Chikamu chenyika chinotora Africa senzvimbo ine mavara, fusion uye zvakasikwa zvinokunda, asi zvakare hurombo, marara uye kusaziva kunokonzerwa nekoloni iyo kwemakore yakapedza tarisiro yenharaunda dzine mukana wakasiyana. Idzi nedzimwe nyaya dzinorapwa kubva kubazi retsika, kunyanya kubudikidza Zvinyorwa zveKenya, nhetembo uye theatre mubhuku Decolonize pfungwa, kubva kuna Ngũgĩ wa Thiong'o, mumwe wevanofunga zvikuru uye vanyori vekondinendi hombe pasirese.
Kugadzirisa Pfungwa: Kufumura Mudzi wedambudziko reAfrica
Kuderedza pfungwa ingangove imwe ye mabhuku akanakisa pamatambudziko eAfrica aunogona kuverenga, zvimwe nekuti inogadzirisa kukakavara kubva pamidzi yayo, ichivimba neunyanzvi nedzidzo sehunhu hwakabatana hwakabatana uye panguva imwe chete hwakapwanywa nehumambo hune hungwaru hunosungirwa nhapwa kwete nevanhu vemu Africa chete, asi neve Asia kana Europe. Latin America, ine vagari vayo munyori anoti "vakatongerwa nyika." Asi ngatiendei muzvikamu.
Dzora pfungwa ndizvo rondedzero inounza pamwechete hurukuro ina dzakaitiswa pakati pa1981 na1985 naNgũgĩ wa Thiong'o, mudzidzi wevanhu veGikuyu, kuKenya, vakatapwa kunze kwenyika kweanopfuura makore makumi maviri nemashanu nekuda kwekushinga kupokana neocolonialism kubva mutsika, chidzidzo chikuru chebhuku.
Imperialism mu Africa munguva ye XNUMXth centuryChirungu, ChiFrench, ChiGerman kana chiPutukezi, yaive tsika yakangogadza chete nyika dzevaAfrica, asi yakavamanikidza kuti vatarise kutsika yavo nekunyara uye kutarisisa zvido zvavo mukutsvaga yekumadokero kune iyo yavaisakwanisa kuwana . Ehezve, muchiratidzo ichi chitsva pakange paine kusiiwa kwakazara kwemabhuku eAfrica (muenzaniso weiyi yaive Congress of African Writers of English Expression yakaitirwa muUganda muna 1962 uye kune iyo nyanduri weTanzania Shabaan Robert, mumwe weanowanikwa pasi rose muAfrica. , haana kukokwa nekuda kwekuti akaburitsa basa rake rese muchiSwahili). Mukudzora Pfungwa Thiong'o anobata neizvi nezvimwe zvinowanwa kubva kune zvese impiriyasi uye neocolonialism, dambudziko guru riripo mu Africa.
Africa inyika yevanhu vazhinji, madzinza nemitauro, yakasarudzika uye nhetembo. Neichi chikonzero, imwe yematanho ekutanga etsika nemagariro yekolonialis iyo iyo West yakaisa Africa kwaive kufurira zvizvarwa zvayo zvitsva nekuisa mutauro wavo kuChirungu kana kushandisa chirongwa chedzidzo umo Ngano dzemuAfrica dzaitsiviwa nemitambo naShakespeare kana TSElliot, yemabhuku umo muono wekuEurope wekunze kwenyika yeTatu Nyika yaive iyo yenzvimbo yemunhu wemusango uye asina hunhu. Uku "kushambidza musoro" muvanhu vemu Africa kwave kuri dambudziko guru kuvagari vemu Africa sekutaura kwaThiong'o, uyo nguva refu pamberi pekutapwa kwake akanyora mutambo waiongorora dambudziko rakadai uye kubudirira pakati pevanhu chikonzero chakakwana kuguma mujeri.
