Chizvarwa che98

Chokwadi iwe unorangarira kubva kumakore ako kuchikoro uye / kana chikoro chepamusoro kuva akadzidza chizvarwa che98 mukirasi yeMitauro neMabhuku. Zvichida zvinotokwanisika kuti, iye zvino zvawava nevana, uchafanirwa kuidzidza zvakare navo kuti vagone kuzvidzidza. Kana zvirizvo, saka wauya kurudyi nzvimbo nekuti tiri kuzokuudza nezvazvo.

Uye kana zvisiri, zvinogara zvakanaka kuyeuka chikamu chenhoroondo yeSpain, kunyanya chikamu chekunyora, sezvo vari vanyori vaive chikamu cheGeneration ye98 vaive vakakosha kwazvo munguva yavo uye vaikanganisa, kwete kuSpain chete. , asi zvakare mune mamwe akawanda mativi epasi. Gara uye uzive zvakawanda nezvavo.

Iyo Generation ye'98 yakabuda sei

Chizvarwa cha '98 izita chairo reboka revanyori vakauya pamwechete nenguva nechinangwa chekutarisana nemamiriro ezvinhu avo vese vaisangana nawo, anozivikanwa nedambudziko rehunhu, hwemagariro, vezvematongerwo enyika nehupfumi. MuSpain, mhedzisiro yekurasikirwa kweCuba, Puerto Rico nePhilippines.

Isu tinotaura chaizvo nezve gore 1898, Panguva iyo, nekuda kwekuderera kwehumambo hweSpain uye kusainwa kwechibvumirano chakarasika makoloni mazhinji eSpain-America, nzanga yakanyudzwa mumhepo yekusagadzikana uye kutsamwa, izvo zvakanyorwa nevanyori vazhinji ndokuratidzira mumabasa avo. .

Pakutanga, boka racho raive yakaumbwa nevanyori vatatu chete: Pío Baroja, Azorín naRamiro de Maeztu, inozivikanwa se "Vatatu", zita remadunhurirwa ravakasaina naro zvinyorwa zvakaburitswa munhau dzeiyo nguva. Asi zvishoma nezvishoma ivo vakawedzera muhuwandu, vachiwedzera vamwe vanyori, vanopfuura hunhu makumi maviri kubva mumabhuku enguva iyoyo: lngel Ganivet, Miguel de Unamuno, Enrique de Mesa, Antonio naManuel Machado, Ricardo Baroja, Ramón María del Valle - Inclán, Gabriel y Galán, Manuel Gómez Moreno, Miguel Asín Palacios, Francisco Villaespesa, Ramón Menéndez Pidal, Jacinto Benavente, Carlos Arniches, Joaquín naSerafín Álvarez Quintero.

Chizvarwa '98 Hunhu

Vanyori ava, vakashatiriswa nezvakange zvaitika, vakatanga "mushandirapamwe" wekuratidzira kwenzanga kunoonekwa nemamiriro ezvinhu akatonga zvinyorwa zvavo. Izvi ndeizvi:

Flaunt Spain

Kumudzivirira uye kuratidza kumuda kwake. Naizvozvo, kwavari iyo "nyika yokumusha" uye kukosha kwenyika kwakakosha. Kwavari, kudiwa kwekuvandudzwa, kwete chete zvemagariro, zvematongerwo enyika, asi zvakare hunyanzvi chinhu chekutanga.

Vanoramba mabhunu

Tichifunga kuti iyi yemagariro kirasi ingori imwechete Mukundwa uye yakakundikana nzanga kuti haishande zvakajairika kunaka (uye zvakanyanya kushoma kuSpain).

Ivo vakanyanya kutsoropodza

Panyaya yezvematongerwo enyika nemagariro anotonga nyika, dzimwe nguva achivapikisa, kunyanya kana iwo maratidziro akarwisana neanoda nyika yake kana rudo rweSpain.

Vakagadzira mafomu matsva emabhuku

Kutevera yavo yekuraira, mune zvinyorwa zvaidawo "shanduko," ndivo vaive mapiyona mukugovera bhuku idzva, semuenzaniso kupusa, bazi remitambo; kana runyorwa rwekufungidzira.

Kuti ndikupe muenzaniso, Azorín angave aive mumwe wevanyori vekutanga venguva kuSpain uyo akasarudza kuti vatambi vake vatore rwendo rwekudzoka munguva, apo izvo zvaive zvisingafungidzike.

