Moby-Dick.
Moby Dick, ivo Herman melville, inyaya yemurume akabatikana nekuvhima mhuka ine njodzi uye isinganzwisisike chena. Iye murume ari kutaurwa, Captain Ahabi, anoda kutsiva pane cetacean nekuti yakamudambura gumbo panguva yekumhanyisa makore apfuura. Iye ari mutungamiri wechikepe che whaling Iyo Pequod uye kufamba kwayo kwegungwa.
Bhuku rinorondedzerwa naIsmael, mukomana wechidiki wechikepe. Dzimwe nhengo dzevashandi ndeve Starbuck, Stubb uye Flash (wekutanga, wechipiri newechitatu mukuru wekuraira, zvichiteerana); hari, Queequeg, Tashtego uye Dagoo. Ivo vese vanobvuma kutanga bhizimusi rinofungidzirwa. Asi kana zviitiko zvikaoma, Ahabhi anoita kuti chinangwa chemamishinari chijeke: kutsiva kwake.
Munyori Bio, Herman Melville
Kuzvarwa, mhuri uye hudiki
Herman Melville akaberekerwa muNew York, USA, musi waAugust 1, 1819, mumhuri yakabva kumakurukota eScotland. Aive mwana wechipiri pakati paAllan naMaria Ganservoort Melvill (wechipiri "e" muzita akawedzerwa mushure mekufa kwababa muna 1832). Herman akakurira mumumvuri wemukoma wake mukuru, pachokwadi, pazera remakore manomwe amai vake vaimuona semunhu "anonetseka kutaura uye anononoka kunzwisisa."
VaMelvill vaida dzidzo yepasi rose kuvana vavo nekuda kwekuremekedzwa kwemhuri. Baba vaMaria vaifungidzirwa semurume akapfuma kwazvo muAlbany, New York, zvakare semhare yeChimurenga Hondo. Kune rimwe divi, Allan Melvill aive nhengo yeBoston Tea Party, aigara achiedza kuchengetedza chitarisiko uye chinzvimbo chemhuri.
Vechidiki uye kudzidziswa
Mabhizinesi emhuri akave akaomarara zvekuti Allan Melvill akafa muna Ndira 1832 akakundwa nekushushikana uye nezvikwereti zvinorema. Maria akafirwa nevanakomana vana nevanasikana vana. Nekudaro, ivo vanakomana vaviri vakuru vaifanira kushanda. Wechidiki Herman akashanda seanogamuchira kubhengi kusvika 1935 uyezve muchitoro chemhuri iye achienda kuAlbany Classical Chikoro.
Zviitiko zvake zvekutanga pagungwa
Muna 1837 akaita kuyambuka kwake kwekutanga kuyambuka gungwa kuenda kuLiverpool. Mushure megore, akadzokera kuUnited States kunoshanda semudzidzisi. Muna 1941 akatanga kwegore nehafu pane whaler kuyambuka maSouth Seas. Iyo nhambo yakaguma nemwedzi pakati pevanodya vanhu muMarquesas Islands. Akakwanisa kutiza akakwira ngarava yekutengesa yeAustralia, asi aifanira kugara mutirongo kwemavhiki akati wandei aburuka muTahiti.
Muna 1943, Herman Melville akanyorera kuHonolulu (Hawaii) sechikamu chevashandi veUS Navy frigate. Hupfumi hwakadai hwezviitiko semufambisi wengarava nemusoja zvakamufemera kuti anyore nekuburitsa zvinyorwa zvake zvekutanga. Neiyi nzira, ivo vaioneka type (1846), omoo (1847), Chipiri (1849), redburn (1849) uye Hondo yevarungu (1850).
Musoro wekushomeka we Moby Dick
Mukutanga kwema1850 akagara muMassachusetts nyika yepurazi imba. Ikoko akaumba hushamwari hwepedyo nemunyori Nathaniel Hawthorne, uyo waakatsaurira hunyanzvi hwake. Moby Dick (1851). Nekudaro, iro chena whale bhuku harina kuunganidza akawanda kutengesa. Chaizvoizvo, kuongororwa kwebasa raMelville kwakauya mushure mekufa kwake. Chii chimwe, yake inotevera posvo, Pierre (1852), yaive kukundikana kukuru.
