumwe weavo vakakurudzira zvakanyanya nhetembo dzaienderera mberi aive Pedro Salinas.
Pazasi pane chidimbu chenhetembo "Fe mía", naSalinas:
"Handivimbe neruva
bepa,
kakawanda zvekuti ndakazviita
ini nemaoko angu.
Ini handivimbe nemumwe
chokwadi rose,
mukunda wezuva uye mwaka,
mwenga wemhepo.
Yako yandisina kumbokuita
zvako zvavasina kumbokuita,
Ndinovimba newe, denderedzwa
inishuwarenzi isina kujairika ”.
Mamwe emasimba ane simba ari kubuda muGeneration ye27
- Kuongorora. Imwe yemienzaniso inozivikanwa kwazvo yenhetembo dze surrealist kubva muchizvarwa chemakumi maviri nenomwe ndiko kuunganidzwa kwenhetembo Nezve ngirozi (kusarudzwa) (1929), naRafael Alberti. Tevere, chidimbu chenhetembo "Los angeles colegiales":
“Hapana mumwe wedu akanzwisisa chero chinhu.
kana nei minwe yedu yaigadzirwa neinki yeChinese
uye masikati akavhara mabara ekuvhura mabhuku mambakwedza.
Isu taingoziva kuti yakatwasuka, kana iwe uchida, inogona kukombama kana kutyoka
uye kuti nyeredzi dzinodzungaira vana vasingateereri masvomhu ”.
- Dadaism
- Impressionism
- Kujekesa
- Futurism
- Cubism. Imwe yemasampula anozivikanwa ndeye calligram Ruva rerufu yakapihwa naFederico García Lorca apo isu tine ruzivo.
Akakudza nhaka yeSpanish Golden Age
Kunze kwezvambotaurwa Luis de Góngora, nhengo dzesangano dzakambundira zvekare zveQuevedo, Lope de Vega na Garcilaso de la Vega. Kubva pane aya ekare zvinyorwa, Chizvarwa che '27 vadetembi chakagadzira zvitaera zvitsva nekusanganisa iyo tsika neayo avant-garde ideology yenguva iyoyo.
Nhetembo dzakakurumbira
Vanenge vese vadetembi veGeneration ye27 vakaratidza kunamatwa kunobva pamwoyo kune akakurumbira mafomu enziyo.. Pakati pavo, Romancero uye yechinyakare Cancionero, pamwe nezvisikwa zvaGil Vicente naJuan de Encina. Muenzaniso weiyi miitiro unobatika muna Gerardo Diego's "El romance del Duero"; chidimbu:
"Iwe, mudhara Duero, unonyemwerera."
pakati pendebvu dzako dzesirivha,
kukuya nemadanana ako
kukohwa kwakashata ”.
Rusununguko rwekusika
Vananyanduri veGeneration yemakumi maviri neshanu vakaita nziyo nerusununguko rwakakwana padanho remetric uye muchimiro chestylistic. Pamusoro pe, vhesi yemahara yaiwanzoitika pakati pevanyori vesangano. Asi izvi hazvina kuvadzivirira kubva mukuwana wakachena (uye kunyange wakashongedzwa) mutauro. Ivo kazhinji vaishandisa madimikira kupa yavo surrealist mameseji uye zviratidzo zvakanyanya kusimba.