Mazita makuru mune ichangoburwa Latin America fikisi

Hapana mubvunzo kuti iyo Zana ramakore rechi20 yakaita iyo zera regoridhe reLatin America mabhuku. Kubva kutanga kwezana ramakore, chiitiko cherondedzero chakawedzera mukondinendi, zvichidaro vanyori vanobuda avo vanozove, kubva kuma40 kusvika kuma70, mazita makuru kwete muLatin America chete asiwo zvinyorwa zvepasirese.

Maitiro munhoroondo

Pakutanga kwezana ramakore rechimakumi maviri, runyorwa rweSpanish neAmerica rwaisarudza pakati nzvimbo mbiri dzakasiyana:

1. Mazuva ano: kubva pane iyo ipfupi nyaya dzakanakisa madingindira neruoko rweakakura Ruben Dario. Mune mafambiro aya, mazita anozivikanwa senge mudetembi weArgentina Leopoldo Lugones pamwe neUruguay Horanio Quiroga, mumwe wevanonyanya kuzivikanwa "vanotaura nyaya" venguva yake, vanobuda pachena.
2. Ichokwadi uye zvakasikwa: Pasi pezita reiyi maitiro, akati wandei maitiro emhando anoonekera:

• Kune rimwe divi ndiko inoverengeka yemexicoan revolution.
• Isu zvakare tine iyo indigenous novel (Iyo yakashora kudzvinyirirwa kwemaIndia nekuda kwehupfumi hwayo chete).
• Uye pakupedzisira, tinowana iyo nyika novel, iyo yaibata pamusoro penyaya dzakadai seyehondo yakamisidzana pakati pebudiriro nehutsinye, caciquismo, nezvimwe.

Kunyangwe zvakadaro, izvi novel zvicharamba zvakadaro makore akareruka kubva kuEuropean.

Iyo rondedzero pakati pema1940 nema1960

Es Kubva 1940 apo rondedzero yeAmerican American inotambura a rombo rakanaka: madhorobha madhorobha akawedzerwa, hunyanzvi kubva kuEuropean nekuNorth America nhoroondo dzinosanganisirwa, pamwe nekusanzwisisika kwesangano riri kubuda rezvemashure parizvino.

Mamwe emazita makuru mune ichangoburwa Latin American fikisi

Ndiyo panguva ino apo vanyori vakakurumbira vanozivikanwa kune vese kumira:

• Jorge Luis Borges: Basa rake rinomiririra isingarambike nhoroondo yese inotevera. Sanganisa huzivi uye hwesekisheni nezvakanaka, zvemazuva ese uye zvisinganzwisisike. Nhoroondo yake iri chaizvo pakati peiyo avant-garde uye mafomu matsva enoveli. Munyori uyu akatanhamara pamusoro pedzose nekuda kwenyaya dzake, dzakaburitswa muna «Fictions» (1944), "Aleph" (1949) uye "Bhuku rejecha" (1975).

• Juan Carlos Onetti: Uyu munyori weUruguay akafa muna 1994 akanyora nyaya nemanovels ane huremo hwekusava netariro yekuvapo. Mabasa ake anomira pachena "Nzvimbo yekutengesa ngarava" y «Chitunha Board».

• Ernesto Sabato: Mumabasa ake, Sábato akataura nezvekupara mhosva, kufa, kusurukirwa, huipi hwevanhu uye nyaya dzerudo runotyisa uye rwakaipa. Basa rake rinobuda pachena "Tunnel" rakabudiswa muna 1948.

• Miguel Angel Asturias: Nhoroondo yake inonyanya kukosha ndeye "VaMutungamiri" uye pamwechete nemunyori Jose Maria Arguedas, zvinomiririra zvakakwana zvaizivikanwa panguva iyoyo se rondedzero yemagariro.

• Alejo Carpentier: Munyori weCuba wenyaya "Zera reChiedza", ndiye wekutanga kusimudzira rondedzero ye mashiripiti echokwadi. Kubva ipapo zvichienda mberi, vamwe vanyori vakabuda nerudzi urwu rwekurondedzera, sevamwe vevaya vanotevera.

• Julio Cortazar: Inozivikanwa nevose, munyori weArgentina, munyori wenyaya "Hopscotch" inozivikanwa neyakaipisisa kurongeka experimentalism uye nekuongorora kwake munhu wepanguva ino.

• Augusto Roa Bastos: Munyori weParaguay webasa racho "Ini mukuru", pakati pevamwe.

• Juan Rulfo: Mexican munyori anova mumwe wevatenzi vechimiro chitsva nenyaya dzake.

• Carlos Fuentes: Pfungwa huru mu nhoroondo yekuedza achigara achiongorora kubasa kwake matambudziko emagariro nehupfumi enyika yake, achinyanya kutarisisa Shanduko yeMexico. Iye ndiye munyori wemabhuku akafanana "Musoro we hydra", rakabudiswa muna 1978 uye "Kufa kwaArtemio Cruz" (1962) pakati pevamwe.

• Gabriel García Márquez: Pasina mubvunzo anonyanya kuzivikanwa uye anonyanya kuverengerwa munyori weakakura maSpanish American vanyori venhau. Kuti nditi Gabo ndiko kuti Macondo, kureva zita "Colonel haana wekumunyorera", ndeyekuyeuka "Makore Mazana Ekusurukirwa" o "Chronicle Yerufu Yakafanotaurwa", pakati pemamwe mabhuku makuru aakasiya senhaka.

• Mario Vargas Llosa: Inozivikanwa nekubvunza mukati enganonyorwa nzira dzekurondedzera pamwe neiyo kuoma kwemanoveli ake.

Mamwe mazita haana kukosha pane iwo anoonekwa kusvika ikozvino

• Agustín Yanez (Mexican, 1904-1980).
• Mario Benedetti (Uruguay, 1920-2009).
• Manuel Mújica Láinez (Argentine, 1910-1984).
• José Lezama Lima (Cuban, 1912-1977).
• Adolfo Bioy Casares (Argentine, 1914-1999).
• José Donoso (Chilean, 1925-1996).
• Guillermo Cabrera Infante (Cuban, 1929-2005).
• Vlvaro Mutis (Colombian, 1923-2013).
• Osvaldo Soriano (Argentine, 1943-1997).
• Manuel Puig (Argentine, 1932-1990).
• Manuel Scorza (Peruvian, 1928-1977).
• Augusto Monterroso (Guatemalan, 1921-2003).
• Antonio Skármeta (Chilean, 1940).
• Isabel Allende (Chilean, 1942).
• Luis Sepúlveda (Chilean, 1949).
• Roberto Bolaño (Chilean, 1953-2003).
• Eduardo Galeano (Uruguayan, 1940-2015).
• Cristina Peri Rossi (Uruguayan, 1941).
• Laura Esquivel (Mexico, 1950).
• Zoe Valdés (Cuban, 1959).