Mubayiro weNobel weMabhuku Ndiwo mumwe wemibairo yakakosha pasi rose.. Vanyori vazhinji vanoda kuihwina asi havasi vese vanoiwana. Nekudaro, pane zvimwe zvinhu zvaunofanira kuziva, zvekuda kuziva zvisingauyi kuratidzwa kazhinji asi zviri kushamisa.
Nechikonzero ichi, takaita tsvakiridzo shoma kuti tiwane zvimwe zvezvido zvemubairo wanga uchipa mubairo. vanyori. Iwe unoda kuziva zvakawanda?
41 makore, ndiro zera remudiki weNobel Prize yeLiterature
Uye ndezvekuti, kana ukatarisa zvishoma pane rondedzero yevakundi, vazhinji vavo vari 60-70 uye kumusoro. Asi munyori wechidiki haana kumbopihwa mubairo. Mudiki ndiye aive 1907 nyaya yaive naRudyard Kipling uyo, ane makore makumi mana nerimwe ekuberekwa, akahwina mubairo.
Asi izvi hazvina kudzokororwa kune izvo kare ane rekodhi yekuve munyori mudiki ane Mubairo weNobel weLiterature.
88 makore, zera rekare reNobel Prize yeLiterature
Sezvatakambokuudzai kare kuti ndiani akanga ari mudiki pakuwana mubairo, zvakakoshawo kuziva kuti ndiani mukuru akauwana. Uye muchiitiko ichi, ane rombo rakanaka Doris Lessing, uyo, pamakore makumi masere nemasere, akahwina mubairo unoshuviwa zvakanyanya nevanyori.
Kusvika iye zvino, hakuna munhu mukuru, kunyange zvazvo vakawanda vasvika pedyo nezera rake (80s uye kumusoro). Doris akaigamuchira muna 2007 uye zvinosuruvarisa kuti akazoshaya makore mashoma gare gare, munaNovember 2013.
Iyo rombo rakanaka iro munyori anowana muNobel Prize yeLiterature
Hatizivi kuti vanyori vanofarira mubairo weNobel weLiterature nekuda kwemubairo iwoyo here kana kuti nekuda kwemari yavanouwana. Uye ndizvozvo vese vanohwina mibairo vanogashirawo imwe mari yakanaka kwazvo.
Tiri kutaura pamusoro pemamiriyoni mapfumbamwe ekorona, izvo, kutenderera zvishoma, yakaenzana nemiriyoni imwe yemadhora, yakawanda kana zvishoma zvakafanana mumaeuro (zvichienderana nekuti inoguma sei mumusika wekutengesa).
Chaizvoizvo, chaungasaziva ndechekuti ndiye muvambi weNobel Prize akabvunza sangano reSweden raizoronga ivo vakamiririra kwemakore, kuti rinopa mubayiro gore rega rega "munyori webasa rakanakisa rekunyora remaitiro ekufungidzira".
Uye kubva ipapo kunouya chokwadi chekuti anopiwa mubairo iwoyo wehupfumi (iyo ichauya zvechokwadi kune wese munhu).
350 pagore mazano
Izvozvo ndiyo avhareji nhamba inogamuchirwa neSweden institution gore rega rega. Itsamba dzinotumirwa nevanyori vachivakumbira kuti vatarise kwavari kuti vave pakati pevanokwanisa kukwikwidza. Zviripachena, vamwe vanozviita kubva mukuzvininipisa uye vamwe vari zvishoma… zvakananga, sekutaura. Asi kunze kwetsamba, nguva zhinji izvi zvinoperekedzwa nezvipiriso, zvipo uye chero imwe nzira yeku "kupfavisa" moyo wejuri kupinda pakati peavo vakakwikwidza (uye sarudza mubairo). Chokwadi izvi hazvibatsiri vanyori zvakanyanya.
Mavambo eNobel Prize for Literature
Tisati takuudza nezvaAlfred Nobel uye unogona kuziva kuti ndiye musiki weNobel Prize. Nekudaro, chaungasaziva ndechekuti, kunyangwe kwaive kuda kwake kuti mibairo yehupfumi igadzirwe uye kupihwa, haina kuzadzika kutozosvikira gore pashure porufu rwake.
