Mutsara naFélix Lope de Vega.
Mukadzi akapusa Icho chimwe chezvikamu zvepamusoro zvemitambo zvakagadzirwa panguva yeSpanish Golden Age. Iri basa rakagadzirwa naLope de Vega rakapedzwa kunyora musi waApril 28, 1613 (maererano nechinyorwa chekutanga). Nguva pfupi yapfuura, yakatanga kuratidzwa pachikuva muna Gumiguru 14 gore rimwe chete, vachitungamirwa nekambani yaPedro de Valdés.
Kufanana nezvakawanda zvezvimedu zvinowana kusafa, iwo chinyorwa pamberi penguva yawo. Muchirongwa chayo, mibvunzo isingafungidzike inobvunzwa mukati memashure-Renaissance Spanish nzanga. Pakati peizvi, chinonyanya kukosha ndechekuti basa revakadzi nderei munharaunda.
Munyori, Lope de Vega
Akazvarwa muMadrid munaNovember 25, 1562. Ndiye mumwe wevanyori vakakurumbira mumabhuku epasirese. Iye anonzi ane matatu "marefu" uye mana mapfupi enganonyorwa, mapfumbamwe epics, nhetembo nhatu dzedactic, mamwe 3000 neti uye mazana emitambo yemitambo. Sekureva kwemudetembi wechiSpanish uye munyori wemitambo Juan Pérez Montalbán, huwandu hwese hwezvikamu zvakanyorwa na Lope de Vega makore akapoteredza 1800.
Pamwe chete naTirso de Molina naCalderón de la Barca, anomiririra zenith yeBaroque theatre muSpain. Hunhu hwake hahuna kumboonekwa, akaumba hushamwari hwakakura nenhamba dzehunhu hwaFrancisco de Quevedo naJuan Luis Alarcón. Saizvozvo, aive "anokwikwidza" kwaMiguel de Cervantes, (munyori waDon Quixote akamuti "chikara chezvisikwa") uye aive neruvengo rwakakurumbira naLuis de Góngora.
El phoenix de ari njere
Simba remunyori weMadrid nemunyori wemitambo mukati mevanhu veSpain raive zvekuti akatowana "rukudzo" rwekuva protagonist wedzidziso yekutuka. "Ini ndinotenda kuna Wemasimbaose Lope de Vega, mudetembi wedenga nepasi" ... Ehe, bvunzurudzo - mukuzara "kubwinya" panguva iyoyo - yaisakwanisa kumira mushe. Saizvozvo, iyo ode yakarambidzwa muna 1647.
Nyanzvi dzebasa rake dzinosimbisa kuti munyori akatora chikamu muzvikamu zvake zvemitambo. Akaita izvi pasi pezita rekunyepedzera Berlardo, hunhu hunodzokororwa muzvidimbu zvake uye mukati mekunyepedzera kwevamwe vanyori. Mupfungwa iyi, chidimbu chinomira pachena Iyo phoenix yewits yakanyorwa muna 1853 naTomás Rodríguez Rubí. Akatove nekuvapo mu cinema nefirimu rakakurumbira na A. Waddington, lope (2010).
Hupenyu huzere nemakaka
Hupenyu hwake hwaive huzere nenyaya dzakawanda dzerudo. Vazhinji vavo vakamupa mukurumbira wekukanganiswa mukukuvadzwa kwezvidzidzo zvake kana mabasa ake kuDare. Inosanganisira, akaendeswa kuutongi kubva kuhushe hweCastile nekunyora runyorwa rwakateedzana nemumwe wevanomuda, uyo aive amusiya kuti apedzise roorano zvichibva pahupfumi.
Felix Lope de Vega.
Chinyorwa che Mukadzi akapusa akazviwanawo ari pakati pezvipingamupinyi izvi. Kunyangwe vasiri vese vezvakaitika kare vanobvumirana neiyi fungidziro, zvinonzi rugwaro rwekutanga rwaive chipo chakabva kumunyori wemitambo kumudiwa wake, mutambi wenhau Jerónima de Burgos, mudzimai wemutungamiriri wedariro Pedro de Valdés.
