Nhetembo makumi maviri dzerudo uye rwiyo rwekupererwa

Pablo Neruda akapedza kunyora Nhetembo makumi maviri dzerudo uye rwiyo rwekupererwa paakanga achiri nemakore gumi nemapfumbamwe. Kunyangwe pahudiki hwake, mudetembi wechiChile akawana rwiyo rwakakwidziridzwa, rwakaratidzirwa nemhando dzake dzakakwirira dzekutaurirana uye neyakajeka zvinyorwa Kwete zvisina maturo, iri bhuku rinoonekwa serekurevesa mukati meSpanish American mabhuku.

Muchokwadi, panguva yekufa kwake munyori weSouth America (1973) Nhetembo makumi maviri dzerudo uye rwiyo rwekupererwa yakanga yatove nemakopi anodarika mamiriyoni maviri akatengeswa. Neichi chikonzero, Iyo ingangove ndiyo inonyanya kuverengwa muunganidzwa wenhetembo dzenguva dzese. Sekureva kwemunyori wezvekunyora Harold Bloom, Neruda ari - pamwe naFernando Pessoa anobva kuPortugal - mudetembi ane mukurumbira wezana ramakore rechiXNUMX.

Sobre el autor

Pablo Neruda ndiro zita rekunyepedzera raNeftali Ricardo Reyes Basoalto (Parral, Chile, 1904 - Santiago de Chile, 1973), akahwina mubayiro weNobel wemabhuku (1971). Nyanduri weChilean akasarudza iyi alias mukuremekedza mudetembi wechiCzech Jan Neruda. Muhupenyu hwake hwese hwekunyora akapfuura kubva pakudziya kwe Nhetembo makumi maviri kune kufungidzira kusingafadzi kwe Kugara Pasi Pano (1933-35).

Gare gare, akataura kuzvipira kwake mune zvematongerwo enyika uye zvemagariro mumabasa senge General imba (1950) isati yaenda kune yakajeka uye ine hungwaru kupfava kunoonekwa mu Elemental Odes (1954-57). Saizvozvo, shanduko idzi dzemadimikira nechitaira zvinoratidza kugadzikana kwanyanduri kana pachishandiswa matsva ekushongedza mukati mekugadzirwa kwake kukuru.

Kuberekwa, hudiki uye mabasa ekutanga

Akazvarwa muna Chikunguru 12, 1904. Mwedzi mushure mekuzvarwa kwake amai vake vakafa uye aifanira kuenda pamwe nababa vake kuguta reTemuco. Ikoko akaenda kuzvidzidzo zvake zvekutanga uye akasangana naGabriela Mistral, uyo akamuswededza padhuze nemhando huru dzezvinyorwa zveRussia. Nhetembo yake yekutanga yaive Rwiyo rwemafaro (1921), yakasainwa neayo alias e Pablo Neruda (yakanyoreswa zviri pamutemo muna 1946).

Saizvozvo, en Temuco akashanda kekutanga mupepanhau, akaenderera mberi nebasa muSantiago semupepeti we Kujeka, uko kwavakaburitsa nhetembo dzake dzinoverengeka. Mumuzinda weChilean akadzidza kuve mudzidzisi wechiFrench uye akawana mukurumbira wepasirese mushure mekutanga kwe Nhetembo makumi maviri dzerudo uye rwiyo rwekupererwa and of Kuedza kwemurume asingagumi.

Kufamba uye kusangana neGeneration ye27

Pakati-1920s, akatanga kubata mamishinari munzvimbo dzakadai seBurma, Singapore, Ceylon, uye Java.. Gare gare, aive kuSpain (1934 - 1938). Kwaakanangana nevanyori kubva kuGeneration of 27 vakaita saGarcía Lorca, Rafael Alberti, Miguel Hernández, Gerardo Diego naVicente Aleixandre, pakati pevamwe.

Munyika yeIberia akatanga magazini Bhiza Dzvuku reNhetembo uye akaita rutsigiro rwake kumaRepublicans kujekesa nebasa rake mu Spain mumoyo (1937). Pamusoro pe, Paakadzokera kuChile (1939) akazove nhengo yeCommunist Party. Muna 1945, akazova mudetembi wekutanga kugamuchira iyo Chilean National Prize yeMabhuku.

Makore ake ekupedzisira

Neruda akashandisa chinzvimbo chake muSeneti kushora matambudziko emagariro enguva yake, izvo zvakamuunzira kupokana nevakuru vezvematongerwo enyika vaitonga. Nekudaro, aifanirwa kukumbira hupoteri kuArgentina, gare gare akapotera kuMexico. Munguva yekutanga chikamu che1950s akatenderera USSR, China neEastern Europe. Akagamuchira mubairo weNobel weMabhuku muna 1971.

Gore rimwe chetero akarega chigaro chake chemutungamiri wenyika yeChile achitsigira Salvador Allende. Mutungamiri mutsva akamugadza kuva mumiriri kuParis. Zvisinei, akamanikidzwa kudzokera kuSantiago achirwara zvakanyanya makore maviri gare gare. Pamusoro pezvo, kufa kwaAllende nekuda kwekukwira kwaAugusto Pinochet kwakamubata zvakanyanya. Nyanduri akashaya musi wa Gunyana 23, 1973.

