Manolito Gafotas.
Manolito Magirazi Yaive yekutanga riwaya yevana nemunyori weCadiz uye mutori wenhau Elvira Lindo. Ma protagonists ayo akabuda sevanhu veredhiyo vane izwi rakapihwa naiye ega. Kusvika pari zvino, akateedzana ane mabhuku masere (pamwe chete muunganidzwa mumwe) akaburitswa pakati pa1994 na2012.
Sekureva kwaSonia Sierra Infante, hunhu hwaManolito Gafotas "ndeimwe yematanho makuru etsika dzeSpanish mumakumi emakore apfuura." Mutsara weSierra Infante mune yake yechiremba thesis Zvepamusoro uye zvakadzika mune basa raElvira Lindo (2009), inoratidza zvakakwana kukosha kwebasa.
Nezve munyori, Elvira Lindo
Elvira Lindo Garrido akaberekerwa muCádiz, Spain, muna Ndira 23, 1962. Pakati-ma70 akafamba nemhuri yake kunogara kuMadrid. Mumuzinda weSpain, akapedza chikoro chesekondari uye akatanga basa rake rekutapa kuComplutense University yeMadrid. Basa rake pawairesi rakatanga achiri mudiki kwazvo - pazera remakore gumi nemapfumbamwe - semazivisi nemunyori weSpanish National Radio.
Muna 1994, kuburitswa kwa Manolito Magirazi yaimiririra yakanaka kupinda muchinyorwa. Kwete pasina, Idzo mamvemve akasviba aManolito Gafotas muna 1998 akagashira mubayiro weNational weVana neVechidiki Mabhuku. Kunze kwaizvozvo Manolito Magirazi, Lindo aburitsa gumi nerimwe mabhuku evana (kusanganisira series Olivia), Mapfumbamwe ekuremekedza mazita ekuremekedza, mana asiri emanyepo mabasa, mitambo mitatu, uye akawanda screenplays.
Mavambo aManolito
Mumashoko aElvira Lindo, hunhu Manolito Gafotas "akazvarwa kubva kuchishuwo chekunakidzwa mune rangu basa redhiyo." Gare gare, yakasimbiswa nezviitiko zvinoenderana nehucheche uye nezvimwe zvinhu zvehunhu hwemunyori. Anowedzera, "mavara anonakidza akadaro, ivo vanozvarwa kubva kune vanozvigadzira uye vane nzvimbo dzemukati dzine dutu kwazvo. Kugara vachifunga nezve chinzvimbo chavanogara munyika ".
Lindo akataura mumabvunzurudzo akasiyana siyana kuti kubudirira kwaManolito kwaisatarisirwa. Panyaya iyi, pamwe radio mavambo yaManolito yaive yakakosha. Nekuti inopa hunhu hwebasa reinzwi remukati mukati meyakareruka rondedzero manyorerwo. Panguva imwecheteyo, iri izwi rinonyorova, rinoramba riripo, richitonga kwese kududzirwa, pamwe nekupindirana chaiko kupa nzvimbo kuzvikamu zvinonakidza.
Manolito Magirazi (1994)
Mubhuku rekutanga, protagonist inorondedzera akati wandei, nyaya dzisina hukama dzakaitika mutaundi reCarabanchel Alto. Idzi nyaya dzine nzvimbo isingagumi yekuverenga nguva pakati pezuva ravo rekutanga rechikoro naApril 14, rokuberekwa kwasekuru Zuva iri harisi netsaona (zuva rekuziviswa kweChipiri Republic) sezvo zvichinyatso kufananidzira zvido zvematongerwo enyika zvemhuri yeManolito.
Chinhu chakakosha mukati merondedzero chimiro kutaridzika kukuru kweye protagonist, inopfuudzwa neyakajairika pfungwa yehucheche. Nekudaro, pasi peichi chitarisiko chekusaziva, hunhu hwekuziva, mutsa uye kuzvipira kune vanhu vakatenderedza zvinoratidzwa Zvese zvakataurwa mu "encyclopedia huru" yehupenyu hwaManolito.
Elvira Cute.
Murombo Manolito (1995)
Muvhoriyamu yechipiri ye "huru encyclopedia" yehupenyu hwake, Manolito anoziva kushamisika kwake semunhu weruzhinji. Mashoko ekutanga anotsanangura hukama huripo pakati pevatambi vari mubhuku rapfuura neavo vakabuda muchikamu chino. Ehezve, shamwari yake huru Paquito Medina yakakosha kwazvo (uye kumutenda) nekugadzirisa zvikanganiso makumi matatu nezviviri zvaakange aita.
En Murombo Manolito, pane kumwe kuenderera pakati pezvitsauko "Tete Melitona" na "Tete Melitona: kudzoka", kuzere kuseka. Chitsauko chekuvhara chebhuku rino "Nhema Chena." Ikoko, kutya kwe protagonist kunomubatisa mune inoteedzana kwazvo paanoedza kuviga zvisingadzivisike: akundikana mathematics.
Sei molo! (1996)
Chikamu ichi chinotangawo nesumo yakareba. Mariri, Manolito anorondedzera mukomana akaverenga vhoriyamu yechipiri yeenisaikoropidhiya yake ndokusvika kuCarabanchel Alto. Hunhu hutsva huri kutaurwa hunomutsa kukahadzika kwakawanda pamusoro pe protagonist. Izvo zvinokurudzira Manolito kupedzisa-nerubatsiro rweshamwari yake yakatendeka Paquito Medina- muti wake wedzinza wakazara nemitauro inoyevedza.