Nekudaro, vakafunga kuunza mabhuku padhuze zvakanyanya nevaverengi, kuti zviite kuti zvinzwisisike, saka vakatanga kushandisa zvirevo zvakapusa, nemutauro wakangwarira asi wainzwisiswa nemunhu wese. Uye ipfupi; nemutongo wemazwi mashoma chete ivo vaikwanisa kuburitsa boka hombe remafungiro kana kuita kuti vanhu vafungisise pane zvavainge vangoverenga.

Vanyori vakuru veGeneration ya '98

Sezvataona kare, Chizvarwa cha '98 yakanga isiri nyaya yevanyori vatatu chete. Paive nezvimwe zvakawanda uye zvakakodzera kutaura zvishoma nezvevanyori vakuru, kutanga neboka re 'Vatatu'.

Pio Baroja

Baroja, pamwe chete nevanyori vaviri vanotevera, aive mumwe wembiru dzeChizvarwa cha '98.Panguva iyoyo, mabasa ake akakanganiswa nehunhu hwesangano iri, uko kusava netariro nekusagadzikana zvaive zviripo mumabhuku ake.

Mune ino kesi, Baroja akashandisa kuseka kwake kwekutsoropodza uye kwekuseka kuti ataure nezve chokwadi cheSpain, asi panguva imwecheteyo aiedza kuti vaverengi vamuke uye vaone kuti chinhu chakanakira nyika kwaive kuzvimutsiridza, kuchinjika kuve neayo ari nani.

Izvo zvinofanirwa kutaurwa nezvePío Baroja kuti aive munhu asina tariro uye akatsamwa. Zvichida anonyanya "kutsva" weboka rese sezvo anga asiri asingabvumirane uye mumwe weakatanga kutemerwa "kucherechedzwa".

Azorin

Muchiitiko chaAzorín, kana zita rake chairo, José Martínez Ruiz, aive kuwana zvinyorwa nekuda kwenzvimbo yake semutori venhau. Nechikonzero ichi, nekuve pa "kumberi" kweruzivo, akakwanisa kuona magariro uye hupfumi matambudziko akarasikirwa nevemakoloni kuSpain, uye shanduko inofanirwa kuunzwa munyika kuitira kuti yaizozvarwa patsva uye kubuda zvakare.

Panyaya yaAzorín, ndiye akatarisana naPio Baroja. Mupfungwa yekuti ainyanya kudzikama uye aicherechedza, ainzwisisa zvakanyanya uye kugona kukoshesa kunyangwe zvidiki zvidiki zvakaiswa pamberi pake.

Nechikonzero ichi, kuda kwake kuSpain, kwenzvimbo dzenzvimbo, kunonoka uye kufamba kwenguva zvinoratidza basa rake rese.

Ramiro de Maeztu muChizvarwa cha '98

Maeztu, mukuwedzera pakuve munyori, aive mutori wenhau. Nekuda kwebasa rake, aive nenhepfenyuro padhuze uye aikwanisa kuburitsa zvinyorwa zvakawanda zvine chekuita nekudzivirirwa kweHomeland (Spain) nehunhu hweSpanish, kuyedza kuwana vanhu vazhinji kuti vazive nenyika yake.

Kunyangwe hazvo pakutanga zvaive akakurumidza uye akanyanyisa, nekufamba kwenguva zvinyorwa zvake zvaive zvakanyanya kuchengetedza, nguva dzose mune tsinga imwe chete, asi neshoko rinonakidza.

Miguel de Unamuno

Unamuno akapinda muchizvarwa chemakumi masere nemasere mushure mekunge chasikwa kubva paakagovana nzira imwe chete yekufunga nevamwe vanyori uye akazviratidza mumabasa ake, kunoonekwa zvinoenderana neboka iri.

Kuna Miguel de Unamuno mhando ye "mutungamiri" weboka inozivikanwa nekuda kweiyo kurwa uye mweya wekumukira uyo, kunyangwe mukukwegura, aiziva nzira yekuchengeta yakasimba. Kwaari, zvese Spain uye hupenyu hwevanhu ndizvo zvinhu zvakakosha kwazvo pasi, uye akaedza kufurira chero munhu aida kumuteerera kana kumuverenga.