Federico García Lorca ndomumwe wevanyori vane hunyanzvi hwetsamba dzeSpanish. Hunhu hwebasa rake uye kufa kwake kwekutanga kunopa vaverengi vanoda kuziva uye philologists chikafu chekufunga. Ko angadai akakwanisa kuita sei dai akanga asina kupondwa aine makore 38? Nhetembo dzake nemitambo yake yemitambo yave yakakosha mukugadziriswa nekuvandudzwa kwemabhuku muchiSpanish. uye vakasiya mucherechedzo uchagara nenzira imwe cheteyo iyo nhamba inokosha zvikurusa yezvinyorwa zvechiSpanish mazana amakore akapfuura.
Mukati mebasa rake, chinonyanya kushamisa madimikira ake nemhando dzakawanda: mvura, ropa, mwedzi, mhuka dzakaita semabhiza nenzombe, vakadzi nebasa repapurazi. Mabhuku ake akazara nezviratidzo zvinopfumisa chiono cheavo vanoaverenga uye kuita kuti mabhuku ake ave mamwe ezvinyorwa zvakanakisisa zvezana ramakore rechiXNUMX rose. Tinodzokorora basa rake rinokosha zvikuru rinosanganisira basa rake renhetembo uye rinodamba.
Nhetembo basa
Cante jondo nhetembo (1921)
Seti yenziyo dzenhetembo, pakati padzo pane "Baladilla de los tres ríos" kana "Poema de la soleá". Basa rinoshuvira kutsanangura nenhetembo hunhu uye hunhu hwevanhu veAndalusian kubva kumidzi yavo yekare.. Midzi iyi inotyisa, yekumaruwa uye yakati svibei. Nhetembo idzi dzine madingindira akaita serufu neupenyu, rudo, marwadzo uye kusuwa kukuru. Kufanana neAndalusian cante jondo, inofamba uye ine chisimba muzvikamu zvakaenzana.
Gypsy Ballads (1928)
Iyo anthology yerudo gumi nesere yakasimudza Lorca semumwe wevadetembi vakanyanya. yenhoroondo yezvinyorwa zveSpanish. Lorca anozviita zvakare. Nezvinyorwa izvi anodzoka kuzobvisa chokwadi cheAndalusi, kuoma uye kurwadziwa, tsika uye kuedza uye kushungurudzwa kwebasa mumunda, pamwe chete nemhando yekumaruwa Andalusia.
Inozviita nemutauro wemadimikira, asi unobatika unofadza vaverengi nenyanzvi nenguva isingachinji., ine zvinhu zvakaita sehusiku, mwedzi, rufu, mifananidzo yemvura, banga kana bhiza, kana tsika yechigypsy, zvinogara zvichidzokororwa mubasa rake. Chimwe chinhu chinomira pachena kubatanidzwa kunoitwa naLorca kwenhetembo dzinonyanya kufarirwa nepamusoro-soro.
Nyanduri muNew York (1930)
Yakabudiswa mushure mekufa kwaLorca, asi iye Akanyora muunganidzwa wenhetembo uyu pakati pa1929 na1930 mushure mekugara kwake muNew York. Nyanduri muNew YorkZvisineyi, muunganidzwa wenhetembo wakanyanya kuoma kunzwisisa kupfuura dzakapfuura; manyorerwo ake akanyanya kuvharika uye akafukidzwa uye haabatsiri kudzidza philological kuti manyoro ekutanga angadai akarasika.
Madingindira anobuda muchinyorwa ndeaya nyanduri neguta guru, ndeupi muenzaniso uri nani kupfuura New York pakupera kwema 20. Zvisinei, kusvika muguta guru iri, chiratidzo chemazuva ano uye capitalism, kwakakonzera kurwisana kwaLorca uko kwakatungamirira kukunyora kweiri basa, iro rakazopedzisira rava kuteterera. kusaruramisira uye kuzvidza munhu.
Tamarit Divan (1936)
Nhetembo dzine zita re casidas y mhara, uyu mutero kuGranada Arabic nhetembo. Lorca anokamura basa kuita nhetembo dzerudo (the mhara) uye kufa (the casidas). Nhetembo idzi dzese dzinoburitsa hunhu hwerunako rweArab, pamwe chete nehunyanzvi hwayo hwese. Zvidimbu zvine madimikira uye kuratidzwa kutsva mubasa raLorca.
