Kune nhetembo dzakafanana nekudengenyeka kwenyika, senge kutinhira kunoenda kuburikidza nehupenyu hwako hwese. Kupererwa Icho chimwe chazvo. Iri basa, pachivanhu naJosé de Espronceda (Almendralejo, Kurume 25, 1808-Madrid, Chivabvu 23, 1842), asi kuti vamwe vanyori venhoroondo nevadzidzi vanoti Juan Rico naAmat (Elda, Alicante; Nyamavhuvhu 29, 1821 -Madrid; Mbudzi 19, 1870), ndeimwe yemienzaniso ine huipi uye inoshungurudza yeSpanish Romanticism.
Hunhu hwerima romanticism
Nhetembo «Kupererwa Nezano», naJosé de Espronceda, chikamu cheicho chinonzi «Rima KumaRoma», a subgenre yakabuda muzana ramakore rechiXNUMX uye kuti yakatsanangura kwete tariro kwazvo, kungave nezve munhu, chinamato, kana hunhu. Kwete chete kuti isu tine Espronceda semuenzaniso, asi kune vamwe vazhinji vakaita saEdgar Allan Poe (pamwe anozivikanwa kwazvo werudzi urwu), Emily Dickinson, kana isu tinogona kunyange kuunza vazhinji "vadetembi vakatukwa."
Pakati pehunhu hwerudzi urwu rwemabasa ekunyora, tinowana zvinotevera:
Zero kuvimba mukukwana
Kune yakasviba romantics, iyo munhu haana kukwana, kana kumbove zvakadaro. Nechikonzero ichi, mavara ake ese ane hukama nechivi, nekuzviparadza, nezvakaipa zvehupenyu. Kwavari, munhu wenyama mutadzi uye nekuda kwechikonzero ichocho ivo vanoona hupenyu sumbu remamiriro ezvinhu nezviitiko zvisingatungamire pakukwana, asi kudivi rakapesana.
Havana tariro
Kunyangwe tichitaura nezvechirudo, chokwadi ndechekuti nhetembo dzerima dzerudo hadzina tariro, vanogara vachitaura zvisirizvo, kungave zvakananga kana zvisina kunangana, nekuti ivo vanonzwisisa kuti, kunyangwe zvikaedzwa zvakadii, nguva dzose iwe uchave unotongerwa kukundikana.
Mupfungwa iyi, hupenyu chaihwo hwanyanduri hunokanganisawo nhetembo.
Nyika haina tariro
Kwete kusuwa chete, asi kusanzwisisika uye kushata. Ndezvipi zvimwe zvinoratidzirwa nevanoona sechinhu chemweya uye zvine hukama nehuMwari, hupenyu uye mwenje; vanozviona sekupesana kwakakwana. Nenzira yekuti kune yerima romantics inzvimbo iyo munhu anoburitsa zvese zvakashata divi rake, uye zvisikwa pachezvake, nharaunda yake, inozvirumbidza pamusoro peizvozvo kusagadzikana, ichimunyudza zvakanyanya mukutambudzika kwake.
Kupererwa
Kupererwa iri ode kune macabre, inotyisa, uye nehunhu hunopokana. Mupfungwa iyi, zvinotiyeuchidza nezve nyaya senge Mboro nhema, rakanyorwa naEdgar Allan Poe Mutemo? »), Kuti kunyangwe iri nyaya, inogoverana muchidimbu mweya, uye hunhu hwakamonyaniswa nhetembo.
Mavara ake anonzwika manomwe-syllable anoita kuti tishamise kana protagonist achinyanya kuda zvinhu zvinotyisa zvaanotaura nezvazvo, kana kuti kunakidzwa nazvo mugumo wehupenyu hwaakatungamira. Zvese zvinhu zvikuru uye zvinotyisa munhetembo iyi, izvo zvinoita kuti zvisasiya kana netariro. Mitsara yayo inosanganisira kumakuva, njodzi uye, muchidimbu, mafaro ese erima uye ane mhosva anogona kunakidzwa nemunhu. Pasina kupokana, chinotora basa iri ndiko kukwidziridzwa kunotyisa kwerima, kwekupenga, uye nezvese zvinorambwa neveruzhinji.