Saizvozvo, mu Sei molo! "al Mustaza" inounzwa, waunodzidza naye Manolito asina kukosha zvakanyanya mumabhuku apfuura. Iyo rondedzero mutsara inoenderera zviitiko zve Murombo Manolito (dambudziko rake nemasvomhu) uye rakagadzirwa nenzira yenguva yemwaka wezhizha.
Kusuka mbichana (1997)
Kukosha kwaManolito semunhu weveruzhinji kunomutungamira kuti afungisise nezve kurasikirwa kwekuvanzika muchirevo chegwaro rake rechina. Rudzi urwu rwemukurumbira wemuno runotanga kukanganisa hama dzake (kunyanya amai vake paanoenda kumusika). Nechikonzero ichi, protagonist inosangana nezvikamu zvekunyadziswa zvinoshandiswa kusanganisa chokwadi uye fungidziro kuburikidza nekuonekwa kwemunyori iye.
Lindo anozviratidza semukadzi anokara anoshandisa mukurumbira waManolito kuti awane mari kubva ku "realiti-chous" yake. Chinhu chakanyanya kushata imari yakatarwa kumhuri yaManolito: zero. Musoro wenyaya wa Kusuka mbichana inotarisa pamaitiro akazvipira - mumashoko aElvira Lindo - kune vadiki, shanje negodo.
Manolito munzira (1997)
Iri bhuku rakasiyaniswa kubva kune mamwe akateedzana nekuda kwekuteedzana kwaro kwemugwagwa wakaitwa naManolito. Manolito munzira Inoumbwa nezvikamu zvitatu. Inotanga na "Adiós Carabanchel (Alto)"; Ichi chitsauko chinotaurira kuti Manolo (baba vake) anosarudza kutora vana vake kurerutsa zhizha raCatalina (amai vake).
Sezvineiwo, amai varombo vakatadza kutsungirira imwe mwaka wezororo yakavharirwa munharaunda vachitsungirira nhamo nekurwa kwevana vavo. Zvisinei, mu "Japan vhiki" Manolito uye Imbécil (munin'ina wake) vanoita misikanzwa yakawanda mukati mechitoro. Chitsauko chekupedzisira, "El zorro de la Malvarrosa" inovhara bhuku zvine hunyanzvi neakawanda ezviitiko uye paella pamhenderekedzo yeValencian.
Ini nejuzi (1999)
Kubva pakutanga, Elvira Lindo anoratidza nemusoro wake chinangwa chake chekuenderera mberi nekutsvaga kwake nyaya dzine chekuita nezve "zvematongerwo enyika zvakanaka". Kunze kwekuremekedza kunofanirwa kuve "ini nembongoro." Asi chirevo ichi chakashandurwa nemaune kuitira kuratidza ruvengo rwemunhu mukuru kumukoma wake. Iri bhuku rakakamurwa kuita zvikamu zvitatu: "Vazukuru vako havakukanganwi", "Vana vaviri vakasiiwa kwazvo" uye "Chiuru chimwe neusiku humwe".
Mazita ezvikamu izvi anomiririra chaizvo manzwiro aManolito neImbécil. Kunyangwe mamiriro ezvinhu - sekuru kuvhiya kweprostate - isingadzikise chishuwo chekuita misikanzwa yevadiki. Pane zvinopesana, vana vanosvika pakuregedza vanhu vakuru vakavakomberedza, zvichikonzera mamiriro anosetsa.
Manolito ane chakavanzika (2002)
Ndiko kuendesa kwakapinza kwesaga rese. Zvitsauko zvaro zvinotaura nezvekushanya kwameya weMadrid kuCarabanchel Alto chikoro. Chiitiko ichi chinoburitsa pachena kushora kwaElvira Lindo kwerudzi urwu rwechiitiko. Izvo zvinowedzera zvisina basa kushushikana kune vacheche nekuda kwevakuru tarisiro. Uyezve, kumanikidzwa kwepfungwa kunotambudzwa nevana kunogona kusarudzwa sekushungurudzwa.
Saizvozvowo, munyori anosimbisa hunyengeri hwevematongerwo enyika. Avo vanoshandisa iyi mhando yemusangano kutendeutsa uye kururamisa kuronga kwakadzikama. Iri Iri bhuku rine kuenderera mberi mu "The flying Chinese", nyaya yakaburitswa naLindo mu Nyika yevhiki nevhiki. Anotsanangura kugamuchirwa kwemwana mutsva kumhuri kubva mumaonero aMoron (uyo anomuona seChinese ane hunhu hwembwa).
Mutsara naElvira Lindo.
Akanakisa Manolo (2012)
Makore gumi apfuura. Godo rakakonzerwa naMoron chinhu chekare nekuti "Chirly" akabvisa pachigaro munin'ina wake semunhu akapambwa zvakanyanya mumhuri. Kukura kwaManolo kunoreva kunzwisiswa kuri nani (uye kuzvipira) kwekushanda kwababa vake Manolo kutsigira imba yake. Saizvozvowo, Manolito haachaoni amai vake Catalina semunhu anoranga zvakaipa; anonyanya kutenda kuvabereki vake.
Mamwe mavara emifananidzo akateedzana haana kushaikwa mubhuku rino: sekuru, vaanochengetedza hukama hwakakosha kwazvo. Iwo ma "orejones", Jihad, kana hunhu hwehunhu hwe protagonist kana zvikamu zvakatakurwa netsiye chaiyo hazvitadzise musangano kana. Akanakisa Manolo Inomiririra yekupedzisa kubata kwehunhu hunodiwa kwazvo nevana nevakuru vanobva kumatunhu ese eSpain.