Sonnets dzeRima Rudo (1936)
Uyu muunganidzwa wemasonnet wakanyorwa mumakore ake ekupedzisira uye wakabudiswa mushure mekufa kwake. Kunyangwe mazhinji enhetembo aizoramba asina kuburitswa kusvika pakusvika kweSpanish democracy. Pakati pemasonnet zvinokwanisika kuwana chido chikuru, rudo uye zvepabonde delirium; zvisinei nenzira inotyisa zvishoma kwasviba, sezvo Lorca panguva yaaigara akanetsana nehunhu hwake.
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Muchato Weropa (1933)
Inhamo mundima nenganonyorwa munharaunda yekumaruwa. Zvinobva pane yechokwadi nyaya yaizivikanwa naLorca uye akasarudza kutora mubasa iri rizere nenhetembo dzinoshamisa. Vaviri vanodanana vakarara usiku hwakatangira muchato wemukadzi nemumwe murume. Zvinhu izvi zvaive zvakakwana kugadzira a chimiro chakanaka chinoputika nechishuwo chekusununguka, rudo uye rufu. Mwedzi uchave wakakosha mukati Ropa Muchato, nokuti anooneka sechapupu muchimiro chomunhu chakaisvonaka uye chinouraya zvakafanana.
Barren (1934)
ngomwa nderimwe dambudziko rine dingindira guru rekuva amai. Lorca anovandudza mubasa rake rekugadzira basa rinokosha revakadzi, sehwaro hwemhuri, vana uye kuumba hunhu hwavo uye magumo. Kusakwanisa kuita vana uye kurerwa muwanano yake kunouraya magumo emutambi, uyo anofanirwa kunge asingabereki uye asina munhu nekuda kwekushaya mbereko.
Imba yaBernarda Alba (1936)
Imba yaBernarda Alba inovhara mutambo wemadhirama munharaunda yekumaruwa yakatangwa uye ichienderera mberi Ropa Muchato y ngomwa. Izvo hazvina kuburitswa kusvika 1945 muBuenos Aires, mushure mekufa kwemunyori. pabasa iwe unofema kudzvinyirirwa kwese uye njodzi isingadzivisiki yeguta uye nharaunda yekumaruwa iyo Lorca akashandisa kubata mumabasa ake anoshamisa.. Ndiyo inozivikanwa se yakadzika spain, kusajeka kwakanyanya, kwechinyakare uye kusingafambi kwechimiro cheSpanish. Zvose izvi zvinoturikira muchi nyaya yaBernarda nevanasikana vake vaduku vashanu; mukadzi anenge afirwa achasarudza kuchengeta imba yose iri mukuchema kwamakore masere. Lorca anosanganisirawo yake avant-garde uye maitiro matsva, izvo zvinoguma nebasa rekupayona uye rakasiyana.
Zvinyorwa zvinoenderana paGarcía Lorca
Federico García Lorca akaberekwa muna 1898 muFuente Vaqueros (Granada) mumhuri yepakati-kati.. Akadzidza Philosophy uye Tsamba uye Mutemo paYunivhesiti yeGranada uye akakurumidza kupesvedzerwa nehushamwari hwepfungwa hwakasiyana. Akapinda misangano yevanyori yakaitwa muEl Rinconcillo uye mushure mekufamba neSpain, nemumaguta akasiyana nemigwagwa inofamba, akagara muMadrid. Uko Akava shamwari naSalvador Dalí naLuis Buñuel, pakati pevamwe vadzidzi, vaakasangana navo muImba Yekugara yeVadzidzi..
Mushure merwendo rwekuenda kuNew York uye nekuda kwekunetseka kwake uye chido chake chekuunza tsika pedyo nevanhu veSpain, Lorca akatanga La Barraca, yunivhesiti inofambira yemitambo. Pakupedzisira, mushure mokudzoka kubva kunogara kuArgentina, Lorca aizopondwa muna 1936 nekuda kwepfungwa dzake dzekufambira mberi paakazviwana ari munharaunda yevapanduki ichangotanga hondo yevagari..
García Lorca ndiye mudetembi wekuSpain anoverengwa zvakanyanya uye basa rake renhetembo uye rinoshamisa nderimwe reane simba zvakanyanya muzana ramakore rechiXNUMX, kana risiri iro rakawanda.. Akanga ari weGeneration ye '27. Kunyange zvazvo pakutanga maitiro ake akanga ari emazuva ano, akazoshanduka akananga kune avant-garde, asi nguva dzose ane maonero echinyakare kuti aisazomborasikirwa. Semuenzaniso, mabasa ake anoshamisa injodzi dzakadzika midzi mutsika dzekumaruwa nemutambo wenyika.