Tsvaga muhupenyu uye nebasa remunyori akaberekerwa Granada Federico Garcia Lorca Icho chishamiso chaicho, nekuti chimwe chinhu chitsva chinogara chichiwanikwa. Nhasi tauya kuzoita chaizvo izvo: nyatso, nyatsoongorora zvakadzika mune rimwe remabasa ake anozivikanwa. Isu tinoongorora muchidimbu basa racho "Gypsy kudanana" kubva kuFG Lorca, iwe uchagara nesu here?
"Gypsy kudanana"
Iri basa renhetembo "Gypsy kudanana" yakanga yakanyorwa uye rakaburitswa nanyanduri Federico García Lorca in the gore 1928 uye irwo runyorwa rweyese gumi nematanhatu erudo, ane madingindira anotenderedza nyika yekunyepedzera yemagypsi, inobata nemisoro senge yepasirose seyakaipisisa inotiperekedza tese panguva pfupi muhupenyu hwedu, kushungurudzika kwezvinhu zvinodikanwa asi zvisingawanikwe , mhosva yekunzwa nekuita zvimwe zvinhu, nezvimwe.
Mutsara wenhetembo mune iri basa unoratidzira syncretism yechizvarwa chakakurumbira cha'27, uko maitiro nemaitiro emunhu zvaakasanganiswa nemadimikira eantant-garde, kusanganisira sechinhu chisiri chinhu chakafanana nanyanduri weGranada, senge yavo zviratidzo zverorca zvakasikwa.
Uye kana iwe uchida kuverenga iri rakanaka kwazvo basa munguva pfupi, tinokurudzira kuti urege kuramba uchiverenga izvozvi. Hatidi kuzivisa chero chinhu kwauri! Dzoka pano kana wapedza kuverenga. Nekudaro, kana iwe uchinge watoverengera uye uchida kuenderera uchizviongorora nesu, ramba uchiverenga.
Rufu rwaAntoñito, el Camborio
Mune iri basa rakakurumbira, ma gypsy anowana chikamu chengano: anomiririra iyo rusununguko simba Kurwisana nemitemo yakasimbiswa uye chinangwa. Lorca, anotarisisa hunhu hwese hwevanhu mavari (vanokudzwa, simba, nezvimwewo) kuti vapandukire uye nekudaro vanotarisana ne njodzi inosuruvarisa izvo zvakamuchengeterwa, izvo zvichiri kukunda uye zvinokunda nerufu rusingadziviriki.
Panguva ino, isu tichaona hunhu hwe Antoñito, iyo Camborio seye archetype yegypsy purebred.
«Rudo rwechirango chitsvuku»
Kubva pakurwisana pakati pechishuwo cherusununguko nerufu, kushushikana kwakadzika kunomuka kunodaidzwa nema gypsi "Chirango chitema". Kuongorora uku uye kutsanangurwa kwekunzwa kwechiGypsy kwe "mutema mutema" kunonzwika mubhuku rake nemumwe Soledad Montoya, uye isu tinokwanisa kumunzwa achitambura mundima dzinotevera dzatinoisa pazasi:
… _Soledad: geza muviri
nemvura yemakwati,
uye siya mwoyo wako
murunyararo, Soledad Montoya.
Pazasi perwizi rwunoimba:
flyer yedenga uye mashizha.
Nemaruva anotumbuka
mwenje mutsva wakapfekedzwa korona.
Ah kunyara maGypsies!
Chirango chakachena uye unogara uri wega.
Ah, rwizi rwakavanzwa kusuwa
uye mambakwedza ari kure!
Iwo madingindira anoitwa neGypsy Ballads
Kunyangwe paine chokwadi chekuti maGypsy maBallads anozivikanwa nekutaura nezvenyaya shomashoma yakadai senyika yechiGypsy, chokwadi ndechekuti Haisi iyo yega nyaya iyo munyori, Federico García Lorca, anodaro. Muchokwadi, mune dzese 18 dzerudo dzinoumba iyo Romancero tinogona kuwana dzakasiyana misoro inofanirwa kuzivikanwa.
