Kufona kwaCthulhu
Kufona kwaCthulhu -Kudanwa kwaCthulhu, muChirungu - ndiyo inyanzvi yemunyori weAmerica HP Lovecraft. Iyi nyaya yakaburitswa muna 1928 yakatanga iyo inonzi "yekunyora kutenderera kweCthulhu ngano", nhevedzano yenyaya pamwe nemanoveli e cosmic horror. Iyo seti yenyaya dzine hukama nezvisikwa zvekare zvekunze kwenyika zvinodzoka kana kumuka kuti vatorezve nyika.
Kukosha kwemberi kwechimiro cheCthulhu mukati mechinyakare tsika dzeAmerica hazvirambike.: mabhuku, mitambo yemabhodhi, ma comics, mafupi ekuteerera, mafirimu, mitambo yemavhidhiyo ... Zvino, huwandu hukuru hwekutaura kwechinhu chinotyisa chakaitika mumimhanzi, (munziyo nemapoka ane mukurumbira pasi rese seMetallica kana Iron Maiden, semuenzaniso).
Pfupiso ye Kufona kwaCthulhu
kudzidziswa
Nguva yechando 1926 - 1927. Frances Wayland Thurson, mugari anokudzwa weBoston, anoziviswa nezvekufa kwasekuru vake, George G. Angell. Iyo yekupedzisira yaive purofesa ane mukurumbira weMitauro Semiti kubva kuBrown University. Nezve kufa kune mavhezheni maviri: iyo yepamutemo, nekuda kwekusungwa kwemoyo kwakaitika apo mudzidzisi aikwira rampu padyo nechiteshi.
Panzvimbo iyoyo, yechipiri vhezheni (kubva kune zvimwe zvapupu) inotsigira kuti murume mutema akasundira purofesa pasi mutserendende. Kuva mugari wenhaka yake chete, Thurson anogamuchira zvinyorwa zvese zvekuferefeta uye zvemunhu zvinhu kubva kuna Angell. Pakati pezvinyorwa nemidziyo, pane bhokisi risinganzwisisike rine zvakavezwa zvemakona ane zvinyorwa zve hieroglyphic.
Enigma mune yakaderera zororo
Frances anodudzira chivezwa ichi sechinomiririra chisikwa chinotyisa chakapfekedzwa matende uye chakakomberedzwa nekumwe kunovhiringidza monolithic architecture. Saizvozvo, mubhokisi kune zvidimbu zvepepanhau; imwe yeaya inotaura nezve "chinamato cheCthulhu." Mazita maviri anowoneka kakawanda padivi penyaya dzakanyorwa: Henry Anthony Wilcox naJohn Raymond Legrasse.
Wilcox aive mudzidzi eccentric paRhode Island School of Fine Arts airatidza (ichiri nyowani) chivezwa chemakona kuna Professor Angell munaKurume 1925. Mudzidzi akataura kuti zvinyorwa zvakamuka kubva pane zvaakaratidzwa zveguta rakasuruvara yezvakaipa hofori monoliths yakafukidzwa mumoss. Zvakare, Henry akataura kuti akanzwa iwo meseji "Cthulhu Fhtagn."
Chekutanga chinyorwa
Angell akachengeta chinyorwa chakanyorwa chese chaakasangana nacho naWilcox. Zvichakadaro, mudzidzi akatambura nekushamisika kusanzwisisika kwemweya fever kwemazuva akati wandei neinotevera amnesia yenguva pfupi. Chero zvazvingava, purofesa akaenderera mberi nekuferefeta; zvakawanikwa kubudikidza neongororo kuti kufunga kwaHenry kwakabatana pamwe chete nezviratidzo zvakafanana zvevamwe vadetembi nevanyori
Uyezve, kudzvanya zvidimbu zvakaratidza zvikamu zvekutya kukuru uye kuzviuraya mumativi akasiyana epasi akaitika panguva imwe chete nenguva yekufungidzira yaWilcox. Saizvozvowo, munzvimbo dzinochengeterwa varwere varwere vazhinji vakaona "kuona zvisipo" vaine hofori hombe izere netende uye neguta rakaomarara.
Kunamata
Chimwe chinyorwa chaAngell chakatanga makore 17 uye taura nezveLegrasse. Uyu aive mupurisa muongorori aibatanidzwa mukuferefetwa kwekushamisika kunoshamisa kwevakadzi nevana mudhorobha reLouisiana. Zvakare, mutikitivha zvinoita kunge chaive chiitiko chekuona kumachechi eCthulhu (test yaive ne statuette akaunganidzwa mune imwe yetsika idzi).
