El 18 de julio de 1817 akafa Jane Austen, akavigwa muguta re Winchester. ndanga ndine 41 makore uye hupenyu hwake hauna kuongorora zviitiko zvakakosha, asi akawana kubva pakutanga iyo kugamuchirwa kwakanaka uye kuzivikanwa kubasa rake. Nhoroondo dzake iwo akanyatsoratidza uye akatsanangura, pamwe nekubata kwekusanzwisisa, iyo manzwiro uye hunhu hwebourgeois nzanga maaigara.

Nekufamba kwenguva zvinyorwa izvi hazvina kurasa runako kana zvadzo simba rekukwezva uye nemanzwiro. Nyaya dzisingakanganwiki uye mavara kuti isu tese takaverenga kana kuona pane imwe nguva uye izvo zvakamaka yedu mweya wekudanana. Nhasi ndinozviongorora rakanyanya kukosha basa semutero mudiki kune chimiro chake chakakura kwazvo.

Kuzvikudza uye kufungira zvisizvo

"Ichokwadi chinogamuchirwa pasi rese kuti murume wega wega ane hupfumi hwakawanda anoda mukadzi." Ndiwo mavambo ekusarudza uye anotsanangura rebasa rake rinotarisisa uye rakakurumbira pamwe. Akatanga kunyora mukati 1796 asi haina kuburitswa kusvika 1813. Mariri, Austen anotaurira nyaya ye vanasikana vashanu vaMai Bennett, uyo asina chimwe chinangwa muhupenyu hwake kunze kwekuzadzisa muchato wakanaka kwavari vese. Uye pakati pevamiriri vaakachinjanisa pane majaya maviri akapfuma, Mr. bingley nashe Darcy.

Patova nehukama pakati pemwanasikana wedangwe, Jane, naVaBingley zvinoita kunge vane ramangwana rakanaka asi, pasi pesimba raVaDarcy, hazvibudirire. Zvisinei, kupindira kwe Elizabeth, mwanasikana wechipiri, anonzwisisa uye anopandukira, Ichachinja mafambiro ezviitiko.

Kuzvikudza uye kufungira zvisizvo ine zvinyorwa zvese zvakakosha zvebasa raAusten. Iyo inodzvinyirira nharaunda yemhuri, kumanikidzwa kwemuchato, kirasi musiyano, iyo tarisheni yehurombo uye kusimba kwekunzwa yeiyo heroine yakatsunga, asi ndiani zvakare asina kururama.

Zvirokwazvo kwave kuri kuendeswa kumafirimu pazviitiko zvakawanda, zvichangobva kuitika, mu 20o5. Inotungamirwa naJoe Wright uye nyeredzi mukombe anotungamirirwa na Keira Knightley y Matthew macfadyen.

Kunzwisisa uye Kunzwisisa

De 1811. Rimwe remabasa ake anozivikanwa iyo inotaurira nyaya ye hanzvadzi dzaDashwood, Elinor naMarianne. Ivo vakasiyana zvachose nekuti mu Elinor inotungamira pfungwa yakajairika y Marianne inotakurwa nechikuru kungwara. Uye vese mavara uye maitiro ane njodzi dzawo.

Elinor naMarianne vanogara naamai vavo uye munun'una mudiki Margaret. Mushure mekufa kwababa vake, nhaka yemhuri inoenda kuna mukoma wake, John Dashwood, iye chete chizvarwa chemurume uye mwanakomana kubva kumuchato wekutanga. Saka mhuri anochengeta chero chinhu uye anotamira kune imwe imba diki iri munyika inopihwa nehama. Ikoko hanzvadzi dzeDashwood dzichasangana nevarume vatatu: Edward Ferrars, Sir John Willoughby naColonel Brandon. Uye vese vachawana zvese rudo uye kuora mwoyo. Pakati, zvakawanda kurangana nekusanzwisisana izvo zvinotungamira kumhedzisiro zvinoenderana neumwe neumwe.

Zvakare zvakagadziriswa kazhinji kune ese ari maviri mafirimu uye terevhizheni, iyo shanduro chinonyanya kuyeukwa ndechekuti 1995naAng Lee, na Emma Thompson y Kate Winslet kufanana nasisi veDashwood.