Mukadzi akapusa... kana simba rekudzidzisa rerudo
Lope de Vega akagadzira gakava rakakomberedza vaviri protagonists, hanzvadzi Nise naFinea. Vanofunga kutarisana nemachismo aripo mukati mevanhu veIberia, imwe neimwe ichitevera nzira dzakasiyana. Mukupedzisira, ivo vaviri vanowira mukuzvipira kusimba rerudo. Kune rimwe divi, Phinea anokwidza huchenjeri hwake uye anovimba zvakanyanya nenjere "hukuru."
Kutarisana nekusada kwake kwekukanganisa kuve mukadzi, Finea anozvipira kunyorera mune ingangoita nzira yekumanikidza. Pane rimwe divi, nise zvakaenzana inokwezva kune ungwaru, asi uchinyepedzera kunge benzi uye isina ruzivo (sezviri pachena inotorwa nemagadzirirwo emapato echitatu) Nekudaro, zvakadzika pasi pehunhu hwake chikamu chehurongwa hwekuchengetera kutiza nazvo.
Mukadzi akapusa.
Unogona kutenga bhuku pano: Mukadzi akapusa
Iko simba rekatatu regodo?
Panguva ino chokwadi cheLope de Vega zvine chekuita nevamwe vadzidzi venguva yake zvinoratidzwa. Zvakanaka, inounza godo sechinhu chinonzi neuralgic mukati mechikamu. Zvinopesana zvakanyanya neruzhinji rwezvidimbu zvechita ichi chakanyorwa mukutanga kwegumi nemanomwe zana. Nekuti kazhinji zvinokomberedza zvinongonzvenga rudo uye kudanana.
Kuburikidza negodo, munyori-akaberekerwa muMadrid anoongorora manzwiro akasviba evatambi vake. Ipapo, inoputsa nemafungiro evakadzi vasina pfungwa uye vasina annene, kana vanogumbuka vakatongerwa kusaroora kunonyadzisa. Kune rimwe divi, Nise naFinea vanopa zviyero zvakasiyana, ivo vanhu, kwete zvavo caricature mukutsvaga kunyemwerera kwepfupi kubva kune vateereri.
Naivety anopiwa mubayiro
Chikamu chemakakatanwa pakati pehanzvadzi hanzvadzi protagonists dze Mukadzi akapusa vanotarisa pazvipo zvinoratidzwa neumwe neumwe. Ipo Nise's - akagara nhaka kubva kuna baba vake, anokudzwa Octavio - ane mwero, Finea's inonakidza. Musiyano uripo ndewekuti wekare akangwara zvakanyanya, hunhu (hunofungidzira) hunopenya kune chero mukwikwidzi.
Kusiyana neyechipiri, asina ruzivo, achida rubatsiro rwakawedzerwa mukutsvaga kwake kuti awane murume akavimbika. Kana zvirinani izvi zvaive kufunga kweumwe babamunini vake kuti vamupe rudzi urwu rwe "muripo wakakosha". Naizvozvo, mari yakagamuchirwa nekutenda kune "yako naivety" inokwezva.
Kuchinjanisa basa
Kunetsana uye kupindirana kunoonekwa kana avo vanomhan'arira vachidanana nehanzvadzi dzevasikana vavo. Pakutanga, Phiseus, murume akapfuma ane hukama naFinea hwakabvumiranwa nababa vake, asi asina kumboziva mukadzi ari mubvunzo.
Ipapo Laurencio anoonekwa - mumwe murume munyoro (murombo), akadanana naNisa nekutenda kunhetembo yake- uyo anosarudza kukunda mukwasha wake, akabvutwa nemari. Izvo zviripo apo ungwaru "wakarara" we "benzi" unouya pamberi, zvichishamisa vagari vemo nevasingazive, mudiki pane hanzvadzi yake. Kuenderera mberi nekunetsa zvinhu, ma knights anobvumirana kuchinjanisa kwaizovatendera kuti vaone zvido zvavo zvazadzikiswa.
Basa richiri kushanda
Beyond yayo isina chokwadi nhoroondo kukosha, Lope de Vega mune zvese uye Mukadzi akapusa kunyanya, vanoramba vachishanda mumazana emakore akazotevera. Mutambo unopemberera chinzvimbo chake chakakomba - pakati pekuseka - pane machismo. Izvo zvinomiririra kushinga kwechokwadi mukati memagariro anochengetedza ane chirevo chakasimba chekuisa Mwari pakati pezvose.