Pamusangano we 1908 weSt. mutikitivha akatendeukira kuna nyanzvi dzakasiyana kuti azive mufananidzo. Muongorori chete uye anthropologist William Webb akataura kuti akaona chero chinhu chakafanana kubva kumadokero kwemahombekombe eGreenland. Izvi zviitiko zvakaitika mugore ra1860, apo Webb yakasangana nerudzi rwemaEskimo ane shava ane hunhu hunosemesa.
Musungwa
"Castro wekare" anga abvunzurudzwa nechikwata chaLegrasse muna 1907 mushure mekubatwa muNew Orleans panguva yemutambo waisanganisira kuzvipira kwevanhu. Castro nevamwe vasungwa vakaona chidhori ichi "semupristi mukuru Cthulhu," chinhu chemuchadenga chakamirira kumuka "apo nyeredzi dzaive dzakarongeka."
Zvadaro, nhapwa dzakadudzira rwiyo rwavo - Inoenderana neiyo yevaEskimo - nemutsara unoti: "Mumba make muR'leyh, akafa Cthulhu anomirira achirota". Mushure mekuverenga chinyorwa chechipiri, Thurson anonzwisisa kuti kufa kwasekuru vake kwaive kusiri tsaona. Neichi chikonzero, anotanga kutya hupenyu hwake, nekuti "anotoziva zvakawandisa."
Nightmare guta
Kutya, Frances anodonhedza kuongorora kwechitendero cheCthulhu (Akambosangana naWilcox naLegrasse). Asi faira rezvenhau kumba kweshamwari ine mufananidzo we statuette (yakafanana nemuongorori) kumutsidzira kunyengera kwavo. Nhau dziri mubvunzo dzinorondedzera nyaya yechikepe - iyo Emma - akanunurwa mugungwa nemupukunyuki akashungurudzika, Gustaf Johansen.
Kunyangwe akavhiringidzika mutyairi akaramba kupa ruzivo rwezviitiko, Frances anoona zvakaitika kuburikidza nedhayari raJohansen. Zviripachena kuti Emma akarwiswa neimwe ngarava, iyo Aler. Vanyajambwa vakabva vamhara pasi pamusoro pe "… chitunha-guta reR'lyeh". Ikoko, Gustaf nevamwe vake vakaona kuberekwa patsva kwaCthulhu.
Kumuka
Gustaf akakwanisa kurova chikara chihombe mumusoro paakachimhanyisa nechikepe. Kubva ipapo, hapana mumwe munhu anozivikanwa kuti akaona chisikwa. Nguva pfupi aponeswa, mukwasvi akawanikwa achishushikana afa. Nekudaro, Thurson anotenda kuti vateveri vaCthulhu vanoedza kumuuraya nekuda kwezvose zvaanoziva.
Pakupedzisira, Frances akasiya basa anogamuchira kuvapo kwezvinhu kubva kune dzimwe nyika uye yemibvunzo inopfuura kunzwisisa kwevanhu. Asati ataura zvakanaka, Thurson anoti guta uye chikara cheCthulhu chinofanira kunge chakanyura, zvikasadaro, "Nyika inenge ichishevedzera nekutya". Chiratidziro chekupedzisira che protagonist chinoverenga zvinotevera:
Ndiani anoziva magumo? Izvo zvasimuka zvino zvinogona kunyura uye zvakanyura zvinogona kubuda. Icho chinonyangadza chinomirira uye chiroto munzvimbo dzakadzika dzegungwa uye pamusoro pekusahadzika maguta evanhu kuparadzwa kunoyangarara. Zuva richauya, asi handifanire uye handigone kufunga nezvaro. Kana ndikasapona chinyorwa ichi, ndinokumbira vaurayi vangu kuti kungwara kwavo kupfuure kushinga kwavo nekuzvidzivirira kuti zvirege kuwira pasi pemamwe maziso ”.
Sobre el autor
Howard Phillips Lovecraft akaberekwa musi waAugust 20, 1890, muProvidence, Rhode Island, United States. Akakurira mumhuri yemabourgeois aine tsika dzekirasi (rusaruro rwakanyanya kunyanya muna amai vake vaisazvidzivirira). Zvinoenderana, munyori akagadzira pfungwa yepamusoro uye akauya kuzoratidza rusaruro rwake kakawanda (zvinoonekwa muzvinyorwa zvake).
Kunyangwe Lovecraft akashandisa yakawanda yehupenyu hwake mutaundi rekumusha kwake, aigara muNew York pakati pa1924 na1927.. MuBig Apple akaroora mutengesi uye munyori wemitambo Sonia Greene. Asi vaviri vacho vakaparadzana makore maviri gare gare uye munyori akadzokera kuProvidence. Ikoko akafira musi waMarch 15, 1937, nekuda kwegomarara mudumbu.
