Ngowani nhatu dzepamusoro.
Ngowani nhatu dzepamusoro mutambo unovandudza rudzi rwemakomichi pakati penguva yakaoma muSpain uye muEurope. Maitiro aya matsva aigona kubhabhatidzwa pakati pezana ramakore rechimakumi maviri se "zvisina musoro". Uku kuratidzwa kwakaratidzirwa nekuvenga tsika dzechinyakare dzebourgeois theatre, kunyangwe isina kuzvibvisa pachezvayo kubva kuchirongwa chakajairika chinoumbwa nenzira, gakava uye mhedzisiro.
Yakanyorwa na michael mihura mu 1932, Ngowani nhatu dzepamusoro harina kubudiswa kusvikira muna 1947 uye danho rayo rekutanga raive muna 1952. Icho chinomiririra zvakaringana zvimwe zvinoitika zvenguva iyoyo, senge yakazvipira uye yemitambo yezvematongerwo enyika, inosiyaniswa nemisoro yayo yakakosha pamusoro pekupokana kwenzanga. Maitiro aya akamirawo nekusimudzira mutauro wedetembo senzira yekumutsa nekutaura mamoods.
Sobre el autor
Kuberekwa uye kutanga kutengeserana
Miguel Mihura akaberekerwa muMadrid, Spain, muna Chikunguru 21, 1905. Baba vake vaive mutambi anozivikanwa muguta guru reSpain, iro raakakurira achiziva kwazvo nharaunda yemitambo. Mabasa ake ekutanga aive semunyori uye muoni wemifananidzo mumamagazini senge Gutiérrez, Macaco, Kunaka Kwakanaka y Muchas gracias. Munguva ye1920s akashandawo semutori wenhau.
Kusvika kwe Ngowani nhatu copa
Muna 1932 zvakaguma Ngowani nhatu dzepamusoro, yaionekwa seimwe yeunyanzvi hwemitambo yekuSpain. Nekudaro, kuzivikanwa kwezvisikwa zvake hazvina kuitika nekukurumidza, zvakaitika makore anopfuura gumi mushure mekutanga nekutungamira magazini iyi pakati pa1941 na1946. Zvihuta, bhuku rinofungidzirwa nezvekukosha kukuru munhoroondo yekuseka kweSpanish.
Mamwe mabasa
Mamwe makomendi anozivikanwa naMihura anosanganisira Rarama kwenguva isingagoneke! kana akaundendi wemwedzi (sa co-munyori, 1939), Haasi murombo kana mupfumi, zvakapesana chaizvo (1943), Nyaya yemukadzi akapondwa (1946), Yakakura sarudzo! (1955), Maribel nemhuri isingazivikanwe (1959) uye Ninette uye mumwe murume anobva kuMurcia (1964), pakati pevamwe. Rusununguko, kusava nehanya netsika nemagariro ehukama uye kusunungurwa kwevakadzi inowanzova misoro munhoroondo dzake.
Kuzivikanwa uye makore apfuura
Basa rake razvino, Rudo chete nemwedzi zvinounza hupfumi, ndeyemuna 1968. Pamusoro pezvo, akabatira pamwe mukugadzira zvinyorwa zvemufirimu mune zvakakosha zvigadzirwa se Titambire Mr. Marshall (pasi pekutungamira kwaLuis García Berlanga). Miguel Mihura akasarudzwa mu1976 kuti atore chigaro K cheRoyal Spanish Academy yeMutauro, zvisinei, haana kusvika pakuverenga kutaura kwekunyorwa. Akafira muna Gumiguru 1977, kuMadrid.
Miguel Mihura.
Chirevo cheTatu Top Hats
Chiratidzo
Symbolism ndechimwe chezvinhu zvakasarudzika zvebasa rakagadzirwa naMihura. Mumumiririri wake fungidziro inoita basa rakakosha kuratidza nekukonzera manzwiro. Saizvozvo, rondedzero inosimbisa kupesana kwehunhu hwemagariro yenguva iyoyo, pamwe nedambudziko rekuzivikanwa rinogadzirwa nekukonana pakati pechitarisiko chakatarwa uye chokwadi.
Kujekesa
Hunhu hwekunzwisisa kwekuratidzira chinhu chinowanzoitika kana uchitsanangura psychology yevatambi. Izvi zvinodaro nekuti zvese zvinhu zviripo mupendi yega yega (mapato emanheru kana ngowani dzakarongedzwa neimwe nzira mukamuri, semuenzaniso) zvinomiririra zvehondo dzakatarisana mundangariro dzemumwe nemumwe.