Unogona kuverenga pazasi:
Ndinoda kuona denga
nemakore matema
uye inzwa niches
kuungudza kwakaipisisa,
Ndinoda kuona husiku
pasina mwedzi uye pasina nyeredzi,
uye chete marimi
pasi rinovhenekera.
Ndinoda kumakuva
yevakafa zvakanaka zvakaputirwa,
kuyerera ropa uye silt
izvo zvinodzivirira kufema,
uye ipapo mufi
nechitarisiko chakasuruvara
neruoko rusina tsitsi
dehenya rinopwanya.
Ndakafara kuona bhomba
kuwa vanyoro kubva kudenga,
uye asingafambi pasi,
hapana tambo sezviri pachena,
uye ipapo hasha
iyo inoputika uye iyo inodedera
uye kuraswa chiuru kurutsa
uye vakafa kwese kwese.
Dai kutinhira kukandimutsa
nehupombwe hwayo,
uye nenyika ivete
kukuvhundutsa,
chii gehena nguva dzese
muwirei musingaverengwi,
regai nzvimbo inodzika
Ndinoda chaizvo kuona.
Murazvo wemoto
iye ngaamhanye achiparadza
uye kufa kurongedza
Ndinoda kubatidza;
kunogocha mutana ipapo,
ivai tii yese,
uye unzwe kuti inonzwika sei,
Zvinofadza sei!
Ndinoda kumaruwa
chando chakasimudzwa,
yemaruva akabviswa,
pasina michero, pasina greenery,
hapana shiri dzinoimba,
hakuna zuva rinopenya
uye kungoona zvishoma
rufu kumativi ose.
Ikoko, pane gomo rakasviba,
zuva rakabviswa,
Ndiri kufara kwazvo
mwedzi paunoratidza,
fambisa vanes
nekuseka kukuru
zvakaenzana nemhere
kuzivisa kupera.
Ndinoda izvozvo kugehena
kutakura vanhu vanofa
uye ipapo zvakaipa zvese
itai kuti vatambure;
vhura matumbu avo,
bvarura tendon yavo,
kuputsa mwoyo
vasina ivo nyaya yekuita.
Nzira isina kujairika
mafashama anobereka vega,
kubva kumusoro kusvika kumusoro inouya,
uye inotsvaira kwese kwese;
anotora mombe
uye mizambiringa isina kumbomira,
uye zviuru zvinokuvadza,
Zvinofadza sei!
Manzwi nekuseka
mutambo, mabhodhoro,
kutenderedza runako
ndinofara kukurumidza;
uye mumiromo yavo yekuchiva,
nekubata kumeso,
kutsvoda kunwa imwe neimwe
chitambi chinofara.
Wobva wapwanya magirazi,
mahwendefa, zvigaro,
uye vhura mapanga,
kutsvaga moyo;
inzwa ma toast gare gare
yakasangana nekuchema
kuti vakakuvadzwa vanokanda
mumisodzi nekuvhiringidzika.
Ndinofara kunzwa imwe
chema waini,
apo muvakidzani wako
unowira mukona;
uye kuti vamwe vatodhakwa,
mune isina kujairika trill,
vanoimbira mwari akasungwa
rwiyo rusina kuchenjera.
Ndinoda vadikani
avete pamibhedha,
hapana shawls pamazamu
nokusunungura bhanhire,
achimuratidzira mazango,
pasina kurongedza bvudzi,
mumhepo chidya chakanaka ...
Mufaro wakadii! Kufungidzira kwakadii!
Mamwe macabre nhetembo iwe unofanirwa kuziva
Espronceda haasi iye chete mudetembi akanyora nhetembo dzakaomarara. Kune vadetembi vazhinji, vese vanozivikanwa uye vasingazivikanwe, avo pane imwe nguva muhupenyu hwavo vakanyora nhetembo dzakasviba. Inonyatso kuzivikanwa neavo vanofarira gothic, tinoda kukusiya pano vamwe mimwe mienzaniso yerudzi urwu rwe subgenre.