Kuvaka
Pakati pa1898 na1935, Lovecraft akapedza anopfuura makumi matanhatu mabhuku pakati penyaya pfupi, nyaya uye enganonyorwa. Zvisinei, haana kuwana mukurumbira muhupenyu. Muchokwadi, zvaive kubva muna1960 kuenda apo munyori weAmerica paakatanga kuwana mukurumbira semusiki wenyaya dzinotyisa.
Mamwe emabasa ake anozivikanwa
- Kufona kwaCthulhu
- Mumvuri weimwe nguva
- Mumakomo ekupenga
- Nyaya yaCharles Dexter Ward
- Katsi dzaUlthar
- Kune rimwe divi reroto chipingamupinyi
- Kutsvaga mumaroto eKadath isingazivikanwe
- Mumvuri pamusoro peInnsmouth.
Kufuridzira kwaCthulhu pane akazotevera mabhuku uye hunyanzvi
Parizvino, basa raLovecraft rakashandurwa mumitauro inodarika makumi maviri neshanu uye zita rake chirevo chisingarambike mu cosmic horror fiction. Chii chimwe, ngano dzeCthulhu dzakakonzera huwandu hwakanaka hwevateveri, vaive ivo vaitarisira "kuchengetedza" nhaka yeLovecraft. Pakati pavo pana August Derleth, Clark Ashton Smith, Robert E. Howard, Fritz Leiber, naRobert Bloch.
Vamwe vanyori vakanongedzera kuna Cthulhu
- ray bradbury
- Stephen King
- Clive kuhukura
- Robert shea
- Robert anton wilson
- Joyce Carol anodya
- Gilles Deleuze
- Felix Guattari.
Comics uye enyambo
- Phillip Druillet, Josep María Beà naAllan Moore (vese vari vatatu vakaita maratidziro epakutanga kubva pachikara cheLovecraftian)
- Dennis O'Neil, katuni we Batman (Guta reArkham, semuenzaniso, rakagadzirwa naLovecraft).
Yechinomwe Art
- Imba yeHaunted (1963), naRoger Corman
- Icho Chinhu chinobva kune Imwe Nyika (1951), naHoward Hawks
- Mutorwa: iye wechisere mufambi (1979), naRidley Scott
- The Thing (1982), naJohn Carpenter
- Re-Animator (1985), naStuart Gordon
- Uto rerima (1992), naSam Raimi
- Ruvara kunze kweNzvimbo (2019), naRichard Stanley.
mumhanzi
Masimbi esimbi
- Morbid ngirozi
- Mercyful Fate
- Metallica
- Cradle yeFilth
- Kutambura Kwemukati
- Iron Maiden
Psychedelic dombo uye blues artists
- Claudio Gabis
- Lovecraft (mapoka).
Vanyori vemimhanzi yeOrchestral
- Chad fifer
- Cyro Chamber
- Graham Plowman.
videogames
- Ndoga Dark, Musungwa weChando y Mumvuri weCometby Infogames.
- Kudanwa kwaCthulhu: Makona Akasviba ePasineBethesda Softworks
- Call of Cthulhu: Iyo Official Video Game (inowirirana online-kutamba-mutambo mutambo) neCyanide Studio.
Kutsoropodzwa kwe "lovecraftian fomula"
Nhema dzeCthulhu dzinoonekwa senge bhuku rekunyora mukati mawo nevadzidzi vazhinji kutenderera pasirese. Kunyange zvakadaro, Lovecraft kwave zvakare kuri kunangana kwekushoropodzwa nekushandisa chimiro chekuumbiridza - Maererano nevanyori vakaita saJorge Luis Borges kana Julio Coltázar, semuenzaniso- yakapusa uye inofungidzirwa.
Kunyangwe izvi, vamwe vadzidzi vanofunga Bhuku rejecha (1975) naBorges semutero kuna Lovecraft. Asi, mamwe manzwi anotenda kuti chinangwa chechokwadi chehungwaru cheArgentina kwaive kuratidza humiriri hweiyo Lovecraftian fomula. Kune chikamu chayo, murondedzero yake Zvinyorwa paGothic muRío de la Plata (1975), Coltázar akataura kune munyori American zvinotevera:
“Maitiro eLovecraft akakosha. Usati waburitsa zviitiko zvemashura kana zvinonakidza, inoenderera zvishoma nezvishoma ichisimudza keteni pane yakadzokororwa uye isinganetsi nhevedzano yenzvimbo dzinotyisa, mamepafizikisi, madutu ane mukurumbira, ngano dzemumapako uye zvisikwa zvine makumbo mazhinji kubva kune nyika yedhiabhori ”...