Mabhuku makumi maviri nemana ane simba muhupenyu hwaGabriel García Márquez

Muhupenyu, zvese zvinotikurudzira, kubva muzvirongwa zveterevhizheni kana nhevedzano yatinoona, kuburikidza nemazano uye mazwi emhuri yedu kana shamwari kumabhuku atinoverenga. Zvakanaka, Gabriel García Márquez aive asiri iye mune izvi, iyewo aive nemafungiro ake, uye isu taziva ndeapi mabhuku makumi maviri nemana ane simba muhupenyu hwemunyori mukuru uyu.

Kana iwe uchida kuvaziva, kana iwe uchida kuziva kuti pakati pemabhuku iwayo ibhuku raunofarira kana iro rakakumaka zvakanyanya, gara uye verenga chinyorwa chedu. Tine mazita uye zvakare madiki madudziro ayo ayo Gabriel García Márquez chakagadzirwa navo panguva yekuverenga kwake.

"The Magic Mountain" naThomas Mann

Iyi runyorwa naThomas Mann yakatanga kunyorwa munenge muna 1912 asi haina kuzoburitswa kusvika 1924. Iri bhuku rehunyanzvi uye rekudzidza rinorondedzera zvakaitika kune wechidiki Hans Castorp muchipatara chepfungwa, chaakapinda kubva pakutanga chete semushanyi.

Iwo madudziro akaitwa naGabo mubhuku iri anotevera:

"Kubudirira kwekutinhira kwaThomas Mann kubva kuThe Magic Mountain kunoda kupindira kwaroctor kutitadzisa kurara husiku hwese, takamirira Hans Castorp naClawdia Chauchat kuti vatsvode. Kana kusanzwisisika kusingawanzo kwedu tese, takagara pamubhedha kuti tirege kupotsa izwi reanokanganisa mafirosofi pakati peNafta neshamwari yake Settembrini. Husiku hwekuverenga hwakagara kweinopfuura awa uye hwaipembererwa muimba yekurara nekuombera maoko ”.

"Murume ari mu Iron Mask" naAlexandre Dumas

Iyo yakasarudzika yakasarudzika iyo yakaitwa kuita bhaisikopo uye izvo sezviri pachena zvine zvakawanda zvekuita noupenyu hwaGG Márquez.

"Ulysses" naJames Joyce

Márquez akataura zvakare nezve iri rakakura basa rakakosha rezvinyorwa zvepasirese. "Ulises" Inotorwa seunyanzvi hunogara hwunodomwa nekuyemurwa sebhuku rezvinyorwa nevanyori vese. Yakatanga kuburitswa muParis muna 1922.

Kubva mairi takawana anotsanangurwa anotevera nemunyori weColombia:

“Rimwe zuva Jorge Álvaro Espinosa, mudzidzi wezvemitemo uyo akange andidzidzisa kushandisa Bhaibheri uye akaita kuti ndidzidze nemusoro mazita akazara eshamwari dzaJobho, akaisa tomu inoyevedza patafura pamberi pangu ndokuzivisa nechiremera chabhishopi. :

Iri ndiro rimwe Bhaibheri.

Yakanga iri, hongu, naJames Joyce, Ulysses, iyo yandakaverenga muzvimedu uye zvimedu kusvikira ndashaya moyo murefu. Raive dama risati rasvika. Makore gare gare, semunhu akura, ndakazvimisikidza iro basa rekuriverenga zvakare nenzira yakakomba, uye kwanga kusiri kungowanikwa kwenyika chaiko kwandisina kumbofungidzira mukati mangu, asi zvakare kwakapa rubatsiro rwakakosha rwehunyanzvi kwandiri, kuburitsa mutauro uye kushandisa nguva nezvimiro mumabhuku angu ”.

"Izwi uye Hasha" naWilliam Faulkner

Nezvebhuku rino, Gabo akataura zvinotevera:

"Ndakaona kuti ruzivo rwangu mukuverenga" Ulysses "pazera ramakore makumi maviri, uye gare gare" Ruzha nehasha ", kwaive kukurumidza kusimba vasina ramangwana, uye ndakafunga kuti ndivaverenge zvakare neziso rimwe shoma rakatsvedza. Chokwadi, zvakawanda zvaiita senge zvinokatyamadza kana hermetic, Joyce naFaulkner, zvakaratidzwa kwandiri panguva iyoyo nerunako runotyisa. "

 Sophocles "Oedipus the King"

Hatizive zuva rebhuku iri asi rinogona kunge rakanyorwa naSophocles mumakore akatevera 430 BC Iri ibasa remashiripiti rinozivikanwa nedambudziko reGreek. Ndiani asina kumbonzwa nezveOedipus?

