Emily Dickinson: nhetembo

Emily Dickinson (1830-1886) aive mudetembi wekuAmerica aionekwa semumwe wevamiriri vakanyanya kukosha verudzi urwu rwekunyora pasi rese. Paairarama, vashoma vaiziva nezve matarenda ake semunyori, mhuri chete uye shamwari dzepedyo. Mushure mekufa kwake uye kuwanikwa kwezvinyorwa zvake nehanzvadzi yake, zvinyorwa zvenhetembo dzake dzinoda kusvika 1800 zvakatanga.

Munguva pfupi, Emily Dickinson akabva pakusazivikanwa kusvika pakuve munhu akakodzera munyika yedetembo. Tsamba dzake nenhetembo zvinoratidza kuvapo kwakeIwo ane nyaya dzerudo rwake, ushamwari, dzeakawanda emamiriro akasiyana-siyana aakararama mazviri. Mukurongeka nekuparadzirwa kwenhaka yake yenhetembo, Lavinia Dickinson akamira pachena, Mabel Loomis Todd, Thomas Higginson, Martha Dickinson Bianchi naThomas H. Johnson.

Nhetembo dzaEmily Dickinson

Pandinoverenga mbeu

Pandinoverenga mbeu

yakakushwa zasi uko

kuti zvibudirire zvakadai, padivi nepadivi;

pandinoongorora vanhu

anonyepa zvakadii

kukwira zvakanyanya;

kana ndofunga bindu

kuti vanhu havazozvioni

mukana unokohwa zvikoko zvayo

uye nzvenga nyuchi iyi,

Ndinogona kuita pasina zhizha, pasina kunyunyuta.

Cheka lark - uye uchawana mimhanzi -

girobhu mushure megirobhu, yakashambidzwa nesirivha,

ichangounzwa mangwanani echirimo

zvinochengeterwa nzeve yako kana mutengeramwa wasakara.

Ndinogona kunge ndiri ndoga pasina kusurukirwa ...

Ndinogona kusurukirwa pasina kusurukirwa kwangu

Ndatojaira zvangu destiny

pamwe rumwe rugare,

inogona kukanganisa rima

Uye uzadze imba duku

kushoma pachiyero

kuti atore sakaramende yake,

Handina kujaira tariro

inogona kukanganisa kutaura kwako kwakanaka,

kutyora nzvimbo yakarairwa kutambudzika,

zvingava nyore kuparara nenyika ichionekwa;

pane kukunda peninsula yangu yebhuruu,

parara nomufaro.

Chokwadi

Handisati ndamboona renje

uye gungwa handina kumbobvira ndariona

asi ndaona maziso eheather

Uye ndinoziva kuti mafungu anofanira kunge ari chii

Handina kumbotaura naMwari

uye handina kumushanyira Kudenga,

asi ndine chokwadi nekwandiri kufamba kubva

sekunge vaive vandipa kosi.

133

Mvura inodzidzwa kuburikidza nenyota.

The Earth - by the Oceans crossed.

The Ecstasy—nokuda kwokurwadziwa—

La Paz - hondo dzinozvitaura -

Rudo, kuburikidza neGomba reKurangarira.

Shiri, dzeChando.

292

Kana Hushingi hwakakusiya-

Rarama pamusoro pake-

Dzimwe nguva anozendamira paGuva,

Kana iwe uchitya kutsauka-

Mamiriro akachengeteka—

Zvaisambokanganisa

Mumaoko iwayo eBronze-

Kwete Zvakanakisa zveHofori-

Kana mweya wako uchibvunda—

Zarura musuwo weNyama—

Iyo Coward inoda Oxygen-

Hapana chimwe-

Izvo ndaigara ndichida

Izvo ndaigara ndichida

Ndinokuunzira humbowo

kuti kusvikira ndada

Handina kumborarama - kwenguva refu-

kuti ndichagara ndichida

Ini ndichaikurukura newe

chinonzi rudo hupenyu

uye hupenyu kusafa

izvi - kana iwe uchipokana nazvo - mudiwa,

saka handina

hapana chekuratidza

kunze kwekarivhari

Muchidimbu ruzivo rwehupenyu hwemunyori, Emily Dickinson

Kuberekwa uye mavambo

Emily Elizabeth Dickinson Akazvarwa musi waDecember 10, 1830, muAmherst, Massachusetts. Vabereki vake vaive Edward Dickinson - gweta rine mukurumbira - naEmily Norcross Dickinson. MuNew England mhuri yake yaifarira mukurumbira neruremekedzo sezvo madzitateguru ake aive vadzidzisi vakakurumbira, vezvematongerwo enyika uye magweta.

