Meya weZalamea.
Meya weZalamea iri, pamwe ne Hupenyu kurota, chisikwa chechiratidzo chikuru che Pedro Calderon de la Barca. Munyori wemitambo weSpanish ndiye mumwe wevamiriri vakuru vezvinyorwa zvebaroqueism, ane basa reiyo inonzi Golden Age. Inogamuchirwa nevanyori venhoroondo senguva yekunaka kukuru kwemabhuku mumutauro wechiSpanish.
Iyi nguva yenyasha yakatora makore anopfuura zana. Zvakatanga kusvika kumakore gumi ekupedzisira ezana ramakore rechi XNUMX, zvichifambirana nekusvika kwaColumbus kunzvimbo dzeAmerica. Kufa chaiko kwemunyori uyu - kwakaitika muna 1861 - kwakaratidza kupera kwenguva.. Pakati pemazuva maviri aya nyika yakasangana nemhando dzekare dzechimiro che Don Quixote naMiguel de Cervantes kana isu tine ruzivo.
Sobre el autor
Zvinoenderana nemunyori iye asati afa, pakanga paine zvikamu zana zvemitambo zvaakanyora munguva yehupenyu hwake. Kuwedzera kumadrama uye ma comedies - "subgenres" iyo iri yayo Meya weZalamea- Chinyorwa ichi chinosanganisira masakaramende mota, pamwe nepfupi mitambo yemitambo (matambiro, hors d'oeuvres, jácaras uye mojigangas).
Meya weZalamea, "Remake"?
Unogona kutenga bhuku pano: Hapana zvigadzirwa zvakawanikwa.
Ehezve, negore chikamu ichi chakanyorwa (dzinenge 1635) izwi rekuti "remake" yaive nzira refu kubva mukugadzwa. Zvishoma zvishoma kuSpain. Asi Nenzira inoshanda, izvi ndizvo chaizvo zvakaitika ne Meya weZalamea.
Calderon de la Barca Inotanga kubva pakupokana kwakajairika kwenguva uye inopa yayo vhezheni. Anoenda zvakatowanda: anotora mutambo une zita rimwe chete naLope de Vega, anonatsiridza mavhesi, anodarika zvimwe zviitiko zvisina basa uye anowedzera kuvhara kwekupedzisira kwaro.
Nharo, nenyaya yechapupu
Basa racho rinoitika mukati meyakaitika mamiriro, saka, dzakasiyana nhoroondo vatambi vanotora chinhano. Hunhu vakapindira mune yega nyaya mitsarandiko kuti, pamwe nezvimwe zviitiko zviri chikamu che "sub-plots". Iyo, yaizivikanwa zvakanyanya nevateereri vemakereke ekutanga mukati megumi nemanomwe century.
Mamiriro ekuchinja mukati menyaya
Gore ra1580. Mambo Felipe II weSpain, - munhu akangwara kwazvo, sekufunga kwevanhu vake - anoenda kuPortugal kunogadzwa samambo werudzi irworwo. Rufu rwaSebastián I (1578) uye rweakamutsiva, Enrique I (1580), rwakasiya nyika ino yapinda munyatwa yekuteedzana.. Pamberi pekusarudzwa kwemutsivi nematare ePortugal, mambo weSpain akatora chigaro.
Pakati chaipo pekuendeswa kwake kuLisbon kuti agadzwe korona, mauto ake akamira paZalamea. Guta riri muExtremadura, padyo chaizvo nemuganhu. Ikoko, Captain Don Álvaro de Ataide anotambira pekugara mumba maPedro Crespo, mupfumi akapfuma munzvimbo iyi. Kujekeswa kwakakosha: "villain" nekuti iye murume anobva mumusha, kwete nekuti iye ane hunhu hwakashata.
Kutanga kushanduka
Murume wemauto anodanana naIsabel, mwanasikana wemuridzi wemba yaari kugara achizivisa rudo rwake kwaari. Asi iye anomuramba. Atarisana nekuramba, Don Álvaro anotapa musikana uye anomutsamwisa (Iyi mhando yezvikamu zvaive zvakajairika panguva ino. Nekudaro, Felipe II pachake akapa chirevo chairambidza nhengo dzeuto rake kushungurudza vakadzi, vachityisidzirwa nekupfurwa).
Pedro Calderón de la Barca.
Crespo, paakadzidza zvakaitika, akakumbira kaputeni kuti aroore mwanasikana wake. Izvi hazvisi zvekungojekesa zita raIsabel; muchokwadi, murimi akapfuma anoda kudzorera rukudzo rwake. Pakati pekukumbira, anopa kuendesa zvese zvake - zvakakurisa - ndiani aizove mukuwasha wake. Asi kupihwa kwacho kunorambwa nekuzvidza, nekuti Don Álvaro murwi wevarwi.