Kubva pane iri basa rakakura, García Márquez anoti:

“(Munyori) Gustavo Ibarra Merlano akandiunzira hasha dzakarongeka idzo pfungwa dzangu dzakapararira uye dzakagadziriswa, uye kupenga kwemoyo wangu, zvaive zvichinyatsodiwa. Uye izvi zvese nehunyoro hukuru uye hunhu hwesimbi.

[...]

Kuverenga kwake kwaive kureba uye kwakasiyana, asi kwakatsigirwa nekunzwisisa kwakadzama kwevazivi veKaturike venguva, vaakange asina kumbonzwa achitaura. Aiziva zvese zviripo kuziva nezve nhetembo, kunyanya echiGiriki nechiLatin, izvo zvaakaverenga mumavhezheni avo epakutanga… Ndakaona zvichishamisa kuti pamusoro pekuve nehunyanzvi hwakawanda nehunyanzvi, akashambira semhare yeOlympic uye aive muviri wakadzidziswa. Chainyanya kumunetsa nezvangu yaive kushoora kwangu kune njodzi kwechiGiriki nechiLatin, izvo zvandakaona zvichifinha uye zvisina basa, kunze kweiyo Odyssey, iyo yaakatove kuverenga nekuverenga zvekare muzvidimbu nezvidimbu kakawanda muchikoro chesekondari. Uye saka, asati aonekana, akasarudza bhuku-rakasungwa reganda kubva kuraibhurari ndokunditambidza nechunhu, achiti izvi kwandiri: 'Unogona kuve munyori akanaka, asi hauzombove wakanaka kana havana ruzivo rwakanaka rwechiGiriki. " Iri bhuku raive basa rakazara raSophocles. Kubva panguva iyoyo Gustavo anga ari mumwe wevanhu vakasarudza muhupenyu hwangu… ”.

"Imba yeMatenga manomwe" naNathaniel Hawthorne

"Gustavo Ibarra akandikweretesa bhuku" Iyo Imba yeMatenga manomwe "kubva kuna Nathaniel Hawthorne, iyo yakandimaka kweupenyu hwese. Tose pamwe chete takaedza dzidziso yekufa kwechishuvo mukudzungaira kweUlysses, maakarasika uye hatina kumbowana nzira yedu. Hafu yezana ramakore ndakazoona kuti inogadziriswa muzvinyorwa zvinehunyanzvi naMilan Kundera ”.

 "Nyaya yezviuru neusiku humwe"

Izvo zvinoti zvinotevera:

“Ndakatoshinga kufunga kuti zvishamiso zvakataurwa naSherazade zvakanyatsoitika muhupenyu hwezuva nezuva hwenguva yake, uye ndakamira kubva mukuitika nekuda kwekusatenda uye kutya kwechokwadi kwezvizvarwa zvakatevera. Nechikonzero chimwe chete ichi, zvaiita kunge zvisingaite kuti mumwe munhu wenguva yedu atende zvakare kuti unogona kubhururuka pamusoro pemaguta nemakomo pakapeti, kana kuti muranda anobva kuCagagena de Indias anorarama makore mazana maviri muhombodo sechirango, kunze kwekunge munyori wenyaya aigona kuita kuti vaverengi vake vatende ”.

"Iyo Metamorphosis" naFranz Kafka

Avo vakaverenga bhuku iri vanoti kuriverenga kwakaoma, kuti kuriverenga nekurinzwisisa unofanirwa kuva nerwendo rwekunyora uye kuti kana warinzwisisa, unoritora serimwe remabasa akanyanya kunyorwa.

Tsanangudzo dzaGabo kubhuku iri dzaive dzinotevera:

“Handina kuzomborara nehunhu hwangu hwekare zvekare. Iri bhuku rakamisikidza gwara nyowani yehupenyu hwangu kubva kumutsara waro wekutanga, unova nhasi ndewemumwe wemakuru ezvinyorwa zvepasirese . Ndakaona kuti zvaive zvisina basa kuratidza chokwadi: zvaive zvakakwana kuti munyori anyore chimwe chinhu kuti chive chokwadi, pasina humbowo kunze kwesimba retarenda rake uye nemvumo yezwi rake. Yakanga iri Sherezade kwese zvakare, kwete mune yake yemireniyoni yenyika uko zvese zvaigoneka, asi mune imwe nyika isinga gadziriswe mairi zvese zvakange zvatorasika. Pandakapedza kuverenga Metamorphosis ndakanzwa chishuwo chisingadzivisike chekugara muparadhiso yevatorwa iyi ”.