Vese sekuru vake - Samuel Fowler Dickinson - nababa vake vakaita hupenyu hwezvematongerwo enyika muMassachusetts. Aimbove mutongi weHampton County kwemakumi mana emakore, wekupedzisira Mumiriri weNyika uye Senator. Muna 1821, vaviri ava vakatanga yakazvimirira dzidzo Institute Amherst College.

Hama

Emily aiva mwanasikana wechipiri wevaviri vaDickinson; dangwe raiva Austin, akaberekwa muna 1829. Mukomana akagamuchira dzidzo mu Amherst College uye akapedza kudzidza kubva kuHarvard University segweta. Muna 1956, Austin akaroora shamwari yehanzvadzi yake, Susan Huntington Gilbert. Vekupedzisira vakasara pedyo zvikuru naEmily, zvanga zviri waunovimba naye uye nhetembo dzake dzakawanda.

Muna 1833 mwanasikana wekupedzisira wevaviri Dickinson akaberekwa, Lavinia -Vinnie-, Shamwari yaEmily yakatendeka kweupenyu hwake hwose. Kutenda kuna Vinnie - anoyemura sisi vake zvakanyanya - isu tine ruzivo rwakapfupi nezvemunyori. Kutaura zvazviri, Lavinia ndiye akabatsira Emily kuchengetedza mararamiro ake ega uye ari oga, uye aiva mumwe wevanhu vashoma vaiziva basa rake renhetembo panguva iyoyo.

Zvidzidzo zvakashandiswa

Muna 1838, Amherst College -Iyo yaive yevarume chete - yakabvumira kunyoreswa kwevakadzi muchikoro. Zvakanga zvakaita seizvi Emily akapinda, makore maviri gare gare, kuti akadaro educational centre,kupi akawana kudzidziswa kwakakwana. Pakati penzvimbo dzekudzidza, akakunda mumabhuku, nhoroondo, geology uye biology, nepo masvomhu aimuomera.

Saizvozvowo, muchikoro ichi akadzidza mitauro yakawanda, iyo pakati pechiGiriki nechiLatin, mitauro yakamubvumira kuverenga mabhuku anokosha mumutauro wepakutanga. Pakurudziro yababa vake, akadzidza chiGerman nerector weiyo academy. Sezviitwa zvekunze, akagamuchira zvidzidzo zvepiyano naamainini vake, pamusoro pekuimba, kurima gadheni, floriculture uye horticulture. Aya mabasa ekupedzisira akapinda mukati make zvekuti akaadzidzira hupenyu hwake hwese.

Akakosha mavara eDickinson

Muhupenyu hwake hwese, Dickinson akasangana nevanhu vakamusuma kuverenga, nokudaro vachimucherekedza zvakanaka. Pakati pavo Murairidzi wake uye shamwari Thomas Wentworth Higginson anomira pachena, BF Newton naReverend Charles Wadsworth. Vese vakachengeta hukama hwepedyo nemudetembi, uye mazhinji etsamba dzake dzakakurumbira - kwaakaratidza zviitiko zvake uye mafungiro - akanyorerwa kwavari.

Rufu

Nemufananidzo usingaperi wechirwere cheitsvo (nephritis, maererano nenyanzvi) uye mushure mekuora mwoyo kunokonzerwa nekufa kwemuzukuru wake wekupedzisira, nyanduri akafa musi waMay 15, 1886.

Nhetembo dzaDickinson

Thematic

Dickinson akanyora pamusoro pezvaaiziva uye zvinhu zvaimunetsa, uye, maererano nerangano yacho, akawedzera zvinobata-bata zvinosetsa kana kuti manyemwe. Pakati pemadingindira ari munhetembo dzake ndeanoti: hunhu, rudo, kuzivikanwa, rufu uye kusafa.

Chimiro

Dickinson akanyora nhetembo dzakawanda pfupi nemukurukuri mumwechete, zvichireva "Ini" (kwete nguva dzose munyori) mumunhu wekutanga. Panyaya iyi, akati: "Pandinozvizivisa ini, seMumiriri weVhesi, hazvireve ini, asi munhu anofungidzirwa" (L268). Saizvozvowo, mashoma emabasa ake ane zita; mushure mekupepetwa, mamwe akaonekwa nemitsara yavo yekutanga kana manhamba.

