Mukadzi wemambakwedza

Mukadzi wemambakwedza Icho chidimbu che melodramatic neSpanish Alejandro Rodríguez Álvarez (zvirinani kuzivikanwa pasi pechikuva zita Alejandro Casona). Icho chiri pamusoro pekufananidzwa kwerufu mumufananidzo wemukadzi akanaka kwazvo uye asinganzwisisike. Ndiani anopaza muchipfuva chemhuri kushandura hupenyu hwenhengo dzayo dzese.

Ukuwo, iri basa muenzaniso we "dramaturgy senzira yekunyora". Nekudaro, avo vanonyorera iwo matafura vanofanirwa kufunga nezve staging. Nekudaro, kunze kwekusiyana kuri pachena kwekutaurirana, zviripo hapana misiyano yakawandisa. Nguva dzose chinangwa ndechekutaura nyaya uye kusiya chimwe chinhu kune vanoona (zvinotsiva vaverengi mune izvi zviitiko).

Dramaturgy senzira yekunyora

Kubva kuGirisi yekare kusvika pakutanga kwezana ramakore rechiXNUMX, iyo yemitambo haina kunge iine makwikwi sekuratidzwa kwehunyanzvi kunodiwa neveruzhinji kupinda mune dzimwe nyika nenzira yemunharaunda. Mabhuku anonakidzwa ega. Kune rimwe divi, kutamba uye mimhanzi - kunyangwe zvichisanganisa zviitiko zveboka - tsvaga mufaro nekutenderera kuburikidza nedzimwe nzira.

Makore zana nemakumi maviri apfuura

Kuuya munyika ye cinematography muna 1895 kwakaunza shanduko mu "mukurumbira modhi". Mumakore gumi echipiri ezana ramakore makumi maviri, cinema yakava iyo "opiamu yevanhu vazhinji" maererano nevaraidzo. Unyanzvi hwekuita hwakadzorwa zvishoma nezvishoma kunzvimbo dzakapfigwa. Kunyangwe zvichishamisa vazhinji, ivo vakakwanisa kurarama muzana rekupedzisira.

Zvakare, mumavara echiSpanish eAmerica yemitambo haina kurasikirwa nesimba rayo chero nguva. Playwrights akaenderera mberi kuzunza vateereri nemagwaro anotenderera pasina muganho kubva pane isina kuchena kusvika kune yakanyanya hana yefilosofi kana huripo huripo. Mukati meichi chikamu chekupedzisira chinoonekwa Mukadzi wemambakwedzaNaAlejandro Casona.

Sobre el autor

Uyu Asturian akazvarwa muna 1903 uye akabhabhatidzwa saAlejandro Rodríguez Álvarez, ndezve kwakakurumbira Chizvarwa che27. Kuzvifunga kwekufamba kwevanyori veSpanish, vadetembi nevanyori vekutamba avo vakatora pamusoro penzvimbo yekunyora yeIberia kuma 1927. Chinangwa chake chaive chekusimbisa chimwe chezviratidzo zveGolden Age uye "baba" ve culteranismo, Luis de Góngora uye Argote.

Casona akagadzira huwandu hwebasa rake muLatin America. Mudziviriri weRepublic, akamanikidzwa kuyambuka Atlantic nguva pfupi kukunda kwemauto achitungamirwa naFrancisco Franco panguva yeHondo Yenyika. Akapfuura nepakati peColombia, Venezuela neCosta Rica asati agara kwenguva muMexico. Nekudaro, Buenos Aires raive iro guta kwaakaburitsa yakanakisa yebasa rake.

Mukadzi wemambakwedza: iyo inosarudzwa

Yakatanga muguta guru reArgentina muna 1944, munyori wemitambo haana kumbovanza kusarudzika kwake kwemusoro uyu pakati pezvese zvisikwa zveunyanzvi. Saizvozvo, inofungidzirwa seunyanzvi hwechokwadi nevazhinji vadzidzi veiyo genre. Iyo chidimbu chine yakajeka maficha echinyakare theatre uye yekumaruwa aesthetics, yakanyanya fashoni muLatin America mukati mehafu yekutanga ye1900s.

Pamusoro pezvo, rondedzero yese yakashongedzwa nekushinga nezvinhu zvakavanzika uye (zvinenge) zvinonakidza zvinhu. Uye zvakare, iyo yakavanzika uye iyo chaiyo dosi yemelodrama uye komedi inomiririra yegoridhe clasp. Seti yakasimba iyo inochengeta vateereri vakasungwa pazvigaro zvavo, vakamirira kuti vawane chokwadi chese.

Zvinyorwa zve Mukadzi weDawn

Mhuri inoshanda nesimba, yaimbofara uye ichipembera, maererano nehukama hwevanhu vayo. Asi kufa kwaAngelica — dangwe pane vanasikana vaAmai- kwakaunza kuchema kusingaperi. Kunyemwerera kwakarambidzwa kunyangwe nekuedza kwevanhu vese kuti vawanezve simba rekare. Kunze kwekungosara kwemubereki ari kuchema, uyo anotya kuti "kufambira mberi" inzira yekukanganwa.

