Lyrical subgenres

Inodaidzwa kuti "lyrical subgenres" kune zvikamu zvezvinyorwa zvinoratidzwa nekutaura kwe "nhetembo" yemunyori. Izvi zvakaiswa mumapoka - zvinoenderana nehurefu hwematanha avo - munhetembo huru uye nhetembo diki. Zvimwechetezvo, zvakakosha kuti utarise mhando yerwiyo irworwo uye nhamba yemasiraidhi aripo mune yega yega.

Zvinoenderana nezvambotaurwa, nzira yakajairika yekuumbwa mukati meiyo nziyo nhetembo, uye izvi, zvakare, zvinoratidzwa kuburikidza nendima. Izvo zvinodikanwa kuti uzive kuti nhetembo dzeprose hadzifanirwe hazvo kudzingwa. Rangarira izvo chinonyanya kukosha murwiyo ndiko kudzama uye zviwanikwa zvinoshandiswa nemunyori kuburitsa manzwiro ake.

Nhetembo huru

Sezvakataurwa, hunhu hwayo hukuru ihurefu hwenzvimbo dzayo. Pakati pezvinojairika, zvinotevera zvinomira pachena:

Rwiyo

Iyo mhando yekutaura - kazhinji nguva dzose - mundima yakagadzirirwa kuti dudzwe sechikamu chechimhanzi. Kumuka kukuru kwazvo kwenziyo yenziyo kwakaitika mukati meMiddle Ages pamaoko evanyanduri vatsva saFrancesco Petrarca (1304-1374) uye Lope de Stúñiga (1415-1465).

Kwemazana emakore, kuimba nenziyo kwakashanduka kuve kuratidzwa kwakasiyana kwechimiro cheboka (kazhinji inosanganisirwa nemadhirama). Pakati pavo: kwaya, ma orchestra uye opera. Izvi zvinowanzo kuve zvinomiririrwa ne tenors, sopranos uye vaimbi vane hukuru hukuru iko kudzika kwemazwi avo.

Nziyo

Rwiyo rwiyo rwekufungidzira rwakabatana zvakanyanya nerwiyo (nekuda kwekufanana kwemaita ekududzira). Nekudaro, iyo inosiyana neyekupedzisira munzira iyo inosimudzira iyo nyika yekuda kana yechitendero. Muchokwadi, munguva dzekare yaive nzira yakajairika yekurumbidza vamwari.

Nhasi, Nziyo Yenyika chikamu chezviratidzo zvenyika —Zvese pamwe chete nemureza nenhoo yenyika — yemarudzi ese epasi. Kunyangwe idzo nyika dzisingazivikanwe pasirese kazhinji dzinowanzove neNational Anthem yavo.

Elegy

Icho kuratidzwa kwerwiyo kwakabatana zvakanyanya nemanzwiro ekuchema, kushushikana, kusuwa uye ndangariro dzakanaka. Naizvozvo, Elegies inokurudzirwa nekurasikirwa (zvinhu, zvepamoyo kana zvemweya) zvemudiwa. Nenzira imwecheteyo, ivo vanobatanidzwa kune mamwe ma lyrical subgenres (rwiyo, semuenzaniso).

Iyo elegy chimiro chemazwi enziyo akagadzwa mukare Girisi. VaHellen vakazvitsanangura neiyo inonzi elegiac mita. Izvi zvakagadzirwa nekuchinjaniswa kwehexameter ndima nemapentameter. Kubva ipapo, elegy dzakapfuura ingangoitika nguva dzese dzezvematongerwo enyika nezvematongerwo enyika muvanhu vekuMadokero.

Eclogue

Iyo eclogue chirevo chine rwiyo chakavakwa kuburikidza nekutaurirana pakati pevanhu vaviri kana vanopfuura. Kazhinji, Iyi subgenre inoratidzwa mumabasa emitambo akaisirwa kumaruwa, uko chiito chinomhanya nehurukuro pakati pevafudzi vaviri. Mazhinji ezvinonyanya kuzivikanwa eclogues zvine chiitiko chimwe chete uye chakazove chakakurumbira muEurope panguva yeRenaissance era.

Oode

Iyo ode imhando yenhetembo yakatakurwa nekuratidzwa kwakadzika uko hunhu hwemunhu, chinhu kana nzvimbo zvinokwidziridzwa. Rudzi urwu rwekutaura kwenziyo kwaiwanzoonekwa mumabasa akakumikidzwa kuna vamwari vengano dzechiGiriki. Nenzira imwecheteyo, yakashanda kurumbidza kukunda kwemauto kana kunaka kwenzvimbo dzechiHellenic (kana dzevamwe vatambi).

