"Mashoko aJulia" inhetembo ine mukurumbira yakanyorwa nemunyori wechiSpanish José Agustín Goytisolo (1928-1999). Iyi nhetembo yakaburitswa muna 1979 sechikamu chebhuku rine zita rimwe chete Mashoko aJulia. Chinyorwa ichi chakanyorerwa mwanasikana wake seyeti yekufara pamberi pechinhu icho, pachacho, nyanduri aiziva akamumirira murwendo rwehupenyu pachahwo, kunyangwe paakanga asisiri padhuze kana mundege iyi.
Nhetembo yakatora mukurumbira mukuru munguva pfupi. Uku ndiko kwaive kuita kwaro kuti Yakashandurwa kuita rwiyo nevanyori vakaita saMercedes Sosa, Kiko Veneno naRosa León. Zvakare rakatanhamara pakati pevatambi iboka Los Suaves, Soleá Morente naRosalía, kungodoma vashoma. Chinyorwa, nhasi, chinochengeta iwo mumvuri wetariro mukutarisana nedambudziko kune chero munhu anouya kuzoirava.
Hupenyu hwehupenyu hwemunyori
Kuberekwa uye mhuri
José Agustín Goytisolo Gay akazvarwa musi waApril 13, 1928 muguta reSpain reBarcelona. Aive wekutanga pavana vatatu vaJosé María Goytisolo naJulia Gay. Vakoma vake vaviri, John Goytisolo (1931-2017) naLuis Goytisolo (1935-), zvakare vakazozvipira kunyora. Ivo vese vakawana mukurumbira munharaunda yechiSpanish yekunyora.
Zvemari kutaura, mhuri yaigara zvakanaka. Zvinogona kutaurwa kuti vaive vevamiriri veSpanish venguva iyoyo. Hwehudiki hwake hwakapfuura pakati pemabhuku uye nharaunda inokodzera kukura kwake kwehungwaru.
Panguva yekushomeka yemakore gumi, munyori wenguva yemberi akarasikirwa naamai vake, semhedzisiro yekurwiswa kwemhepo kwakarairwa naFranco kuBarcelona. Chiitiko ichocho chakaratidza zvachose hupenyu hwemhuri. Uye zvakare, yaive chikonzero chakatungamira munyori kubhabhatidza mwanasikana wake ane zita rekuti Julia. Ehezve, kuomarara kwechiitiko kwakakonzerawo kugadzirwa kunotevera kwenhetembo "Palabras para Julia".
Studies
Zvinozivikanwa kuti Goytisolo akadzidza kuYunivhesiti yeBarcelona. Ikoko akadzidza mutemo, uyo waifanira kunge wakaguma muMadrid. Muguta rekupedzisira, aigara munzvimbo yaigara meya weColegio Nuestra Señora de Guadalupe. Paaive mune izvi zvivakwa, akasangana nevanyanduri vehunhu hwaJosé Manuel Caballero Bonald naJosé Ángel Valente, wavakagovana navo pamwe nekubatanidza chiratidzo pamwe nesimba reGeneración del 50.
Goytisolo uye Chizvarwa che50
Kunze kwaBonald naValente, Goytisolo akapuruzira mapendekete nehunhu hwenhetembo saJaime Gil de Biedma, Carlos Barral naAlfonso Costafreda. Navo, nevamwe vazhinji vanozivikanwa nenhoroondo, mudetembi uyu akatora chinzvimbo chebasa rake senzvimbo yekusimudzira shanduko inodiwa yezvematongerwo enyika inodiwa nesangano reSpain.
Ichi chizvarwa chemettle chakange chisina kuganhurirwa pakuve chaicho chimiro cheSpanish kugona. Kwete, asi vakazvipira mukutarisana nenyaya dzakaomarara idzo, mumakore apfuura, uye kunyangwe panguva imwe chete yavakaburitsa, zvinogona kureva mutengo wehupenyu hwavo.
Kutanga kwezvinyorwa zvake uye chiratidzo chake pane zvinyorwa
Paive pazera ramakore makumi maviri nematanhatu José Agustín Goytisolo achipaza zviri pamutemo mumunda wenyika yake. Kunyangwe akange atoburitsa nhetembo dzinoverengeka uye akaita kugona kwake kwetsamba kuzivikanwa, maive muna 1954 paakakanganisa chiitiko chekunyora cheSpanish Dzoka. Chinyorwa chakamupa iye wechipiri Adonáis Award.
Kubva ipapo zvichienda mberi mabasa anosvika makumi maviri, achive Mashoko aJulia (1979) imwe yeanonyanya kukurudzira muSpanish nepasirese inozivikanwa tsika. Zvakare zvakasimbiswa Husiku hwakanaka (1992), basa rakabvumidza munyori kuhwina mubairo wevatsoropodzi (1992).
