Chitsuwa chiri pasi pegungwa naIsabel Allende

Yakabudiswa muna 2009, Chitsuwa chiri pasi pegungwa iri bhuku na Chilean-America munyori Isabel Allende. Inorondedzera kurwira kwerusununguko rwemuranda Zarité - anozivikanwa saTeté - muHaiti muzana ramakore rechi1810. Iri bhuku rinotora makore makumi mana kubva pahutsinye hwake uye kutya-kuzadzwa pahudiki kusvika XNUMX, iyo nguva yekudzorera kwake kwekupedzisira muNew Orleans.

Chimbi chimbi chakagadzirwa pamwe nerutsigiro rwevamwe varanda kune mutinhimira wengoma dzeAfrica uye voodoo Saka zvinomuka mukadzi akatsunga kurega mitoro yekare uye kuwana rudo kunyangwe achitambura. Sekureva kwaK.Samaikya (2015) anobva kuAcharya Nagarjuna University (India), "Chitsuwa chiri pasi pegungwa iyo ndeimwe yenyaya dzinoshamisa kwazvo dzezana regumi nenomwe ramakore. Uye ndiyo rondedzero yezvega rakabudirira kumukira kwevaranda pasi rese ”.

About Isabel Allende

Kuberekwa uye mhuri

Isabel Allende Llona akaberekerwa muLima, Peru, muna Nyamavhuvhu 2, 1942. Ndiye wedangwe pahama nhatu. yemuchato pakati paTomás Allende (hama yekutanga yaSalvador Allende, mutungamiri weChile kubva muna 1970 kusvika 1973) naFrancisca Llona. Baba vake vaishanda semunyori wevamiriri veChile muLima panguva yekuzvarwa kwake. Mushure mekurambana kwevaviri mu1945, Llona akadzokera kuChile nevana vake vatatu.

Studies

Amai vake vaizoroora zvakare Ramón Huidobro Rodríguez muna 1953, mumiriri akapihwa kubvira gore iro kuBolivia. Ikoko, wechidiki Isabel akadzidza mune chimwe chikoro cheAmerica muLa Paz. Gare gare, akapedza kudzidza kwake kune yakazvimirira yeBritish Institute muLebanon. Paakadzokera kuChile muna 1959, akaroora Miguel Frías, waaive naye vana vaviri panguva yemubatanidzwa wemakore makumi maviri nemashanu, Paula (25-1963) naNicolás (1992).

Kutanga kuburitsa

Pakati pa1959-1965, Isabel Allende aive chikamu cheKudya neKurima Sangano reUnited Nations (FAO). Kubva muna 1967 akanyora zvinyorwa zvemagazini Paula. En 1974 akaita bhuku rake rekutanga mumagazini yevana mampato, Ambuya Panchita. Gore rimwe chetero iye akatanga zvakare Lauchas uye lauchones, makonzo nemakonzo (Kid nyaya).

Kutapwa muVenezuela

Muna 1975, Isabel Allende akamanikidzwa kuenda muhunhapwa nemhuri yake muVenezuela nekuda kwekuomarara kweudzvanyiriri hwaPinochet. MuCaracas aishandira pepanhau El Nacional uye muchikoro chesekondari, kudzamara pakaburitswa bhuku rake rekutanga Imba Yemweya (1982). Yakanga iri nzvimbo yekutanga yenyaya yekunyora yakamubata semunyori anorarama anoverengwa zvakanyanya pakati pevatauri veSpanish kusvika nhasi.

Munyori anotengesa zvakanyanya kwete asina kushoropodza

Kusvika iye zvino, Isabel Allende atengesa anopfuura makumi manomwe emamiriyoni emabhuku, ichishandurwa mumitauro makumi mana nemaviri. Kunyangwe ihwo hwakawanda budiriro yekutengeserana - kunyanya muUnited States -, Pakave nevazhinji vanokanganisa manyorerwo ake. Chitsuwa chiri pasi pegungwa anga asiri iwo anosarudzika. Nezve, vaparidzi Weekly (2009) inotsoropodza bhuku iri, nekuti "… inoburitsa pachena munyori akadzidza murwi wakakura kwazvo wezvinhu asina kudzidza chokwadi chimwe chete".