Mune zvangu

Yakatumirwa mukati 1815, inotaura nyaya ya Emma huni imba, akangwara asi akaparadzawo mukadzi wechidiki anoomerera pane mechi kushamwari dzako dzese. Kana governess yake, shamwari, uye akavimba achifunga zvekuroora, anofanirwa kusangana neicho chaicho chisina basa muhupenyu hwake. Kune izvi anozozvipira pakuedza kuti vamwe vatungamire hupenyu hwakakwana sezvaanofunga kuti hwake.

Asi mabasa ake ese e manzwiro ekunyengera ichagadzira yakavakomberedza yakawanda tangles, kusanzwisisana uye kuvhiringidzika. Emma ndiwo mumwe mufananidzo wakajeka wepurovhinzi yeEngland mukutanga kwezana ramakore rechiXNUMX.

Yakagadziriswa kunyangwe komiki uyezve zvakare seyakateedzana, miniseries uye firimu vhezheni. Zvichida chinonyanya kuzivikanwa ndechekuti 1996ne Gwyneth Paltrow semunhu mukuru.

Mansfield Park

De 1814, inoonekwa seinovhita zvakanyanya yakaoma, yakasviba uye yakaoma naAusten. Anotaura nyaya ya Fanny mutengo, unova musikana achiri riinhi babamunini vake vanomutora vagare naye kuimba yavo yemba muMansfield Park, achimununura kubva kuhupenyu hwehurombo. Ikoko iwe unozotanga kunakidzwa nehupenyu huzere nekuzorora uye nekugadziridzwa. Asi mune iyo imba huru yakavanzwawo chokwadi chine njodzi kuti Fanny anozofanira kudzidza kubata nazvo.

Iyi novel inotsanangura a kurongeka uye kushoropodzwa kwemhuri uye nzanga izvo zviri kuchinja mumaziso emukadzi wechidiki anonyara, kune vamwe vanoyevedza uye kune vamwe vasina kukwezva.

Zvekare yaive nyaya yekuchinjika kumufirimu neterevhizheni senge, semuenzaniso, 1999 firimu vhezheni game Frances O'Connor saFanny Mutengo.

Kukwezva

Yaiva yake yazvino novel uyo akatanga kunyora nguva pfupi yapfuura Emma. Yakabudiswa sebasa afa muna 1818. Inobatana ne Northanger Abbey, sezvo ese akaburitswa muvhoriyumu imwe makore maviri gare gare. Uye zvakare nekuti nyaya mbiri idzi dzinoitika mu kugeza, kwaani spa Jane akaenda panguva iyoyo.

Ndiro chete basa rinogona kutsanangurwa se nyaya yerudo. Vamwe vese vanogara vachitaura nezvekutapirirwa kweumwe kana vaviri vakaroorana uye vanopera nemuchato wevanyori, asi iyi ndiyo yega murondedzero inotarisa pamanzwiro e protagonist, Anne Elliot.

Anne mukadzi inonzwisisa, murwere uye isingakoshese, iyo, makore apfuura ndaramba Kune murume waaida kutevera zano rakaipa, ona kuti sei anoonekazve muhupenyu hwake, akapfuma uye anokudzwa asi achiri jilted. Ipapo Anne achaita zvese zvinobvira kuti rudo ruvape iye a wechipiri mukana. Ehezve zvakare isu tine nhandaro inobudirira yenguva.

For the elokuva vhezheni yakaitwa mu 1995 uye nokuda terevhizheni pane nhevedzano ye 2007.

Northanger Abbey

Yakanyorwa pakati 1798 uye 1799, inotaura nyaya ye Catherine MorlandMuvengi anofarira wemagothic novels, anoshandisa nguva yake kushanyira shamwari, saIsabella Thorpe, uye kuenda kumatambiro. Kuna Catherine John Thorpe anozviti, Mukoma waIsabella, uye Henry tilney, mufundisi wechidiki ane rudo rukuru uye ruzivo rwezvakaitika uye zvinyorwa.

Nekudaro, maTilney anokoka Catherine kuti ashanyire purazi rababa vake, Northanger Abbey. Anotarisira kuti kuchasviba, kusakara, uye kuzere nezvakavanzika uye fungidziro, senge enganonyorwa dzaanoverenga. Iko kune kugadzirisa nokuti terevhizheni de 2007.