Chikonzero chacho? Yaifanira kubvumidzwa neNorwegian Parliament. Chete panguva iyoyo tiri kutaura pamusoro 1897, vakakwanisa kuzadzisa kuda, uye Nobel Foundation akamutswa.
Vaviri chete vakahwina Mubairo weNobel mushure mekufa
Iwe unofanirwa kuziva izvo kudomwa kwese kweNobel Prize muLiterature kunofanirwa kubva kune vanyori vapenyu uye vakaburitsa mugore iroro.. Vanyori vakafa havagamuchirwi. Kunze kwezviitiko zviviri, muna 1931 uye muna 1961. Chii chakaitika? Munoona, vakahwina mumakore iwayo vaive Erik Axel Karlfeldt naDag Hammarskjöld (munyaya iyi Nobel Peace Prize). Vose vakafa pavakanga vatosarudzwa kare, ndiko kuti, vakanga vari parudungwe rwokupedzisira rwevanyori vaigona kuhwina mubairo. Uye vaive nerombo rakashata rekufa (yekutanga muna Kubvumbi uye yechipiri munaGunyana).
Zvakare, iwe unofanirwa kuziva kuti Erik Axel Karlfeldt, sezvataona paWikipedia, akaramba kuhwina Nobel Prize for Literature muna 1918. Uye kana tikaenda kurondedzero yevakakunda, zvinoonekwa kuti gore riya Mubairo waive usina nekuti hauna kuitwa nekuda kweHondo Yenyika Yekutanga. Saka hatinyatsozivi zvakaitika.
Vanyori vaviri vakashinga kuramba mubairo
Kana takambokuudzai kare kuti hapana aizokwanisa kuramba Mubairo weNobel Wemabhuku, ndoda mari inouya nawo, chokwadi ndechokuti tinofanira kukanzura. Paiva nevanyori vaviri vakasarudza kuiramba.
Wekutanga waungaziva, pamwe kwete nezita, Boris pasternak, asi hongu kune rimwe remabhuku anozivikanwa kunze uko, Chiremba Zhivago. Payakabvumirwa, akaigamuchira. Asi vhiki gare gare akasarudza kuidzorera nokuda kwedzvinyiriro yakabva kuhurumende yeSoviet nezvake. Izvi zvakaitika muna 1958.
Uye makore gare gare, muna 1964, zvakanga zvakadaro munyori jean paul Sartre uyo aisada kugamuchira mubairo kana kukudzwa kwaienderana naye. Akatoita chiziviso paruzhinji umo akati "munyori haafaniri kuzvibvumira kuchinjwa kuva sangano."
Menduru yeNobel yeLiterature ine nhoroondo
Kana usati wamboona menduru yavanopa kune vanokunda mubairo weNobel weLiterature, unofanirwa kuziva kuti ndiyo.Iyi yakagadzirwa naErik Lindberg uye pane chiitiko chidiki mairi. Mumwe murume anoonekwa akagara, ane mapepa pabvi rake rekurudyi uye akatarisa mukadzi wechidiki ari pamberi pake achiridza mbira.
Uyezve, anozivikanwa kuti akagara padyo nelaurel uye zvinonzi zvaakanyora ndirwo rwuyo rwaari kumuridzira mhunga.
Kunze kwezvo, kune mamwe mazwi muchiLatin, Inventions - Vitam - Iuvat - Excoluisse - Per - Arts, izvo zvinosvika pakureva "Avo vakasimudzira hupenyu nekuwana hunyanzvi". Uye kana wakaverenga Aeneid, unozoziva kuti mutsara uyu unowanikwa mundima 663 yechitanhatu canto.
Sezvauri kuona, Mubairo weNobel weMabhuku une zvakawanda zvekuda kuziva (kupfuura zvatakakuudza). Pane chaunoziva here chatinofanira kuziva nezvacho?