New inflection
Don Álvaro anozviona sechinhu chidiki kuve ishe wepfuma yemurombo. Uyezve, anochengetedza iwo maonero akafanana maererano nemhandara yakashatirwa naiye. Asi nguva pfupi yapfuura Crespo anogadzwa Meya weZalamea. Kuzvidzivirira pachinzvimbo chake chitsva, anosarudza kutora ruramisiro muruoko rwake; inoraira kusungwa kwekukasika kwaCaptain nekuurayiwa kwake
Mhinduro yekupedzisira
Meya wevagari haana mutemo mukati memamiriro ehondo. Nekudaro, izvo zvinopihwa naCastro, mukufunga, hazvisi pamutemo. Kusimbirira kwameya kuti asimbise mutongo wake, kunounza kupokana nehutungamiriri hweuto rehumambo izvo zvinoisa kuvimbika kweguta panjodzi. Asi kana zvese zvaratidzika kunge zvarasika, Felipe II anoita chimiro uye anotora matanho panhau iyi.
Mambo, kunyange achisimbisa kuti Castro akanganisa mumafomu, anobvumirana naye. Anosimbisa mutongo usati wapiwa, Don Álvaro de Ataide anourawa nemakirabhu. Hazvishamisi kuti rimwe remamwe mazita eiri basa rakanyatsojeka Iyo yakanyanya kupihwa kirabhu.
Anotambudzwa nemhosva
Pasinei nekutenda kwakagamuchirwa nemubati chibharo, mudiki Isabel anogamuchirawo chirango. Anotumirwa kunotora hupenyu hwake hwese akavharirwa mumusha wemamongi. Chikonzero chakakonzera danho iri baba (avo vakagamuchira chinzvimbo chameya anogara kubva kuna mambo). Ipapo chete ndipo paanozoona kukudzwa kwake uye kwemhuri yake kuchidzorerwa.
Kutaura pakati pemitsara
Mutsara naPedro Calderon de la Barca.
Meya weZalamea akawana chimwe chinhu chinoratidzika kunge chisingakwanisike kune vanyori vemitambo panguva iyoyo: kusiya vanokudzwa vachifara uye vachigutsikana, kufanana nevarimi. Nzvimbo dzinotarisana zvine hukasha muSpain kubvira pamberi peMiddle Ages. Saizvozvo, ivo vane mukurumbira maartist uye vakadzidza venguva iyoyo havana kunyara kubva ichi chinyorwa.
Mune fungidziro - senge muhupenyu chaihwo - vatongi vaigara vachikunda. Vazhinji vevarume vetsamba vaive veiyi yakasarudzika kirasi yemagariro. Panguva imwecheteyo, vekunze vaifarira kwazvo kuchengetedza "machinda" aya vachifara.
Kukudzwa
Kutungamirirwa neako wega ego, protagonist wenyaya ane chinangwa chimwe chete chekupedzisira: kudzorera kukudzwa kwake. Mwanasikana wake anoshungurudzwa haisi mhosva kwaari; akabatwa chaiye ndibaba. Mamiriro ezvinhu akatsigirwa nevakuru veSpanish, zvisinei kubva kuRenaissance. Chido chakateedzerwa nemurume wenyika (mupfumi, asi murombo, mushure mezvose) saPedro Castro.
Chero zvazviri, Calderon de la Barca akakwanisa kufadza zvakanyanya ne Meya weZalamea "MaMoor nemaKristu." Mupfungwa iyi, zvingangoita kuti aya "hunyengeri" mukati mekutaura kwake haana kucherechedzwa kusvika nguva yakareba gare gare.
Basa reantimilitarist?
Kune avo vanoyambuka Meya weZalamea sekutaura kunopesana nemauto. Zvakadaro, padhuze nekuperera kwenyaya murondedzeri ndiye anoita basa rekukunda iri zano. Mwanakomana wedangwe waCastro - murume anogara asina pekugara asina chinangwa muhupenyu - anonyorerwa muuto rehumambo. Ivo baba, kure nekuzvidemba, vanopemberera ichi chiito.
Castro anotenda kuti chaizvo iyo yemauto institution inobvumidza vana vayo kuti vazive hunhu hwehupenyu. Zvakare, usati watambisa nguva, zvirinani kushandira mambo wako. Kunyangwe zvisina kunyatso kujeka, zviri pachena kuti munyori anosimbisa izvi nekuda kwekutenda kana ndechimwewo chinyararire chakavanzika pakati pehurukuro dzehunhu hwake hukuru.