"Mai Dalloway" naVirginia Woolf

Izvo zvaakacherekedza zvinotevera:

“Ndiko kaive kekutanga kunzwa zita raVirginia Woolf, anonzi naGustavo Ibarra anonzi Old Lady Woolf, saMutana Faulkner. Kushamisika kwangu kwakamufemera kuti afarire. Akatora murwi wemabhuku waakange andiratidza sewaaifarira ndokuaisa mumaoko angu.

Kwandiri vaive pfuma isingafungidzike yandisingashinga kuisa panjodzi apo ndaive ndisina kana gomba raisiririsa kwandaigona kuzvichengeta. Pakupedzisira akazvirega kuti andipe iyo Spanish vhezheni yaVirginia Woolf Mai Dalloway, pamwe nekufungidzira kusingafadzi kuti ndaizodzidza nemusoro.

"Ndakaenda kumba nemhepo yemunhu anga awana nyika."

"Iwo Mapango emaWild" zvakare naWilliam Faulkner

Wild Palm Trees ibhuku rakanyorwa naWilliam Faulkner muna 1939. Musoro waro wekutanga wakatorwa kubva muBhaibheri, kubva muPisarema 137 ndima 5.

"Pandinoisa Kufa" naWilliam Faulkner

Mubhuku rino tinopinda muhupenyu hwemhuri yekumaodzanyemba iyo inoita rwendo rwakakwana nechinangwa chekuviga chitunha chakaora chaamai vavo.

Iri ibhuku rine imwe nhetembo mutinhimira kunyangwe rakanyorwa muchiprozi. Kune izvo, William Faulkner aive nyanzvi.

 "Sekuru Tom Cabin" naHarriet Beecher Stowe

Iyo inonyanyisa kutsoropodza nehuranda, hunzenza hwayo uye kunyanya nehuipi hwemamwe marudzi evanhu. Yakaburitswa munaKurume 20, 1852 uye yakagadzira makakatanwa mazhinji, kunyanya muUS. Kunyangwe zvakadaro, raive bhuku rechipiri rakatengwa zvakanyanya panguva iyoyo, mushure meBhaibheri, iri bhuku rinotengeswa zvakanyanya muzana rese ramakore rechi2. . Kune aya data ega, zvakakodzera kuverenga kana usati watove.

"Moby-Dick" naHerman Melville

Ndiani asingazive bhuku ra "Moby-Dick"? Kunyangwe ikozvino iri riano inozivikanwa kune vese, isu tinofanirwa kutaura kuti musimboti haina kubudirira.

Chinyorwa chayo chekutanga chakagadzirwa muna 1851, kunyanya muna Gumiguru 18.

Chimwe chakakosha chokwadi chaungave iwe usiri kuziva ndechekuti iyo novel yakavakirwa pane maviri chaiwo kesi:

• Iyo epic iyo whaler yakatambura zimbabwe payakarwiswa nesperm whale muna 1820.
• Iyo kesi yealbino sperm whale yakatsvedza Mocha Island (Chile) muna 1839.

 "Vanakomana uye Vanoda" naDH Lawrence

Yakaburitswa muna 1913 uye yakaiswa pachinzvimbo chegumi nepfumbamwe chezana zana enganonyorwa dzakanakisa dzezana ramakore rechi9 rakataurwa neThe Modern Library.

Mune ino nganonyorwa tinogona kuona kuvandudzwa kwemhuri yepasi-yepakati-yepakati-inoshanda yemhuri, mune mune zvimwe zviitiko zvekutanga kurara pabonde.

"El Aleph" naJorge Luis Borges

Pano Borges, akapa humbowo hwehupenyu hwake, achiburitsa bhuku rakashoropodza munhu, iro raanofunga kuti harikwanise kutarisana nekusingaperi "kunogona".

Kana iwe uchida kuverenga yakazara yakazara biography nezveBorges, heino izvi link. Iwe unozochida kana iwe uchizviona iwe se "Borgiano"! Uye iwe unogona zvakare kuziva pano ayo aivewo mabhuku makumi manomwe nemana ayo Borges akakurudzira iwo emhando yepamusoro.