Zvinyorwa zvenhetembo dzaDickinson

Nhetembo dzakatsikiswa muhupenyu

Nyanduri achiri mupenyu, zvinyorwa zvake zvishoma zvakabuda pachena. Mamwe acho akabudiswa mupepanhau romunzvimbomo Springfield Daily Republican, inotungamirirwa naSamuel Bowles. Izvo hazvisati zvazivikanwa kana Dickinson akapa mvumo yekuratidzwa kwayo; pakati pavo pane:

• "Sic transit gloria mundi" (Kukadzi 20, 1852) ine zita rekuti "A Valentine"
• "Hapana anoziva iyi rose" (Nyamavhuvhu 2, 1858) ine zita rekuti "Kune mukadzi ane rozi"
• "Ndakaedza doro risina kumbogadzirwa" (May 4, 1861) rine musoro unoti "May-Waini"
• "Yakachengeteka Mumakamuri avo eAlabaster" (Kurume 1, 1862) ine zita "The Sleeping"

Kubva pane zvakaburitswa mu Springfield Daily Republican, chimwe chezvaikosha zvikuru chaiva “Shamwari yepedyo muuswa”—musi waFebruary 14, 1866—. Rugwaro urwu rwakabva rwatorwa sechinyorwa chehunyanzvi. Zvakadaro, izvi hazvina kupihwa mvumo nanyanduri kuti zviburitse. Zvinonzi zvakatorwa kwaari pasina kubvumirana nemunhu waaivimba naye, uye zvinonzi ndiSusan Gilbert.

Nhetembo (1890)

Pashure pokunge Lavinia awana mazana enhetembo dzehanzvadzi yake, akasarudza kudzibudisa. Nokuda kweizvi, Mabel Loomis Todd akatsvaga rubatsiro, uyo aitungamirira kugadzirisa zvinyorwa pamwe chete naTW Higginson. Zvinyorwa zvacho zvaiva neshanduko dzakasiyana-siyana, dzakadai sekubatanidza mazita, mashandisirwo ezviratidzo uye dzimwe nguva mashoko aikanganiswa kuti ape zvaanoreva kana kuti nhetembo.

Mushure mekubudirira kweiyi sarudzo yekutanga, Todd naHigginson vakaburitsa mamwe maviri anthologies ane zita rimwechete muna 1891 na1896..

Tsamba kubva kuna Emily Dickinson (1894)

Muunganidzwa wezvipotswa kubva kumudetembi - zvemhuri neshamwari. Basa racho rakagadziridzwa naMabel Loomis Todd achibatsirwa naLavinia Dickinson. Iri bhuku rakanga rine mavhoriyamu maviri ane mavara akasarudzwa airatidzira zvose zviri zviviri rutivi rwouhama nerudo rwanyanduri.

The Single Hound: Nhetembo dzehupenyu hwose (Iyo Hound Yega: Nhetembo dzeHupenyu hwose, 1914)

Ndiko kuburitswa kwekutanga muboka remiunganidzwa mitanhatu yenhetembo dzakapepetwa nemuzukuru wake Martha Dickinson Bianchi. Akasarudza kupfuurira nenhaka yatete vake, nokuda kwaikoku akashandisa manyoro aakagara nhaka kuna Lavinia naSusan Dickinson. Zvinyorwa izvi zvakaitwa nehungwaru, pasina kusandura nhetembo uye pasina kudoma nhetembo, nokudaro, dzakanga dziri pedyo nedzekutanga.

Mamwe maunganidzwa aMartha Dickinson Bianchi aive:

• Hupenyu uye Tsamba dzaEmily Dickinson (1924)
• Nhetembo Dzakazara dzaEmily Dickinson (1924)
• Dzimwe nhetembo naEmily Dickinson (1929)
• Nhetembo dzaEmily Dickinson: Centenary Edition (1930)
• Nhetembo dzisina kuburitswa naEmily Dickinson (1935)

Bolts of Melody: Nhetembo Nyowani naEmily Dickinson (1945)

Mushure memakumi emakore ekudhindwa kwayo kwekupedzisira, Mabel Loomis Todd akasarudza kugadzirisa nhetembo dzakanga dzichiri dzaDickinson.. Akatanga chirongwa ichi achikurudzirwa nebasa rakaitwa naBianchi. Kuti aite izvi, aive nerutsigiro rwemwanasikana wake Millicent. Kunyangwe zvinosuruvarisa kuti haana kurarama kuti aone chinangwa chake chichizadzikiswa, mugari wenhaka yake akachipedza ndokuchiburitsa muna 1945.

Nhetembo dzaEmily Dickinson (1945)

Akapepetwa nomunyori Thomas H. Johnson, ane nhetembo dzose dzakanga dzabuda pachena kusvikira panguva iyoyo. Muchiitiko ichi, mupepeti akashanda zvakananga pamanyoro ekutanga, achishandisa kunyatsojeka uye nehanya. Pashure pekushanda nesimba, akaodha imwe neimwe yezvinyorwa zvichitevedzana. Kunyange zvazvo pasina yakanyorwa, yaibva pakuchinja kwemunyori mukunyora.