Satire yacho
Dionisio, protagonist, anoratidzira gakava remukati rinotambudzwa nevanhu vazhinji kubva kumakirasi ehupfumi kana vachifanira kusarudza pakati pehupenyu hwakagara huripo - hunofinha, chaizvo - kana hupenyu hwehunyanzvi hune zvisungo zvishoma, zvisingafungidzirwe uye kutenderera. Munyori anoshandisa satire kuseka humbwende hweavo vanosarudza kugara mukuchengetedzwa kweanozivikanwa pachinzvimbo chekusava nechokwadi kunonakidza. Izvi zvinoyeuchidza nezve ChiSpanish comic theatre yezana ramakore rechiXNUMX.
Kuongorora kwehutsika hwehutsanana
Mukuvandudzika kwenyaya iyi, pane kugara kuchizvidzwa kune kwakajairika clichés uye corny commons yetsika dze puritanical uye nemitemo yeprotocol yemagariro eBourgeois. Ipapo, Mihura akashandisa mukana wecircus kuti aite fomula nyowani inodzorwa nenhamba dzeacrobatic, mimes, mutauro usina musoro uye fungidziro, saizvozvowo, matambudziko ezuva nezuva anoswededzwa nezwi rekuseka.
Imwe inofungidzirwa kumashure kwebasa
Sekureva kwaRosa Martínez Graciá naCaridad Miralles Alcobas (2016), "iro basa rakanyorwa nekuda kwekumanikidzwa kwerudo kurambana". Sezviri pachena, chokwadi uye fungidziro zvakasanganiswa pamwe nekufungisisa kwemunyori pamiganhu yehutsinye hwevanhu. Pfungwa dzakatorwa kubva ku "rwendo rwake nekambani yeAlady, ruzivo rwake rweimba yemumhanzi nevasikana vanotamba, pamwe nemamiriro ake epamoyo" zvakare zvinosangana.
Kubudirira kwechirongwa cheTatu Top Hats
Basa racho rakakamurwa kuita zviito zvitatu. Nhanganyaya inoratidza roorano isina kuenzana iri padhuze nekuitika, pakati pemurombo ane mukurumbira anoda kubvuma izvo zvinoumbwa netsika dzemabhunu nemukadzi wechidiki akapfuma. Nenzira iyi, protagonist (Dionisio) anotarisira kuona kugadzikana kwehupfumi pamwe nerunyararo kwehupenyu hwake hwese mushure memakore manomwe ekudanana.
Chiito i
Muchiito chekutanga, Dionisio anogara muhotera diki rematunhu zuva rakazoroora muchato wake pamwe naMargarita, mwanasikana waDon Sacramento. Panguva iyo Don Rosario - muridzi wehostel - anomuratidza iyo kamuri. Gare gare, Paula, mutambi akanaka uye ari chikamu chekambani yemagazini, anopinda. Pakutanga aida kumutengesa iye kuburikidza neBlack nhema. Asi Paula anokanganisa Dionisio semutambi nekuti ari kungoedza ngowani dzake dzepamusoro dzemhemberero paanoonekwa. Ipapo vamwe vasikana vese vekambani vanopinda muchiitiko uye Dionisio anotera mukuomerera kwaPaula kwekumukoka kumafaro anotanga zvine chisimba mukamuri rinotevera.
Quote naMiguel Mihura.
Chiito ii
Chechipiri chiito chinotanga naDionisio (atova nezvinwiwa zvishoma pamusoro) achifara kwazvo pakati pemutambo. Panguva imwecheteyo, kunetsana kunoitika pakati paPaula nenhengo dzinoverengeka dzekambani. Izvi zvinonyanya kukosheswa paanotsvoda Dionisio uyezve voita hurongwa hwekubva pamwechete. Chokwadi chinotaurirwa, Paula zvakare ane zvishuwo zvake zvekusununguka kubva paupenyu hwake hwakaomarara hwezuva nezuva semutambi.
Chiito iii
Muchiito chechitatu, kunyepedzera kwese kwaDionisio naPaula kunopera panobuda Don Sacramento. Anosvika achitsiura mukuwasha wake weramangwana nekusadaira nhare zhinji dzaakaitirwa naMargarita husiku hwese. Panguva iyoyo Paula anonzwisisa kuti Dionisio haasi juggler, nekuti muchokwadi ane muchato padhuze uye hupenyu hwese hwakarongwa.
Dionisio anonyatsoratidza kuti haadi kuroora. Asi Paula anomubatsira kupfeka uye anomutambidza ngowani yechina (zvinonyanya kukodzera, maererano nezvinodiwa nemusikana) zvaaimbotamba kuCharleston. Pakupedzisira, Dionisio anotungamirirwa naDon Rosario apo achikwazisa mutambi uyo akasara achifunga dzimwe ngowani nhatu dzepamusoro… iyo yaanokanda kumhepo nekuchema.