Federico García Lorca: iyo inosvipa mufananidzo weSpanish nhetembo

Kunyangwe hwakawanda hwehupenyu hwake hwakatove hwakanyorwa, chokwadi ndechekuti kutaura nezvaFederico García Lorca hakuzombokwani. Basa rake rekunyora rinodanidzira, mambure ake anodedera, inotaura nezvekuzivikanwa kwenhetembo kweSpanish uye kugona kukuru kwetsamba, sekunge mweya wekare unonyora, wemumwe munhu akauya neruzivo rwekare kupfuura nhetembo dzazvino uye kuzofungisisa iya yakatangira.

Uyu murume anobva kuGranada, akaberekwa muna 1898, akauya kuzoona zana ramakore richifa uye kuzove chikamu chakakosha chebhuku rekuzvarwa kwezana ramakore rinotevera. Yake yakarongeka nhetembo kutumbuka kwakaitika muna 1921, apo aingova nemakore makumi maviri nematatu. Panguva iyoyo akaburitsa yake Bhuku renhetembo (1921) uye Cante jondo nhetembo (1921), mabasa ayo akabva amupa nzvimbo pakati pevanyanduri venguva uye nekumuvimbisa nzvimbo munzvimbo yakakosha yeGeneral ye27.

Lorca neDzimba dzeVadzidzi

Kune zviitiko, nzvimbo uye vanhu vanoshandura hupenyu, zvirokwazvo, uye Kana paine chimwe chinhu chakabatsira kugadzira nekusimbisa tarenda raFederico García Lorca, ndiyo yaive nguva yake kuResidencia de Estudiantes.

Iye munyori mudiki haana kusvika ipapo netsaona, kupinda kwake panzvimbo iyi kwaive chigadzirwa chekupindira kwakakodzera kwezvematongerwo enyika Fernando de los Ríos pamberi pevabereki vemunyori, avo vaipesana nekuenda kwake. Mutungamiri wechiSpanish wezvematongerwo enyika akataura uye akakwanisa kugonesa hama dzaLorca kuti vapinde.

Ndichiri muDzimba dzeVadzidzi, Lorca akabata mapendekete nemifananidzo yehukuru hwaSalvador Dalí naLuis Buñuel, vakadzidza vane huremu hwakakura panguva iyo yaakasimbisa hukama hwehukama navo. Aya mavara, pamwe naRafael Alberti naAdolfo Salazar, vakapa simba kuhunhu hwenhetembo hwaLorca mushure memusangano wega wega.

Lorca, Chizvarwa cha '27, marwendo uye kuurayiwa kwake

Izvo semhedzisiro yemusangano wevanyanduri wakaitika makore mazana matatu mushure mekufa kwaLuis de Góngora (300) pakazvarwa Generation of 1927. Mugore iro uye rinotevera vakauya pachena Nziyo (1927) uye Kutanga gypsy kudanana (1928), maviri emabasa anonyanya kuratidza jaya kubva kuGranada.

Yakanga iri panguva iyoyo apo Federico García Lorca paakapfuura neimwe yematambudziko ake akasimba, Izvi zvaikonzerwa nekushoropodzwa kwemabhuku, kunyanya aya eromanceo, sezvo vaiabatanidza zvakananga nerutsigiro rwema gypsy uye nekusimudzira nekudzivirira costumbrismo.

Mushure mezvakaitika nhetembo, Lorca akafunga kuchinja zvishoma zvechiitiko uye akapinda munzira kuenda kuNew York. Kuve pavhu reAmerica kwakafemerwa uye bhuku rake rakazvarwa Nyanduri muNew York iyo yakabuda pachena makore mana mushure mekuurayiwa kwake.

Maive muna 1936, muna Nyamavhuvhu 16, mushure mezviitiko zvakateedzana zveJuly 19 coup, García Lorca akabatwa neCivil Guard. Panguva iyoyo, aive kumba kwaLuis Rosales, shamwari yepedyo yakanga yamupa pekugara. Pasina mazuva maviri akapfuura pakapihwa kuraira kuti apfure mudetembi wechidiki, uye zvakabva zvaita.

Kune akawanda mafungidziro anotarisana nerufu rwake, asi iyo inonyanya kufarirwa inoratidza kuti zvimwe yaive nekuda kwekuziviswa kwake ungochani. Chokwadi ndechekuti iro rese basa uye hupenyu hwaFederico García Lorca akaratidzira chiitiko chakakosha mumabhuku epasirese, mavhesi ake ndiwo anopfira mufananidzo wenhetembo dzeSpanish.