Thiong'o: Iyo gikuyu sechombo
Thiong'o akazvarwa mu1938 muLimuru (Kenya), achive chapupu chakananga che kumukira kweMau Mau yekusununguka kwenyika yake, yakawanikwa muna 1963. Panguva imwecheteyo, uye nekutenda kumakadhi ake akanaka, akakwanisa kuwana mukana semudzidzi kukirasi yevahedheni vepamusoro vakaita (uye vachiramba vachidaro) sarudzo dzakakosha kwazvo nyika, chinzvimbo chakamutendera kuti aite zvekudzivirira mitauro midiki netsika. Pakati penyaya dzaThiong'o dzatinowana Rwizi pakati pa (1965), Mbeu yegorosi (1967) kana, munguva pfupi yapfuura, Iyo Raven Witcher (2006). Nekudaro, dombo repakona rebasa rake raizove kunyorwa kwemutambo Ngaahika Ndeenda, wakaitirwa kuKamiriitu Community Cultural and Educational Center muna 1977 uye chikonzero nei, gore rakatevera, Thiong'o akaendeswa kujeri. Ndipo paainyora basa rake rekutanga gikuyu, Caitaani Mutharabaini, pabepa remuchimbuzi rakakora zvakakwana, "umambo" hwemauto kuita kuti vasungwa vemuno vatambure kunyangwe vachienda kuchimbuzi. Mushure mekusunungurwa mutirongo, Thiong'o nemhuri yake vakatamira kuUnited States, kubva uko munyori akaenderera mberi achidzivirira zvaaida.
Kugadzirisa Pfungwa rinogona kunge riri bhuku rakajeka kwazvo remunyori nezvematambudziko eAfrica. Muchokwadi, ini ndichatora mazwi nezwi mamwe emakotesheni kubva mubhuku sehumbowo hwechisimba chazvino:
Kudzidza kuenderera kwenhoroondo yetsika: sei isingagone kuve yeAfrica? Sei zvinyorwa zvemuAfrica zvisingakwanise kuve pakati, kuti tikwanise kufunga dzimwe tsika maererano nazvo?
Nekudaro, kubva mukufona uku kuenda kuchiito kunomuka dambudziko hombe mu Africa nhasi, sekureva kwaThiong'o:
Iyo neocolonial nyika ndiko kuramba kwekufambira mberi nekusimudzira kweAfrica. Kukundwa kwe impiriyaliya uye neocolonialism, uye nekudaro, kusunungurwa kwezvisikwa uye zviwanikwa zvevanhu uye nezvose zvinobudirira zverudzi kwaizove kutanga kwechokwadi kufambira mberi nekusimudzira kweAfrica.
Mazuva ndisati ndatanga bhuku randaive ndagadzirira nyaya pane neocolonialism yakaiswa muCape Verde iyo yakave inopfuura kufurirwa nemazwi Thiong'o.
Iye murume akaisa hupenyu hwake panjodzi kuti achinje mutauro uye hunhu hunotorwa kubva pahwo kuita chombo chakanakisa chekutsvaga runyararo, chekuenzana kwevanhu vemuAfrica zvine chekuita nenyika inodzvinyirira.
Chinhu choga chandinogona kuramba mutongo wako wekuvhura: marara uye kusaziva? Ini ndinofunga zvine njodzi kutsanangura kondinendi yese pasi pemashoko aya. Ini ndinodzorera iwo mubvunzo: chii chaunoona iwe paunotarisa wakananga kuEurope? Rucheno netsika? Iwe uri kufungidzira kuti mu Africa hapana tsika isina nharo inoitsigira uye kuisimbisa, ichienderera mberi nemufananidzo wayo wehutsinye, nekuda kwekuti tsika yaro yakasiyana neyako, uye imomo mune dambudziko.
Uri kuita chikanganiso chekuzvisimbisa pachokwadi chekuti magariro ako uye / kana tsika tsika mitemo yepasirese, uye kuti zvese izvo zvakasiyana kana kunze kwekanononi hazvina kunaka.
Ndeapi mareferenzi ako? Zvakanyatso kudikanwa here kupa iwo mufananidzo we Africa kuti ivhure chinyorwa (icho kazhinji kazhinji chakanyanya kunaka)?
Ndine urombo kana ndikanzwika nehasha.