Imwe kumonyoroka.
Yakabudiswa muna 1898, Imwe kumonyoroka ndiye anonyanya kuzivikanwa uye anonyanya kutaurwa nezve basa remunyori ane mukurumbira uye mutsoropodzi wemabhuku Henry James. Iyo inoverengeka yezvipoko nezvipoko munzira yakatendeka kwazvo ye "yechinyakare" nyaya dzegothic. Asi ine huwandu hwezvinhu zvitsva uye zvitsva zvinosiya vaverengi vachishamisika sezvavanogutsikana.
Munyori ndomumwe wevanonyanya kutsikisa zvinyorwa zvekuona. Muchokwadi, zvinotora iyi pfungwa kune iyo muganho. Zvinotombogoneka kuita ongororo yeiyi novella pasina kuburitsa zvimwe zvehurongwa (hunonyanya kuzivikanwa se vaparadzi). Kunyangwe mune ino kesi, kuziva zvimwe zvinhu pamberi hakuregi misiyano mizhinji.
Nezve munyori, Henry James
Ndiro rimwe remazita akakosha kwazvo muAnglo-Saxon zvinyorwa zvechokwadi uye zvemazuva ano. Kune vazhinji, Imwe kumonyoroka -Kunyangwe iri gore rekumisikidzwa - zviri pachena zvinoratidza pekutanga kwesangano remazuva ano. Izvo, akadzora mavara muChirungu mukati mehafu yekutanga yezana ramakore rechiXNUMX.
Henry James Akazvarwa muNew York muna Kubvumbi 15, 1843, mumhuri ine hupfumi. Baba vake, vachishuvira vana vavo kuti vaone nyika kuburikidza nemaziso avo, vakamutumira kunodzidza kuEurope. Aive muParis uyezve muLondon. Mune rino guta rekupedzisira aipedza hwakawanda hwoupenyu hwake.
Maitiro akangwara
Zvinyorwa zvake zvave pamiromo yevaverengi vazhinji kubvira pakuonekwa kwavo. Kunyange zvakadaro, kutengesa kwakagadzirwa kwanga kusingakwani kuti James ararame nyore. Nekudaro, izvi hazvina kumutadzisa kuenda asingavhiringidzike madenderedzwa epamusoro eEuropean bourgeoisie, kunyanya maBritish.
Zvinoenderana nezvakareururwa nemunyori, nharo dzakanakisa dzakawanikwa neku "snooping." Mune mamwe mazwi, nekuteerera kazhinji kune zvakajairika kutaurirana kwemaChirungu ekumusoro echelons, munyori weAmerica akapedza kupukuta zvimwe zvebasa rake.
"Hapana muporofita munyika mavo"
MuUnited States, mukati memakumi maviri emakore ekutanga ezana ramakore rechiXNUMX, zvinyorwa zvake hazvina kumutsa kufarira kukuru pakati pevatsoropodzi. Nekudaro - pamusoro pekufungisisa kwekunyora - ongororo dzaishandiswa kuve dzakanyanya kuzviisa pasi. Zvakanaka, chaizvo vaive kunyunyuta kumunyori nezvechisarudzo chake chekugara sevatorwa.
British pakupedzisira
Asati afa, kwakauya chitsauko chinosimbisa chekuzorora kwaJames nenyika yake yekuzvarwa. Apo maBritish akaitwa nyika muna 1915 sekupokana mushure mesarudzo dzeUnited States dzekusajoinha maAllies munguva yeHondo Huru. Mukutsiva, mukati memakore mushure mekufa kwake, mabhuku avo zvakatsakatika mumashalofu kubva kuzvitoro zvemabhuku zveAmerica.
Henry James.
Parizvino, basa rekunyora raHenry James rinowanzo kukosheswa zvakanyanya, asi "kuyananiswa" nenyika yeAmerica ichiri kure nekupedzisa. Zvakangooma sekunzwisisa Kuchine zvikamu mukati me "mubatanidzwa" zvinopesana nekuzvipa zvakakodzera. Zvikuru zvekuti vauya kuzomudzinga semumwe munyori "anotonhora" wechiRungu.