Iko kuunganidzwa kwenyaya dzakanyorwa naErnest Hemingway

Izvo hazvigoneke kuti GG Márquez asatume zita Hemingway nemabasa ake. Ernest, sekutaura kwatakaita Borges mundima yapfuura, akaitawo runyorwa rwake rwemabhuku akakurudzirwa. Kana iwe uchida kuziva izvo zvavari, iwe unofanirwa kungobaya pano.

Counterpoint naAldous Huxley

Zviri pasina mubvunzo iro rakanakisa basa raAldous Huxley. Yakaburitswa muna 1928 uye sekutaura kwevatsoropodzi ine mukurumbira uye inobudirira kwazvo.

Mubasa iri mune mabhuku akawanda senge mimhanzi tsika, nekuti Huxley anoonekwa seanotangisa "mimhanzi."

"YevaMakonzo nevarume" naJohn Steinbeck

Iri bhuku rine zvakawanda zvekuita nemunyori waro, sezvo rakavakirwa pane zvakaitika kuna Steinbeck semurume asina pekugara muma20.

Iri bhuku ndere mutauro wakanangana, kusvika padanho rekuti vamwe vatsoropodzi vanohutora semutauro wakashata uye wakashata.

Munyori waro aizohwina mubairo weNobel wemabhuku muna 1962.

"Mazambiringa eKutsamwa" naJohn Steinbeck

Nemunyori mumwecheteyo seuyo akapfuura, "Mazambiringa Ekutsamwa" akagamuchira Mubairo wePulitzer muna 1940. Raive basa rine nharo muzuva raro, sezvo raive bhuku raidarika panguva iyoyo.

Fodya Mugwagwa naErskine Caldwell

Iri bhuku rinotaurira nyaya yemhuri yaLester. Mhuri yevarombo inofambira fodya.

Nhoroondo inosanganisirwa muchikwata chinonzi kumaodzanyemba gothic, uko tsvina, kusuwa uye kunetsekana ndizvo zvakajairika maitiro mukukura kwayo.

"Nhau" naKatherine Mansfield

Iyo nyaya uye ngano dzaKatherine Mansfield, uyo akadaidzwa chaizvo Kathleen Beauchamp, tinogona kuvawana muzvinyorwa zviviri zvavo Pfupi nyaya, rimwe rakaburitswa muna 2000 naEticiones Cátedra uye rimwe rakanyorwa naEriciones El País.

"Manhattan Transfer" naJohn Dos Passos

Iyi nhoroondo inowanzoenzaniswa ne "The Great Gatsby," zvichipa kufanana kwavanazvo.

Zvese zvinoitika muNew York, mavara anoonekwa, mamwe anonyangarika kuita pasina uye vamwe, vazhinji vacho, vane chinongedzo.

Kubudirira kwese kweruzivo kunoitika pamusoro pemakore makumi matatu.

"Mufananidzo waJennie" naRobert Nathan

Paint akarwadziwa nekurasikirwa nekufemerwa kwake rimwe zuva rechando anosangana nemusikana muCentral Park akapfeka zvechinyakare. Kubva panguva iyoyo zvichienda mberi, kumwe kusangana kunoteedzana, nehunyanzvi kuti munguva pfupi musikana anoshanduka kuita musikana akanaka, uyo mupendi anowira murudo naye. Asi Jennie anoviga chakavanzika ...

Mafirimu maviri akagadzirwa zvichibva mubhuku iri, rimwe kuSpain uye rimwe kuVenezuela.

"Orlando" naVirginia Woolf

Inotorwa seimwe yeanonyanya kufarirwa uye akaverengerwa mabhuku eVirginia Woolf. Isu tinofungidzira, muchidimbu, imhaka yekuti akatsunga kunyora nezvezvimwe zvinhu zvisingabvumirwe panguva iyoyo: ungochani, kusangana pabonde kwevakadzi, pamwe nebasa revakadzi (munyori, mukadzi wemba, ...).

Iwe wafungei nezve zvirevo zvakaitwa naGarcía Márquez pamabhuku aya? Unobvumirana naye here? Wakaverenga akawanda emabhuku aya kana, zvinopesana, wakangoona here kuti iwe uchiri kushaya rakakura renyika nyika yekuziva?