Makore akati gare gare, Herman Melville akaburitsa bhuku rekuunganidza rengano dzake dzakanakisa mu Tales kubva kuPiazza (1856), iyo inosanganisira wongororo pfupi nezveGalapagos Islands. Nehurombo, kutengesa kwemabhuku ake hakuna kumiririra mari yaimutendera kuti azviriritire chete kubva pakunyora. Naizvozvo, akashanda semuongorori wetsika muNew York pakati pa1866 na1885.
Zvinyorwa zvake zvazvino
Kunyangwe aive nechiteshi chengarava, Herman Melville akakwanisa kutumira Mativi ehondo (1866) uye Clarel (1876). Nhoroondo yake yazvino, Billy Budd, mufambisi wengarava (1924), akaipedza mwedzi yakawanda asati afa, yakaitika muNew York munaGunyana 28, 1891. Nhasi, Melville inozivikanwa sevamwe vevanyori vekare veAmerica.
Analysis of Moby Dick
Mafungiro enguva yacho
Iyo portal PSHschool.com (Chikunguru 2015) inoti: "Munguva yaMelville, kaputeni wengarava aive nesimba risingaperi." Wese munhu aive muchikepe aizviziva izvi uye kana paine kusawirirana ivo vaidzivisa chero kunangana kwakananga nemukuru wemauto. Zvikasadaro, kushaya hanya kwemirairo yavo kwakakonzera kunyadziswa zvisina tsarukano uye / kana zvirango zvakakomba.
Hermann Melville.
Pasi pemitsara iyi yesimbi yekuraira kudyidzana kwevatambi ve Moby Dick. Mupfungwa iyi, Veronica Faller anotaura mune yake chinyorwa (2013) yemusangano "Whale" hunhu hwe "murume uye hushamwari" hunobatika mubasa. Saizvozvowo, Faller anoona kuti “kusavapo kwevakadzi mu Moby Dick"Inotora kubva kuzvikonzero zviviri chaizvo:" kudiwa kwekugamuchirwa uye kudiwa kwekutongwa ".
Symbology
Vanachiremba, Meenakshi Sharma Yadav (King Khalid University) naManoj Kumar Yadav (vakazvimiririra), vanonyatsotsanangura zviratidzo zviri mubasa iri. Mune yake posvo yeiyo International Zvinyorwa zveLinguistics, Zvinyorwa uye Shanduro (2019), vaongorori vanotsanangura kuti chena ruvara runoratidza kuchena uye kunaka kwengirozi.
Asi chena inogona zvakare kuve munhu wedzinza, rusaruro, kuomarara uye chero kumiririrwa kwakaringana kwemitemo yezvakasikwa. Mukupedzisira, iyo chena sperm whale haikunde nekuti iratidziro yekutsamwa kwaMwari. Kwete, Moby Dick anokunda nekuda kwekugona kwake kugadzirisa pane zvimwe zvisikwa zvepanyika (varume) vanonyepedzera kumupikisa mugungwa.
Synthesis ye Moby Dick
kudzidziswa
Zviitiko zvinotaurwa nemufambisi wechikepe Ismael mumunhu wekutanga, uyo ari kutsanangura kugara kwake pachitsuwa cheNantucked, kumahombekombe ekumabvazuva kweUnited States. Pakutanga inoratidza kukwezva kwayo isingaregereki kugungwa ndichiri kuunza vaviri vevanyori vebhuku iri: maharupu Queequeg naMapple. Naiye wekare anoumba hushamwari hwepedyo uye anotanga iyo pequod, whaler diki ine kaputeni asinganzwisisike uye akachengetedzwa.
Pane imwe ngarava, Ismael naQueequeg vanosangana nevamwe vashandi: Petty Officer Starbuck, Second Sailor Stubb, uye Wechitatu Officer Flash. Kuwedzera, iyo pequod Iine mahabhu maviri: Tashtego (weNorth American Aquinnah Wampanoag dzinza) uye Dagoo "wemuAfrica". Kaputeni Ahabu anoita seanotyisa uye asina kugadzikana anoonekwa chete mushure memazuva akati wandei mugungwa.
Herman Melville akatorwa.