Analysis of Imwe kumonyoroka
Unogona kutenga inoverengeka apa: Imwe kumonyoroka
Musoro wenyaya ino ndeye chirevo chemisimboti. Nyaya yake inoruka zvinyorwa zvekutyisa uye zvakavanzika zvinoshamisa nenzira yekuti zvinoonekwa sezvakajairika hazvichadaro. Mukukosha, ibhuku rine rima uye gothic rangano, rakaiswa mune rakasuruvara imba yeVictorian kumucheto kweLondon, rakakomberedzwa nemasango makobvu.
Kuti upedze jongwe, pakati pevanyori pane zvipoko zviviri, zviverengero zvine "zvinyorwa zvehupenyu" zvakasvibiswa nezvivi zvisingaregererwe. Kunyanya, mhosva hombe ingadai iri yekupa mukuedzwa kwenyama ... bonde risina hunhu (dingindira rakajairika munaJames, zvichikonzera ruvengo).
Hapana chiri zvazvinoita?
Iwo ma protagonists e Imwe kumonyoroka ivo vaviri vevana "vasina mhosva" (Flora naMiles). Iyo, panguva iyoyo, yaimiririra kushomeka kushanduka. Saizvozvo, kukura kuzere nezvipoko, vakafa, uye bonde raive "rakanyanya kusimba" mubatanidzwa. Saka, kune vazhinji vaverengi uye vanyori vanotsoropodza venguva yake, zvaisave nyore kuronga kugaya.
Chero zvazvingaitika, chinhu chaicho chaicho chaJames mashandisiro ake maonero. Iko iko kurondedzerwa kwenyaya kunongotariswa chete pahunhu hweanotungamira (anoona nezve kuchengeta vana vambotaurwa). Ipapo, vaverengi (uye kunyangwe vatambi) vane zvakasarudzika zviitiko zvemusikana uyu ane makore makumi maviri ekuburitsa zvakavanzika zvakaitika.
Munyori asingavimbike
James anomhan'arira kuvaverengi vake dambudziko risingadzivisike, iro, zvinoenderana nemhedzisiro yakasvikwa nemumwe nemumwe, inokanganisa dudziro yekupedzisira yakapihwa nyaya yacho. Mupfungwa iyi, iyo poindi inomutsa mimwe mibvunzo ndeyekuti chete mufambisi ndiye anogona kuona zvipoko nezvipoko. Zvinoitika zviitiko zveparanormal zvinoitika here kana kuti zvese zviri mumusoro memukadzi uyu?
Henry James quote.
Pamusoro pezvo, mumwe wevatambi vechipiri, mushandi wepamba asina moyo uye ane moyo wakanaka, anotyiswa nezviitiko zvemweya wepamba. Zvirokwazvo musikana uyu haatombo pupurira chero chipoko chemweya. Sezvinei, kutya kwake kunoenderana chete nekutya kwakatangwa nekuteerera kune nyaya dzemudzidzisi wechidiki.
Kurambidzwa kukwezva
Kuwedzera kumwe kubvunza kumufananidzo we mudiki uye akanaka governess, anokwezva zvisingaite nababamunini vevanyori. Iye anoitawo semuchengeti wepamutemo zvichitevera kufa kwevabereki vekubereka vevana.
Panguva ino, makumi maviri nechimwe chinhu nemhando idzi dzemanzwiro - dzimwe nguva zvinotsanangurwa zvakanyanya sekukwezva kunodakadza pane kunzwa kweplato - zvakaringana kupokana kusafunga kwake kwakanaka Huwandu hweizvi nezvimwe zvinhu zvinomutsa kusahadzika kwevaverengi.
Basa risingapfuure mumitemo yese
James anovandudza nyaya yake zvakanangana, musiyano nemaitiro akakurumbira muhuwandu hwekutaura kwake. Naizvozvo, tsananguro dzinogumira pakupa ruzivo rwakanangana nekugadzika, asi pasina kufara. Iko (kunotyisa) manzwiro anopfuudzwa neiye governess kuchengetedza uye kukudza iyo tension peji nepeji.
Kunyangwe ivo vanhu vasina kuverenga Imwe kumonyoroka, zvirokwazvo vakasangana nerimwe basa zvakananga kana zvisina kunangana yenyaya iyi. Pakati pekuwanda kwemafirimu, pane imwe ine mamiriro ekunze anoratidza zvakatipoteredza zvakagadzirwa naJames: Vamwe vacho (2001) naAlejandro Amenábar.