Analysis of Nhetembo makumi maviri dzerudo uye rwiyo rwekupererwa

Unogona kutenga bhuku pano: Hapana zvigadzirwa zvakawanikwa.

Maumbirwo uye maitiro

Muunganidzwa uyu wenhetembo unoumbwa nhetembo makumi maviri dzisina mazita, kunze kwe "Rwiyo rwekupererwa." Kana iwo mavara akaongororwa seyakazara, chiridzwa chinhu chebhuku hachisi chaicho mukadzi, ndeye yepasirese archetype. Ndokunge, munhu anodikanwa maringe nemunhu ane rudo (munyori). Kupfuurirazve, Neruda pachake akataura kuti pakurongeka kwake akaburitsa ndangariro dzehudiki hwake.

Kana ari style, Nhetembo makumi maviri dzerudo uye rwiyo rwekupererwa humbowo hwakafara maficha ezvinyorwa zvemazuva ano. Zvakanaka, iwo mavara anoratidza zviratidzo zvehunhu hutsva mundima, mushe mushe uye zvimwe zviyero zvekukosha. Nekudaro, iyo yakasarudzika yeiri basa rakava chirevo chevanyanduri vepashure.

Zviratidzo

• Kufanirwa kwezvikwata zveAlexandria.
• Kushandiswa kwendima mune hukuru hukuru uye, mune akati wandei, kweAlexandria.
• Kunyanya kukosha kwemazwi enziyo.
• Kushandiswa kwe sdrújulas uye mazwi akanyanya pakati pendima dzehunyanzvi hukuru.

Mhemberero

Rudo, iko kushuvira kwekufunga kwendangariro, uye kusiiwa zvinonzwika manzwiro mubhuku rese. Nenzira imwecheteyo, iyo yekupinda yenhetembo yakatakurwa neye eroticism yakatanga pakati pevadiki vadiki (uye kunyange vasina ruzivo) vadikani. Panguva imwecheteyo, nyanduri anotepfenyura madzinde echakanganwa nechidzitiro chinyararire chese chinonzwa.

Ukuwo, muviri wemukadzi unorapwa senzvimbo yakaorera yakakodzera kunyatsoongororwa nekurimwa. Iko iko kuda kwekutaurirana naye hakuna kumbogutsa zvizere. Nekudaro, izvo zvishuwo zvemutauri ane rudo (murume anoda iyo munda kuti airime) zvinoramba zviripo.

Chidimbu:

"Muviri wemukadzi, machena machena, machena zvidya,

unofananidzwa nenyika mumaonero ako ekuzvipira.

Muviri wangu wemurombo wemusango unodzikisira iwe

uye inoita kuti mwanakomana asvetuke kubva pasi penyika.

Ndakanga ndakangofanana negonhi. Shiri dzakanditiza

uye mandiri husiku hwakapinda mukati maro nechisimba ”

Rudo uye kusuwa kwemoyo

Nyanduri anogara achiratidza kupokana kwake maererano nekukanganwa uye kushuvira kuburikidza nemadimikira ane chekuita nehusiku nerima. Kupesana, mukadzi anodikanwa anoyeuka kurira kwemasikirwo, kunaka kwedenga, nyeredzi uye kurova kwemoyo kweupenyu kwakamutswa naye. Pamberi pemukadzi wake, nyanduri anozvipira nechido.

Chido kuburikidza neshoko

Chivimbiso chega chega chakapihwa nemukurukuri chinoda mazwi chaiwo anokwanisa kusvitsa kwete kwete kungoteerera nemuviri wemukadzi anodikanwa. Chaizvoizvo, chirevo nemutsara nyanduri anosvika panzeve yemukadzi wake aine shungu dzakasimba dzekusvika pakufungidzira kwake. Izvi zvinoonekwa mune inotevera snippet:

“Pamberi pako vakagara kusururo yaunogara,

uye vajaira kusuwa kwangu kupfuura iwe.

Zvino ndinoda kuti vataure zvandiri kuda kukuudza

kuitira kuti unzwe ivo nenzira yandinoda kuti undinzwe ”.

Izwi rechiito ndiro rinobatanidza

Izwi rinobva rave kudikanwa kusinganzvengeki kwenyaya yerudo. Naizvozvo, izwi rechiito rinomira sechiridzwa chinoshandiswa kushandura muviri usina simba kuita chinhu chine hupenyu uye ichibudirira. Panguva ino, rudo rwechokwadi - rusina zvishuwo zvese zvemuviri - rinozviratidza sekudikanwa kukuru kwerudo.

Kutya kusiiwa

Pakupedzisira, Neruda inotaura nezvekushungurudzika mumitsara inoratidza kutya kwekutanga kwevanhu: kunzwa kusiiwa. Ipapo, ndangariro dzekurwadziwa kwakapfuura dzinobuda semutoro uyo mudiwa asingazive nekutakura nekugadzirira muverengi rwiyo rwekupererwa. Heano mamwe mitsara kubva mudetembo rambotaurwa:

"Wakamedza zvese, kunge daro.

Kufanana negungwa, semamiriro ekunze. Zvose pamusoro pako zvakaputsikirwa nechikepe.