Ese ane zvakawanda zvehunhu zvatakambotaura, uye mienzaniso yakanaka yaunogona kufunga nezvayo.
"Mariro aDhiyabhorosi" (Mary Coleridge)
Vanhu vakanaka, Dhiyabhorosi afa!
Ndivanaani vatakuri vanopfeka chifukidziro?
Mumwe wavo anofunga kuti akaurayawo Mwari
nomunondo mumwechetewo wakaurayiwa naSatani.
Mumwe anotenda kuti akaponesa hupenyu hwaMwari;
Dhiyabhorosi aigara ari Mwari wemakakatanwa.
Akapfeka nguo yepepuru.
Mambo akarara akafa.
Akaipisisa emadzimambo haana kubvira atonga
pamwe naMambo akaisvonaka weGehena.
Ndeupi mubairo wekutambudzika kwako?
Iye pachake akafa, asi gehena rinoramba riripo.
Akagadzira bhokisi rake asati afa.
Yakagadzirwa nendarama, yakapetwa kanomwe,
ine mazwi anopenya eayo
uyo akazvirumbidza nekumusiya.
Uchariviga kupi? Kwete pasi pano!
Mumaruva ane chepfu aizozvarwa patsva.
Kwete mugungwa.
Mhepo nemafungu zvaizoisunungura.
Muradzikai pamariro.
Hupenyu hwake hwese akararama mumoto.
Uye apo murazvo wemoto wakasimukira kudenga,
Satani akazove ngirozi yechiedza,
kuita zvirinani basa racho
maaigara achirwa apo aigara pazasi.
"Kutamba kwevarume vakasungirirwa" (Arthur Rimbaud)
Kutamba kwevakaremberedzwa
Ndima dzakanakisa dzevanyori vakatukwa 1
Pamatanda matema ivo vanotamba, vane mutsa mumwe-vakapakata zvombo,
kutamba kwepaladins,
vatambi vasina nyama vaDhiyabhorosi;
vanotamba kuti vanotamba zvisina magumo
mafupa eSaladin.
Monsignor Belzebú anodhonza tie
yevana vavo vatema, avo vanogadzirira kumatenga,
uye nekuvapa yakanaka sneaker pahuma
anovamanikidza kuti vatambe kune mutinhimira weKisimusi Carol!
Vashamiswa, maputi aya anobata maoko avo akanaka:
kunge nhengo nhema, mazamu akaboorwa,
kuti kamwe vasikana vanyoro vakagumbatira
Vanotsvaira uye vanosanganidzana, murudo runotyisa.
Vatambi vanofara vakarasikirwa nedumbu rako,
ruka zvako pranks nekuti iyo tablao yakafara,
Ngavasazive, naMwari, kana kuri kutamba kana kurwa!
Akatsamwa, Bheerizebhubhi anoridza ma violin ake!
Zvitsitsinho zvakashata; shangu dzako hadzimboperi!
Ivo vese vakabvisa nguvo yavo yemvere.
izvo zvasara hazvityisi uye zvinoonekwa zvisina nyadzi.
Pamadehenya avo, chando chakaisa kapu chena.
Gunguwo ndiyo yepamusoro yemisoro iyi yakaputsika;
Anoremberera chidimbu chenyama paganda rake rakaonda.
Vanotaridzika, pavanotendeuka mumakwikwi erima,
akaomarara paladins, aine makadhibhokisi fenzi.
Rega mhepo iridze muridzo mumapfupa emapfupa!
Uye matanda matema anovhara senhengo yesimbi!
uye mapere anopindura kubva mumasango epepuru:
dzvuku, kumusoro, kudenga igehena ...
Ndirove ini kune aya mafituru macaptain
iro reel, ladinos, neminwe mirefu yakaputsika,
rozari yerudo kune rake rakachenuruka vertebrae:
Kufa, isu hatisi pano mumamongi!