Iyo hombe yechokwadi ndeye kudzvinyirira, kushungurudzwa uye hupenyu hwema gypsies, vanhu vagara vari pamipendero yenzanga uye vanoburitswa uye vanokwanisa nezvipikiso zvakashata kana zvakaipa zvehupenyu hwavo.
Nechikonzero ichi, Lorca anoshanda pamadimikira akasiyana siyana munhetembo dzake, achivaudza, senge chokwadi che a kuramba uchirwira nemasimba ekudzvanyirira, kusangana, nzanga yekutengesa, nezvimwe. Zvese izvi zvakanangana nekupa hupenyu nezwi kunzanga diki inozivikanwa uye yakashoreka senge ma gypsies. Ichokwadi ndechekuti munyori iye pachake anotaura nezvekuti kune mazita akakura sei mune ehunyanzvi ari erudzi rwechiGypsy.
Nekudaro, chimwe chinhu icho vashoma kwazvo vanowanzo taura ndechekuti, pamusoro penyaya yegypsies, Lorca Iye zvakare anoita nzvimbo yevakadzi mune rake basa. Hunhu hunomumiririra mune iyi kesi ndiSoledad Montoya, anozivikanwawo saiye «gypsy nun», uye ndiye anogona kutsanangurwa seye "mukadzi chaiye" weva gypsies.
Ehezve, pane dzese dzerudo, kune akawanda madingindira makuru, senge rudo, kufa, misiyano ... Zvese izvi zvinotongwa nema gypsies, asi muchokwadi munyori anokwanisa kuzviburitsa kune mamwe marudzi.
Kupatsanurwa kwerudo: madingindira maviri akasiyana kwazvo
El Romancero Gitano nderimwe remabhuku aLorca aakatanga kunyora muna 1924 uye akaburitswa muna 1928. Tinogona kutaura nezvayo kuva rimwe remabasa anonyanya kukosha emunyori, nemutauro wakanyanyoenderana nemadimikira, mucherechedzo uye nenyaya. Ehezve, zvinomira pachena kuita gypsy uye tsika yeAndalusian kuzivikanwa, pasina kuregeredza dzimwe nyaya.
Lorca anoshanda mune rake gypsy mabhaladhi anotevera iyo nhungamiro yemaballads echinyakare, ndiko kuti, kushandisa nhaurirano pasina kuunza zviito kana kutaura kuti ndiani ari kutaura. Pamusoro pezvo, nyaya inotaurwa haina mavambo, icho chinhu chinotanga kamwe kamwe uye chinogona kugadzira aura yezvakavanzika zvakapoterera nyaya. Nekudaro, dzese dzerudo dzaLorca dzinoonekwa nekushandisa zvakajairika zvimiro zvekurondedzera, anaphora, kudzokorora uye zvakare chiratidzo icho mudetembi chaanoda zvakanyanya.
Sezvatakambotaura kare, inoumbwa ne18 kudanana. Asi izvi zvese hazvitenderi zvizere nezve nyika yechigypsy, asi asi mhando mbiri dzerudo dzinogona kuwanikwa dzichiparadzaniswa nezvakada kutaurwa naLorca nezvavo.
Saka, une:
Kudanana 1 kusvika ku15
Izvi ndizvo inotarisa zvakananga kuma gypsies. Asi mavari mune mamwe akakosha madiki akadai sekufa, vakadzi, nezvimwe. Muchokwadi, shanu dzeiri boka renhetembo dzakanangana nevakadzi. Isu tinotaura nezve: Precious nemhepo; Kurara kurara Kudanana, Iyo yechiGypsy Nun; imba isina kutendeka; uye Romance yemutema mutema. Mumwe nemumwe wavo anopa chiono chechinhu chakadai serudo, kushuvira, kushungurudzika kana kushungurudzika.
Panguva imwecheteyo, kune mamwe maratidziro ane nhoroondo ndeye ma gypsy ane magumo anorwadza, senge Kufa kwaAntoñito el Camborio; Brawl; o Kudanana kweSpanish Civil Guard.
Chekupedzisira, iwe unowana matatu eerudo ayo munyori akakumikidza kumaguta matatu eAndalusia. Ndivo: Granada (ine San Miguel); Seville (neSan Gabriel); uye Córdoba (neSan Rafael).