Rufu
Mushure mehupenyu hwapfuura pakati pevississitudes uye mufaro, kubudirira kukuru uye nhaka huru, kufa kwanyanduri kwakauya zvinosuwisa. Kune zvakawanda zvekufungidzira zvinotenderera pakuenda kwekutanga kwemunyori. Kwaive kuzviuraya. Aingova nemakore makumi manomwe ekuberekwa uye zvakaitika mushure mekuzvikanda nepahwindo mumba make muBarcelona. Mutumbi wakawanikwa paMaría Cubí Street. Kune avo vanotaura nezve mufananidzo unoshungurudza, uye vanotsigira chinzvimbo chavo mumutsara wakaburitswa nemunyori mumwechete pazuva rake rekuzvarwa.
"Dai ndaifanira kudzokorodza zvese zvandakasangana nazvo, ndaitoda kusazvionazve."
Ichokwadi ndechekuti peni yake yaive ichine hunyanzvi hwakakura, sekusimbiswa nebasa rake razvino, Mhumhi yakanaka (1999). Izvi zvakaburitswa makore matatu mushure mekubva kwake. Rufu rwake runosiya gomba mumavara echiSpanish, asi mabasa ake uye nhaka yake zvinomutendera kuti ave nehupenyu zvakare kazhinji sekubvumirwa nehana.
Pedzisa mabasa aJosé Agustín Goytisolo
Basa rekunyora remunyori wechiSpanish uyu rakanga risiri diki. Pano iwe unogona kuona ake akazara mabasa uye posthumous zvinyorwa:
- Dzoka (1954).
- Mapisarema kumhepo (1956).
- Clarity (1959).
- Makore ekutora (1961).
- Chinhu chinoitika (1968).
- Kushivirira kwakaderera (1973).
- Architecture Musangano (1976).
- Yenguva nekukanganwa (1977).
- Mashoko aJulia (1979).
- Nhanho dzemuvhimi (1980).
- Dzimwe nguva rudo rukuru (1981).
- Nezve mamiriro ezvinhu (1983).
- Kupera kwekuonekana (1984).
- Husiku hwakanaka (1992).
- Ngirozi yakasvibira uye imwe yakawana nhetembo (1993).
- Elegies kuna Julia (1993).
- Kunge zvitima zvehusiku (1994).
- Notebooks kubva kuEl Escorial (1995).
- Mhumhi yakanaka (1999, rakaburitswa muna 2002).
Anthologies
- Vanyori venhetembo dzeCatalan (1968).
- Nhetembo dzeCuba dzeRevolution (1970).
- José Lezama Lima Anthology.
- Jorge Luis Borges Anthology.
- Nhetembo kudada kwangu, nhetembo anthology. Chinyorwa cheCarme Riera (Imba yekutsikisa yeLumen, 2003).
Kududzira
Yaizivikanwa nekuita shanduro kubva kuItaly neCatalan. Akashandura mabasa e:
- Lezama Lima.
- Pave.
- Quasimodo.
- Pasolini.
- Salvador Esprius.
- Joan Vinyoli.
Mipiro yakagamuchirwa uye kucherechedzwa
- Zvebasa rake Dzoka akagamuchira Mubayiro Wechipiri Adonáis (1954).
- Mubayiro weBoscán (1956).
- Ausias Kurume Mubairo (1959).
- Husiku hwakanaka zvakamuita iye akakodzera iyo Yevatsoropodzi Mubairo (1992).
Izvo zvinofanirwa kucherechedzwa kuti iyo UAB (Autonomous University yeBarcelona) ndiyo yaive nebasa rekutora rese basa uye zvinyorwa zvemunyori noupenyu hwake. Izvi zvaibvira muna 2002. Zvinyorwa zvacho zvakakwana zvakakwana, uye zvinogona kuwanikwa muHumanities Library.
Mashoko aJulia
Musicalizations
Este Nhetembo yakashandurwa ikava rwiyo uye yakaitwa neanotevera maartist nemapoka:
- Paco Ibanez.
- Mercedes Sosa.
- Tania Liberty.
- Nickel.
- Solea Morente.
- Rosalia.
- Roland Sartorius.
- Lillian Smith.
- Rosa Leon.
- Ivan Ferreiro.
- Kiko Uturu.
- Ishmael Serrano.
- The Suaves.
Izvo zvinofanirwa kucherechedzwa kuti, pamusoro pekuridza mimhanzi "Mashoko aJulia", Paco Ibáñez akatora basa rekusimudzira chikamu chebasa raGoytisolo. Muimbi akazviita padambarefu rake Paco Ibáñez anoimbira José Agustín Goytisolo (2004).
Nhetembo
"Haukwanisi kudzokera shure
nekuti hupenyu hwatokusundira iwe
sokuungudza kusingaperi.