Saizvozvowo, Janis Elizabeth (Bhuku Rinochengeta, 2020) inodzinga se "isina kubikwa" uye "kunyora" zviitiko zvakawanda zvepabonde zve Chitsuwa chiri pasi pegungwa. Izvo zvakare zvinofungidzira kuti Allende "anoramba mwero uye kunzwira tsitsi kwakakosha kunyaya yakadaro" (uranda). Kunyange zvakadaro, Booklist yakafanotaurwa pakuvhurwa kwayo: "Chidikanwi chenhau iyi inoshamisa uye inonyudza pamusoro pehushingi hwevarume nevakadzi vanoisa panjodzi zvese murusununguko ichave yakakwira."

Pfupiso yechitsuwa chiri pasi pegungwa

Kutanga kwenyaya iyi kuri paSaint - Domingue Island (Hispaniola) muma1770. Ikoko, Zarite diki uye yakaonda kwazvo (inozivikanwa seTete) inoratidzwa. Iye ndiye mukunda wemuranda wemuAfrica waasina kumbosangana naye uye mumwe wevachena vafambisi vengarava vakaunza amai vake munyika itsva. Kubudikidza nehucheche hwakaomarara huzere nekutya, anowana zororo pakati pekutinhira kwengoma nevoodoo tarira inoitwa nevamwe varanda.

Tete anotengwa naViolette - anoda chinzvimbo mulatto courtesan - akamiririra Toulouse Valmorain, mugari wenhaka weFrench ane makore makumi maviri. Muridzi wemba anova anoenderana nemuranda, kunyange hazvo chinangwa chake chekutanga chaive chekumutengera iye musikana wake, Eugenia García del Solar. Mushure mekuroora, hutano hwaEugenia hunotanga kudzikira uye anotambura nhumbu dzakateedzana dzinoenda naye kumucheto weupengo.

Utsinye netariro

Makore mashoma asati afa, Eugenia anokwanisa kubereka mwana mupenyu, Maurice, akapihwa Zarite pakurerwa kwake. Parizvino, iye Tete aimbove anetswa achinja kuita mudhara ane hushamwari, anoshuviwa naValmorain. Tenzi anoshusha anopedzisira abata chibharo muranda wake zvisinei nehukama hune rudo pakati paamai nemwanakomana akakura nedangwe rake. Tete anoita nhumbu yemwana anozotorwa kubva kwaari pakuzvarwa.

Valmorain anotambidza mwana kuna Violette, akaroora panguva ino kuna Captain Étienne Relais. Tete anowana nyaradzo nerudo mune mutsva mumunda, Gambo. Asi kubatwa chibharo kweToulouse kunoenderera, saka Gambo paanopunyuka kujoina varanda vanopandukira, haakwanise kumutevera nekuti ane nhumbu zvakare. Kunyangwe, panguva ino vakamurega achigara nemusikana, anonzi Rosette.

Iko kumukira kwevaranda nehondo yevagari

Rosette anogamuchira dzidzo yemusikana uye inova isingaparadzanisike kubva kuMaurice, kunyangwe Valmorain isingatenderi. Mushure mekumukira kwevaranda kwakatungamirwa naToussaint Louverture kwatanga, Gambo ayambira mudiwa Zarite kuti munda weValmorain uchapiswa. Asi iye anoramba kusiya Maurice, panzvimbo pezvo anoyambira muridzi wepfuma wechiFrance mukutsinhana nerusununguko rwake uye rwewemwanasikana.

Mhuri yeValmorain inofamba izere kuLe Cap, kusanganisira Zarite naRosette. Paanongoiswa, Tete anotanga kugamuchira kurairirwa kuri pamutemo kubva kuna Zacharie, mudiri wechigaro chehurumende. Gare gare, maValmorain anomanikidzwa kudzokera kuhutapwa mushure mekumuka kwehondo iyo ichaguma nekuumbwa kweBlack Republic yeHaiti.

New Orleans

MuLouisiana, Valmorain inogadzira munda mutsva uye inoroora Hortense Guizot, mukadzi anodzvinyirira uye anokara. Iye mushandirwi mutsva haatore nguva yakareba kuti apesane naMaurice, Zarite naRosette, nekudaro, haazeze kubata zvakaipa vashandi vake vatema. Dambudziko guru nderekuti Tete nemwanasikana wake vachiri kutorwa sevaranda.