Kudanana 16 kusvika ku18
Idzo nhatu dzekupedzisira dzerudo dzeGypsy Ballads hadzina kufanana zvakanyanya nema gypsies, asi asi Vanotaura pamusoro nhoroondo. Semuenzaniso, iyo yaMartirio de Santa Olalla, inotaura nezve Roman Andalusia, uye inobata nezve hupenyu hwaSanta Eulalia de Mérida.
Kune chikamu chayo, Mock Don Pedro akatasva bhiza, anotidzosera kuMiddle Ages, maanotaura nezverudo, kusavapo, uye varwi vakakanganwa.
Pakupedzisira, Thamar naAmnoni ndezve nyaya yemubhaibheri uye rudo rweukama uye kuda kwehama mbiri.
Zvinogona kutaurwa kuti, kunyangwe ivo vachibata nemadingindira akaonekwa mune dzerudo rwekare, zvinosiyana zvakanyanya kubva pane zvaiitwa mubhuku raLorca uye zvinoita sekunge ndakaisa madiro matatu ayo, neimwe nzira, anga asina zvakawanda zvekuita nezviri pamusoro (kunyangwe, sekutaura kwedu, ivo vanobata nenyaya dzakafanana).
Zviratidzo muGypsy Ballads
Kuti upedze, tinokusiya pano chiri chiratidzo chinowanikwa maGypsy Ballads pamwe nezvinoreva izvo izvo nyanduri anopa kune izvo zviratidzo. Mamwe acho anoshandiswa mune mamwe mabasa, asi kune mamwe akasarudzika kune rino.
Pakati pavo pane:
ChiGypsy
Iyo gypsy chimiro inogona kuva kududzira senzira yehupenyu, uye kuti inopesana sei ne "zvakajairika" uye neyakajairika nzanga. Zvisinei nekuyedza kujairira nzanga iyi uye kugara murunyararo navo, anokundikana uye anokonzeresa kuti ramangwana rake ripere zvakaipa.
Mwedzi
Kuna Lorca, mwedzi une zvirevo zvakawanda, asi chokwadi ndechekuti mune ino nyaya inonyanya kuzivikanwa ndeyekuti iri chiratidzo cherufu.
Nzombe
Kunyangwe bhuru iri mucherechedzo wesimba, wesimba, weushingi. Chinangwa chikuru cheichi rufu uye kwete chakajairika, asi chinofanirwa kurwira kurarama, pakupedzisira, chero chaanoita, chinopfuura.
Naizvozvo, kuna Lorca, ane zvinosiririsa chiratidzo. Zvinoita sekunge bhuru ratorerwa hupenyu. Uye aya ndiwo maratidziro aanozviita mukudanana kwake.
Bhiza
Bhiza ndechimwe chezviratidzo zvinonyanya kushandiswa naFederico García Lorca mune mazhinji emabasa ake. Uye mune ino kesi anotaura nezve bhiza kubva kune murume, ane hutano, akasimba maonero, akazara neshungu.
Aya ndiwo maitiro aanomiririra, asiwo chishuwo icho chinogara chichitungamira kurufu, kumagumo ane njodzi anopera pasina kuwana izvo zvaanoshuva.
Banga, mapanga, mapanga
Pakati peGypsy Ballads, zvimwe simbi zvinotaurwa senge mapanga, mapfumo, nezvimwe. Zvese zvinhu zvinomiririra kufa kwemunyori. Ramba uchifunga kuti tiri kutaura nezve chinhu chinoshungurudza uye kuti izvi zvinogona kuuraya.
Nekudaro, kune zvimwewo simbi dzakadai sesirivheri kana goridhe, pamwe nendarira kana ndarira. Iwo maviri ekutanga zviratidzo zvakanaka kunaLorca; kune rimwe divi, mamwe maviri, anovapa zvinoreva zvakasiyana zvachose, nekuti anozvishandisa kureva rudzi rweganda urwo munhu (kana boka) anaro.
Kana iwe uchida kuverenga chimwe chinhu chakanaka nezvaGarcía Lorca, tinokurudzira zvikuru kuverenga iyi «Romancero Gitano», imwe yeakanakisa nemunyori akaberekerwa kuGranada.