Mwanasikana wangu zviri nani kurarama
nemufaro wevanhu
pane kuchema pamberi porusvingo bofu.
Uchanzwa makona
uchanzwa kurasikirwa kana kusurukirwa
pamwe iwe haudi kuve usina kuzvarwa.
Ndinoziva chaizvo zvavanokuudza
hupenyu ihwohwo hauna chinangwa
zvinova zvinosuwisa.
Saka gara uchiyeuka
yezuva rimwe chete randakanyora
kufunga nezvako sezvandinofunga ikozvino.
Hupenyu hwakanaka, iwe uchaona
sekunge uchidemba
uchava neshamwari, uye uchava nerudo.
Murume akasurukirwa, mukadzi
kutorwa seizvi, mumwe nemumwe
Vakafanana neguruva, havasi chinhu.
Asi pandinotaura newe
pandinonyora mazwi aya kwauri
Iniwo ndinofunga nezvevamwe vanhu.
Magumo ako ari mune vamwe
ramangwana rako ndihwo hupenyu hwako
chiremerera chako ndechemunhu wese.
Vamwe vanovimba kuti unoramba
dai mufaro wako ukavabatsira
rwiyo rwako pakati penziyo dzake.
Saka gara uchiyeuka
yezuva rimwe chete randakanyora
kufunga nezvako sezvandinofunga ikozvino.
Usambofa wakakanda mapfumo pasi kana kutendeuka
nenzira, usambotaura
Ini handichagona kuitora futi pano ndogara.
Hupenyu hwakanaka, uchaona
sekunge uchidemba
uchava nerudo, uye uchava neshamwari.
Zvikasadaro hapana sarudzo
uye nyika ino sezvairi
ichava nhaka yako yose.
Ndiregererewo, handizive kuti ndokuudza sei
hapana chimwezve, asi iwe unonzwisisa
kuti ndichiri munzira.
Uye gara uchiyeuka
yezuva rimwe chete randakanyora
kufunga nezvako sekufunga kwangu izvozvi ”.
Analysis
Zvekuoma kwehupenyu
Munzvimbo dzese gumi nenhanhatu dzemavara matatu emahara, munyori anotaurira mwanasikana wake kuti amurayire nzira inomumirira mukuenderera kwekusagadzikana kwatinoti hupenyu. Kubva pakutanga, anomunyevera kuti hapana kudzoka, anoisiya zvakajeka uye zvine mutsindo mudanho rekutanga:
"Haukwanisi kudzokera shure
nekuti hupenyu hwatokusundira iwe
sekuungudza kusingaperi ”.
Izvi zvinowedzerwa nemutsara unodzikira wechitatu stanza "pamwe iwe haudi kuve usina kuzvarwa." Ndima iyi anoita akanongedzera zvakanangana nendima yaJobho 3: 3 "Zuva randakazvarwa richaparara, uye nousiku uhwo hwakati: Munhu anobata pamuviri."
Kudana kwekudzikama
Nekudaro, muchibato chechipiri, anoti:
"Mwanangu zvirinani kurarama
nemufaro wevanhu
kupfuura kuchema pamberi porusvingo rusingaoni ”.
Uku kudana kwekudzikama uye kutora mamiriro ekufara, pane kuzvibvumira kutakurwa nekuzvidemba uye kusuwa. Nyanduri anoomerera kuti mazwi erombo achamusvikira, nekuti ndihwo hupenyu, asi anomukurudzira kuti agare achiona divi rakanaka.
Ipedyo, mutauro wezuva nezuva uye kuzivikanwa kwevanhu
Munhetembo yese, Goytisolo anotaura kubva kuzwi rezviitiko zvake, aine mutauro wezuva nezuva uye hapana chaanogona kutora. Ichi chikamu chikamu chekudarika kwechinyorwa.
Chimwe chinhu chiri chaiye munhu uye chinorumbidzwa ndechekuti anobvuma kusaziva zvese, nekuti achiri kuda kuwedzera zviitiko. Uye sezvo nyanduri asingakwanise kupinda mune zvimwe zvakavanzika nezvakaitika zvaari kurarama, anongoti:
"Ndiregererewo, handizive kuti ndokuudza sei."
hapana chimwezve, asi iwe unonzwisisa
Ndichiri munzira ”.
Chiyeuchidzo chakakodzera
Zvichida chinhu chinonyanya kushamisa mumatanho gumi nematanhatu enhetembo iyi inguva nhatu umo Goytisolo anokumbira mwanasikana wake kuti ayeuke aya mazwi:
"… Rangarira
yezuva rimwe chete randakanyora
kufunga nezvako sekufunga kwangu izvozvi ”.
Izvi zvinova senge mantra yekudonha kumashure kana chimwe chinhu chikatadza kudzora, fomula yekuita kuti hupenyu hurambe huchitakurika.