Zvadaro, Munguva yeMiddle Ages iyo ode yaive zvakare mufashoni nekuda kwevakadzidza vakaita saFray Luis de León. Uyezve, rwiyo rwazvino rweEuropean Union ndiyo Hymn kuna Mufaro rakanyorwa naLudwig van Beethoven (Symphony No. 9). Ndiani, zvakare, akafuridzirwa na Ode kuna Mufaro (1785) nanyanduri wechiGerman Friedrich von Schiller.

Satire yacho

Satire idimikira redzimhosva rine huchokwadi hwakaenderera mberi kusvika nanhasi nekuda kwenhetembo dzayo dzemabhurugwa nemitsara inorwadza. Kwayakabva yakadzokera kuGreek Greek. Kunyangwe, satires dzakayeukwa zvakanyanya mumutauro wechiCastilian dzakagadzirwa pakupera kweMiddle Ages.

Saizvozvowo, kuteedzera kwakava nzira "inogamuchirwa" yekushoropodza nzanga nehurongwa hwakagadzwa. Nechinangwa ichi, zviwanikwa zvinoshandiswa zvakanyanya mukunyomba kuseka nekunyomba, kungave muprozi kana ndima. Aya maficha anoonekwa mune vaviri vanyori vakakura veayo anonzi Spanish Spanish Age:

• Lope de Vega
• Francisco Gomez de Quevedo

Nhetembo diki

Kutevera kurongeka kwemazano akasimudzwa, nziyo dzekuwedzera kushoma dzinoenderera. Vanomira pachena:

Madrigal

Dzimwe nyanzvi dzinofunga madrigal semusiyano wenziyo. Kunyange zvakadaro, iyo madrigal inopa chaiyo mirayiridzo inoiparadzanisa kubva kune kumwe kuratidzwa kwenziyo. Pakati peavo, inonyanya kukosha ndeyekuti huwandu hwayo hwemavhesi haugone kupfuura gumi neshanu. Uyezve, izvi, metrically, zvinofanirwa kuve heptasyllable uye hendecasyllables.

Naizvozvo, iwo mapfupi nziyo ane madingindira ane chekuita nerudo kana hurukuro dzevafundisi. Imwe yemienzaniso yakakosha yemadrigal mumutauro wechiSpanish ndeye Madrigal kune tiketi yetram wemunyori wechiSpanish uye munyori wemitambo Rafael Alberti.

Epigram

Iyo inomira kunze kune yayo yehunyanzvi, yakapinza uye inoruma maitiro, nekudaro inofungidzirwa yakafanana zvikuru nesatire. Nekudaro, zvinopesana neyekupedzisira nekupfupika (kazhinji, inoumbwa nemavhesi maviri) uye inonongedza kamwechete kwekutenderera. Iyo epigram yakatanga - senge mazhinji enziyo enziyo - muGriki Yakare, izwi rayo rinoreva "kunyora" (mune dombo).

VaHellene vaigara vachizviisa pamusuwo wezvivakwa zvakakosha kana pazasi pezvifananidzo nezvivakwa. Chinangwa chavo chaive chekurangarira chiitiko chenhoroondo kana kupemberera hupenyu hwemunhu. Gare gare, epigrams pamatombo emakuva akatumidzwa mazita "epitaphs." Nekudaro, mamwe epigrams akanyorwa kuitira kuratidza zvimwe zvinonetsa zvenguva.

Haiku

Icho mhando yetsika nhetembo dzakanyorwa kubva kuJapan. Iyo inoratidzirwa nemisoro yayo yekusimudzirwa kwechisikirwo uye chimiro chayo chendima nhatu dzemashanu, manomwe uye mashanu ezvinyorwa, zvakateedzana, kushaya rwiyo. Pakati peanozivikanwa haikus muchiSpanish pane gumi nemanomwe akabatanidzwa mubhuku Mari yacho (1981) kubva Jorge Luis Borges. Izvo zvinodawo kutaura bhuku racho Haikus Kona (1999) naMario Benedetti.

Mamwe anozivikanwa enziyo subgenres

• Letrilla: iyi nhetembo ipfupi ine kwaya ine chinangwa chekuimba.
• Epitalamio: ipfupi yenziyo yakanyorwa yemuchato.
• Escolión: kuratidzwa kwerwiyo kwehurefu hupfupi, hwakagadzirwa nenzira isinganetsi pakati pemabiko kana mapato eEkare Girisi, anodzokororwa nemumwe kana vamwe vaimbi (vanochinjana). Iyo inoratidzirwa neshoko rayo mitambo uye kuunzwa kwezvinhu zvakaita sezvirahwe.