Muzvokwadi, chakavanzika chinochengeta chokwadi chese chakavanzika, chinozivikanwa chete kuna Martín, murume akafirwa. Ipapo, mupilgrim anosvika pamba pemhuri. Kuvapo kwako kunova kosi yekubvisa jasi rekurwadziwa uye kupa nzira zvakare kune rudo. Hunhu uyo ​​anoraramawo kushamisika kwake, achiona zvinhu zvepasirese zvisingazivikanwe kwaari kusvika panguva iyoyo.

Analysis of Mukadzi wemambakwedza

Munyori anoshandisa chiito chakananga uye chekongiri, achishandisa zvishongo zvidiki muchimiro chemasekete asingabvumirwe kuchengetedza kuumbana kwenyaya. Yakasanganiswa neyakareruka zvakapusa - zvisiri nyore kuwana - mutambo wemhuri iyi unoshandiswa se "pembedzo" yakakwana yekuziva nezve hupenyu nerufu.

Chiyero

Rufu hachisi mufananidzo wekutaura mukati Mukadzi wemambakwedza, ndiye mutambi anotungamira. Iye mukadzi akazara nemanzwiro echokwadi, asingazive nezvekutambudzika kwake kunokonzerwa nekuita basa rake nemazvo. Naivete wevana vanoda kunyemwerera anovhura mikova yemoyo yavo.

Pakupedzisira, mukohwi akagomara anozvitsvaga sechikamu chakakosha chese chakaitika pasi pano. Iye chikamu cheyero yakakwana yehupenyu, iyo yekupedzisira yakaitwa mune mumwe mukadzi ane manzwiro. Inotungamira mukuita iro rimwe basa rakapihwa kurufu, asi zvichidzosera kumashure.

Taura izvo zvinodiwa

Iyi yemitambo inoda kutaura kwakawanda kuratidza manzwiro kumuoni. Kana zvasvika pamadrama ane nharo anoyambuka miganho yehupenyu huripo, vanyori vanomhanyisa njodzi yekuguma vafinha vateereri vavo nemafungiro akawanda.

Maumbirwo ebasa

Iyo yakapfava yakarongedzwa kune iyo staging yakapedzwa naCasona mune yake yakasununguka - pamwe chete nekwaniso yake yatotaurwa yekuita kuti chinhu chakaomarara chive chekrete inobvumira nyaya kuti ipfuure isina kuora musimba rayo chero nguva. Izvo zvinobatsira zvakanyanya kuchengetedza iyo ina-chiito chimiro mune icho chidimbu chakakamurwa kuve nyore uye fluidity.

Nhetembo dzaAristotle dzakashandiswa pakukwana. Kuwedzera simba pasina kukakavara, zvisingaite. Kusvika wasvika kumagumo necatharsis yayo yakakosha. Kusunungurwa, kuregererwa uye kuregererwa kwevanhu. Mhinduro dzevaoni.

Kufa nekutya

Mutambi wemitambo anojekesa kubva pachiitiko chechipiri (kune avo vatariri vasingakwanise kuzviwana mukutanga) kuti chinyorwa chake chiri chekufa. Asi kune yakaenzana inonzwisisika subtopic kumashure: kutya. Kwete kufa chete, asi zvakare kurarama.

Pasina kuwira mu "hurukuro yetsika" (chinhu chakajairika muchikamu chakanaka chemitambo inodhura) Casona anoshinga kuratidza simba rakaremara rechinhu ichi. Hazvibatsiri kana zvasvika pakurarama. Zvakaenzana kufa. Hazvigoneke kuve nerunyararo pasina kukunda kutya kwako; zvisinei nekwazvinobva kwavari.

Conservative theatre?

Alejandro Casona akadzokera kuSpain muma1960. Kudzoka kunoshandiswa nehurumende yeFranco sechiratidzo chekuvhura. Izvi zvakamutendera kuti aratidze basa rake "kumba". Akakohwa zvese zvaanofarira nezvaasingadi muuyero hwakaenzana. Vazhinji vakataura kukosha kwayo. Akaiswa pakukwirira kweumwe wevairarama panguva yake: Federico Garcia Lorca, inonyanya kukosha yezana ramakumi maviri emakore vanyori vekutamba veSpanish.

A kwete shoma vashoma nevatsoropodzi uye voruzhinji pachayo vakamudana anochengetedza. Chikamu chekusagadzikana kunogona kuwanikwa chaizvo mumukadzi wemambakwedza. Kunyange vari vakadzi vanopa hupenyu uye vari manyuko erudo, ivo vari zvakare vane mhosva yekutambura kukuru. Ndeipi nzira chete yekudzikinura mutadzi (munyori haatomboshandisa izwi iri) rufu (kuzviuraya)?