Valmorain haasati achichengeta izwi rake kunyangwe akasaina rusununguko rwevaranda vake vatema. Maurice anopokana nemamiriro ezvinhu anonyadzisa uye anotumirwa kunodzidza pachikoro chebhodhingi muBoston, kwaanobatana nechikonzero chekudzima. Mushure memakore mashoma, Zarite anokwanisa kuita kuti rusununguko rwakamirirwa kwenguva refu kwaari nemwanasikana wake rubudirire nerubatsiro rwemupristi.

Zarite kusangana zvakare

Tete akabatanidzwazve muNew Orleans naViolette naJean Relais, uyu wekupedzisira ndiye mwanakomana wake wekutanga uyo akaparadzaniswa naValmorain. Saizvozvo, anotanga kushanda semukadzi akasununguka muchitoro cheViolette (akaroora panguva iyoyo kuSancho García del Solar). Kufara kwaZarite kunowedzera zvakanyanya kana kuchiwanikwa naZacharie. Ivo vaviri vanowira murudo uye semhedzisiro yechishuwo icho ivo vanounza musikana.

Kudzoka kwaMaurice

Pangosvika Maurice kuNew Orleans, anotaurirana nababa vake (vanorwara) chinangwa chake chekuroora Rosette. Valmorain akatsamwa uye anoshora pasina muchato pakati pehama dzemurume, sezvo Zarite naZacharie vachirangana kuti muchato ugone. Munguva pfupi Rosette akava nepamuviri, zvisinei, akaiswa mujeri "nekurova mukadzi muchena" (Hortense Guizot) pachena.

Hutano hwaRosette huri kudzikira nekukurumidza mutirongo. Iye anozopedzisira asunungurwa nekuda kwekurevererwa kweValmorain kufa uye ane shungu dzekuyanana nemwanakomana wake. Pakupedzisira, Rosette anofa achizvara mwana anonzi Justin. Maurice, akashungurudzika, afunga kuenda kutenderera nyika. Asati aenda, anotarisira kurera mwanakomana wake kuZarite naZacharie, vanotarisira ramangwana netariro uye nemhuri nyowani.

Chitsuwa chiri pasi pegungwa

Kuongororwa kwe New York Times Bhuku Rekuongorora inopinza inoverengeka inonakidza kwazvo, "Yakaiswa mukati megadziriro yegenesis yenyika yekutanga yevatema." Ongororo idzi zvakare dzinotaura nezve "yakanatswa mashiripiti chaiyo", yakadzvanywa kune yakanyanyisa, muropa kune muverengi. Nechinangwa ichi, Isabel Allende akashandisa anonyatsoziva murondedzero kazhinji nguva dzose mumunhu wechitatu, aine zvimwe zvikamu zvemunhu wekutanga zvemunhu mukuru.

Nekudaro, izvo zvisinganzwisisike rondedzero yehunhu hwemhuka hwehuranda hwakapihwa ne protagonist pachayo inogona kuvhiringidza kune vanogona kubatwa. Zvisinei, zvimwe zvikamu zvinorebesa izvisingaite iwo mavara nekuti haapfuure mhedzisiro yechirongwa uye hazvipi zvinopa kudzika kwemavara.

¿Es Chitsuwa chiri pasi pegungwa nhoroondo yenhoroondo?

Mhinduro kumubvunzo uyu inowana yakanaka mitsara nevanozvidza muhukuru hwakaenzana, mamiriro chaiwo emabasa mazhinji aIsabel Allende. Kuongororwa kwe Raibhurari Nhau (2009) inotaura nezve "… nyaya izere nezvakaitika, vatambi vakajeka uye vakapfuma uye vane tsananguro dzakadzama dzehupenyu muCaribbean panguva iyoyo". Kune rimwe divi, iyo portal Kupfupisa iyo (2020) anotsanangura:

"Kana nyaya chaiye yaAllende isina kukwana uye isinganetsi, nyaya yake yekunyepedzera haingotakuri neyakawandisa yenguva, asiwo neyakajeka yezvematongerwo enyika, kutyora mutemo wecardinal wemunyori wenhau uyo ​​munhu anofanira kuratidza pane kuti ataure ”. Chero zvazvingaitika, svikiro rakafanana rinopedzisa richiti:Chitsuwa chiri pasi pegungwa inoyevedza, inofamba uye izere nepfungwa yechokwadi yekurasikirwa ”.