Chinangwa chikuru
Ahabhi anoteedzera chakanangwa chake nechishuwo chakadai - kana kuti, kuda - zvekuti anopedzisira atapurira vashandi vese. Izvo ndezve yakakurumbira Moby Dick, yakamboonekwa neQueequeg uye nemamwe maharponi. Panguva ino, Ahabhu anoreurura kuvarume vake basa rakasarudzika uye rechokwadi rerwendo: kuuraya chena chirume whale.
Starbuck chete ndiye anoramba akangwarira nekuti anoziva chinangwa chemutungamiriri (kutsiva gumbo rakarasika kuruboshwe) uye kutya kuvimbika kwevaanotamba navo. Kuvanza vavariro yake, Ahabhu anoraira vashandi kuti vataure chero chirume whale kuona. Chinhu chinonyanya kushamisa pamamiriro ezvinhu ndiko kuwanikwa kwevashandi vakavanzika avo vanga vachiyambuka nevamwe vachitungamirwa nePersia Fedallah.
Kucherechedza uye zvakaipa
Ahabhi anokatyamadza vashandi vese vaJehovha pequod apo iye pachezvake anokwira chimwe chezvikepe zveharupu mukupisa kwe whaling kuuraya fever. Gare gare, rwendo rwunozadzikiswa neimwe chikepe, iyo Albatross, asi ruzivo rwunopihwa navo nezve chena whale hazvinzwisisike. Zvisinei, Ahabhi nevafambisi vake vechikepe vanowana chiratidzo chakasimba ... asi zvinobva zvaita hofori octopus.
Kuvapo kwemahombekombe akakura kunodudzirwa sechiratidzo chakanaka naQueequeg, uyo anobatanidza cephalopods nezvikara zvavo: sperm whale. Panzvimbo iyoyo, ye Starbuck inomiririra fungidziro yakaipa. Pakati pekuuraya spree iyo yakapofumadza vangangoita vese vashandi ve pequod, vanovhima hombe dema dema whale. Nyama yeodontocete inotakurwa padivi pechikepe.
Kutenda mashura?
El pequod Anochinja kwechinguvana chinangwa chake kudzingirira whale yakabhururuka nekuda kwekufungidzirwa kwakanaka mashura anoshandiswa naFedallah. Inosanganisira kusunga zvisaririra zvesperm whale uye boreal whale kumativi echikepe. Nechikonzero ichi, Ahabhi anorega nemaune kuraira kwemutungamiriri weJerobeam, uyo akamutsiura kuti asasangane neMoby Dick.
Parizvino, Stubb naFlash vanofungidzira kuti iye asinganzwisisike Persian ndiye zvechokwadi dhiabhori iye (akatenga mweya waAhabhi). Mumazuva akatevera, zviratidzo zvakaipa hazvina kumira kuzvidzokorora: mumwe whaler akaparadzwa pakati pekuvhima, vakakuvara vavakashanda navo nevatyairi vaityaira. Zvichakadaro, mutsauko uripo pakati peStarbuck nemutungamiriri wayo wave kuramba uchionekwa, sezvo Ahabu asingaite kunge ari kutsvaga zvakanakira vafambisi vake.
Mazuva matatu ekusindimara kunouraya
Ahab, pachinzvimbo chekuteerera yambiro yakajeka yemutungamiriri weBritish whaler (we Fara) yakatemwa naMoby Dick, inotora ngano yayo seyekupedzisira chiratidzo. Chokwadi, nguva pfupi yapfuura iyo pequod bata pamwe naMoby Dick. Pakarepo, magwa anopinda mumvura kuti atange kuuraya, asi chirume whale chinoparadza chikepe chaAhabhi, uyo anongokwanisa kuzvinunura nekuda kweStubb. Zuva rinowedzera mamwe mazuva maviri.
Kunyangwe Moby Dick paanopwanya gumbo raAhabhi rekugadzira, kaputeni haakwanise kuona chikonzero. Pazuva rechitatu, Ahabhi anokwanisa kukanda sperm whale, ipapo, inorwadza cetacean inoparadza ruoko rwe pequod, iyo inotanga kunyura. Pakupedzisira, Ahabhi anotyaira pfumo rinouraya muMoby Dick, asi rinozobatirirwa netambo yeharupu uye rinonyura. Muponesi mumwe chete ndiye asara kuti arondedzere zviitiko izvi: Ismael, akarerwa nebhokisi Queequeg raakange azviitira uye akanunurwa nemumwe whaler