Uye kamwe kamwe, pakati peiyi macabre kutamba
svetukira mudenga rakatsvuka, kupenga, mafupa makuru,
inotakurwa nekumhanyisa, kunge mbichana mbichana
uye, ndichinzwa tambo ichiri yakaoma pamutsipa wangu,
anochinjisa minwe yake mipfupi kurwisa chikadzi chiri kubanda
nekuchema kunorangarira kuseka kunotyisa,
uye kuti gomo regomo rinomuka sei mudumba rake,
anotanga kutamba kwake zvakare kurira kwemabhonzo.
Pamatanda matema ivo vanotamba, vane mutsa mumwe-vakapakata zvombo,
kutamba kwepaladins,
vatambi vasina nyama vaDhiyabhorosi;
vanotamba kuti vanotamba zvisina magumo
mafupa eSaladin.
"Kuzvidemba" (Charles Baudelaire)
Paunenge warara, runako rwangu rima,
pasi peguva rakagadzirwa nematombo machena,
uye kana uchinge uine chete yekurara neyekugara
hunyoro hunyoro uye guva rakasangana;
apo ibwe, kunyura bhokisi rako rinotyisa
uye torso rako rakazorodzwa nekusava nehanya kunonaka,
chengetedza mwoyo wako kuti urege kurova uye kushuva,
uye rega tsoka dzako dzimhanye mujaho wako une njodzi,
guva, chivimbo chekurota kwangu kusingaperi
(nekuti guva rinogara richinzwisisa mudetembi),
muhusiku hurefu hwakareba uko hope dzinorambidzwa,
Iye achati kwauri: «Zvakanakirei iwe, asina kukwana courtesan,
kusamboziva izvo zvinochema vakafa? ».
"Uye honye ichakuruma paganda rako sekuzvidemba."
"Akaparadzaniswa" (Marcelone Desbordes-Valmore)
Usandinyorere. Ndine shungu, ndinoshuva kufa.
Zhizha pasina iwe hwakafanana nehusiku husiku.
Ndakavhara maoko angu, havagone kukumbundikira,
Kukumbira moyo wangu, kukumbira guva.
Usandinyorere!
Usandinyorere. Ngatidzidzei kufa matiri chete.
Bvunza Mwari chete… iwe wega, kuti Akakuda sei!
Kubva mukusavapo kwako kwakadzika, kunzwa kuti unondida
Zvakafanana nekunzwa denga usingakwanise kusvika kwariri.
Usandinyorere!
Usandinyorere. Ndinokutyai uye ndinotya ndangariro dzangu;
vakachengeta izwi rako, iro rinondidaidza kazhinji.
Usaratidze mvura mhenyu asingakwanise kuinwa.
Iyo inodiwa calligraphy mufananidzo mupenyu.
Usandinyorere!
Usandinyorere mameseji anotapira: Ini handidi kuaverenga:
zvinoita sekunge izwi rako, mumoyo mangu, rinovadururira;
Ndinovaona vachipenya kuburikidza nekunyemwerera kwako;
sekunge kutsvoda, mumoyo mangu, kunovatema.
Usandinyorere!
Nhetembo yakanyanyisa kusuwa, kana munhu atorasa tariro. Anongoda kurwadziwa nekuti haasisina kana tariro. Zvinosuruvarisa, asi zvinonzwisisika. Izvo hazvisi zvekupa kune anodikanwa mukadzi, iko kukanganwa kunyengedza uye kusiiwa kwerudo rwevanhu.
«Yakarasika» ine h: kubva muchiito tine
Ndiani waanoreva kana achiti "mwari akasungwa"? ... ndiBacchus?
Ivo vakanaka uye vakapenya
Ndinofunga iwe unoreva Cupid.
Ndakaiverenga ndiri mudiki, mumabasa akazara eEsrronceda ayo ambuya vangu vaive nawo muraibhurari yavo. Ndakaiverenga sewechidiki ndichizvitsvaga ndangariro dzangu semwana. Semunhu mukuru ndinochitsvaga, uye ndinochirangarira zvachose nemoyo, uye maitiro ainosiya padanho rega rega anochinja zvakanyanya. Mifananidzo iyo inomiririra isu inoenda kubva kuseka kuenda kune inotyisa chaiyo yepasi ratiri sevanhu vakuru