Ndezvipi zvinodiwa kuti uwane Mubairo weNobel muLiterature?

Gumiguru 6 uno - China chekutanga chemwedzi wegumi, semazuva ese - Swedish Academy ichazivisa akahwina mubairo weNobel weLiterature 2022. Mumazuva apfuura, mazita evanowanzo fungirwa kuti vahwine mubairo anotanga kuita maungira, sezvo gore rega rega, mumatabloids kupota nyika. KuSpain, Javier Marías (RIP) ave akamirira kwemakore—uye hazvirambidzwi kuti achava wechipiri Nobel Prize for Literature akapiwa pashure pokunge afa—; kuCanada, Margaret Atwood naAnne Carson; kuJapan, Haruki Murakami… uye runyorwa runoenderera mberi.

Chokwadi ndechekuti, tichisiya parutivi gungwa revanogona kuhwina, pane mubvunzo unobvunzwa nevateveri vazhinji veSweden Academy: "Ndezvipi zvinodiwa kuti uwane Mubairo weNobel muLiterature?". Pasi apa, mamwe mashoko anokosha izvo zvichajekesa chakavanzika ichi uye zvichakurudzira vakawanda kuti varambe vachishanda nesimba mubasa ravo rokunyora.

Kutanga: kusarudzwa

Pagore, hwaro hunoita basa rekuita chikumbiro chepamutemo chevanokwikwidza. Zvadaro, zvikoro, masangano uye vanyori vakatanhamara venyika imwe neimwe ndivo vane basa rekutumira zvikumbiro zvavo.

Panyaya iyi, Ellen Mattson, nhengo yeDare reNobel rine mukurumbira, akati: “Tine vanhu pasi rose vane kodzero yekudoma: nyanzvi dzedzidzo, vatsoropodzi, vatauriri vemasangano ezvinyorwa, mamwe maacademies. Zvakare vahwina vekare uye, hongu, nhengo dzeSweden Academy. "

Zvinodiwa zvinodiwa?

Zvikuru: kuva muridzi wekonzonendi, nhanho isingaperi uye izvo, maererano nomuvambi womubayiro, Alfred Nobel, basa racho akapa "rubatsiro rukuru kune vanhu".

Zvinogona kufungidzirwa mushure mekuverenga mutsara iwoyo kuti munyori anofanira kunge akasimudzira tsika, misimboti, shanduko dzine simba, kana, sepanyaya ye Abdulrazak Gurnah —akahwina Mubairo weNobel weMabhuku wa2021—, anga ari inzwi reavo vakanga vasingagoni kutaura. Zviri pamusoro zvinofanirwa kuve zvine mukurumbira wakashata, nekudaro kukosha kwekuve negwara rezvinyorwa rinooneka uye rinonzwisisika.

Pfuura kucheneswa kwekutanga kubva muzviuru zvezvikumbiro: tora "humwari hutsva"

Mushure mekukumbira zvikumbiro nedare rinodzora, mazita evanyoreri anogamuchirwa kusvika Kukadzi 1st. Kazhinji, zviuru zvezvikumbiro zvinosvika. Mwedzi miviri yapera, Academy inotarisira kuita kuchenesa kwakakwana vanosvika makumi maviri.

Kunyangwe zvichigona kutaurwa kuti vanodzidza basa uye basa remunyori wega wega kuti vazive kuti ndiani anokodzera kuve mukati meboka iri rakasarudzwa, Chokwadi ndechekuti hazvizivikanwe zvechokwadi kuti ndedzipi nzira dzinoshandiswa kuona kuti ndiani anopasa iyi yekutanga yakakosha sefa..

Zvino, zvatinoziva, uye ruzivo rwazvino kubva kuna Mattson pachake, ndiyo iyo kutsvaga "spark yehumwari"... "rimwe rudzi rwesimba, budiriro inogara kuburikidza nemabhuku."

Kuti basa rinomira pakati pevashanu vekupedzisira

Mwedzi waKubvumbi naChivabvu unopfuura nekumwe kuchekwa kunotora huwandu hwevanoda kubva pamakumi maviri kusvika pashanu. Kubva ipapo zvichienda mberi, mushure mesefa, mabasa evakasarudzwa anodzidzwa zvakadzama, uye muna Gumiguru — kuburikidza nevhoti yeNobel Committee— zvinosarudzwa kuti ndiani achapinda munhoroondo yetsamba dzevanhu.

Zvakakosha kuziva kuti munyori anogamuchira zvinopfuura hafu yemavhoti anokunda. Chimwe chinhu chinoshamisa zvishoma ndechekuti hapana anogona kukunda kana usina kudomwa kaviri kuti uwane mubairo. Naizvozvo, hapana mukwikwidzi mutsva anogona kupihwa Mubairo weNobel weMabhuku, kunyangwe basa rake rikataura zvakasiyana. Zvino zvinonzwisisika kuti nei tichiwanzonzwa mazita akajairika pakati pevanogona kukunda gore rega rega.

Data yekufarira uye zvimwe zviri pachena

• Hapana anogona kuzvinyorera;
• Parizvino, 114 Nobel Prize for Literature yakapihwa;
• Kune 118 vakundi (119 inotevera China);
• Kana mubairo wakapetwa kaviri;
• Varume 101 vakapihwa mibairo;
• Vakadzi gumi nevatanhatu chete ndivo vakahwina Mubairo weNobel weMabhuku;
• Paiva ne7 nguva apo mubairo usina kupiwa;
• Erik Axel Karlfeldt ndiye ega munhu akawana Mubairo weNobel weMabhuku mushure mekufa.. Zvakaitika pamhemberero yemubairo muna 1931.
• Vanyori vemitauro makumi maviri neshanu vakasiyaniswa;
• Rudyard Kipling ndiye mudiki pamunhu kugamuchira Mubairo weNobel muLiterature.. Zvakaitika muna 1907. Panguva yemhemberero yekupa mubayiro, akanga ava nemakore 41;
• Makore 100 gare gare yakanga yava nguva yemunhu mukuru kugashira mubairo, akanga ava namakore 88 okukura. Zvakaitika muna 2007, uye yaiva Doris Lessing;
• Pazviitiko zviviri mubairo wakarambwa. Nguva yokutanga yakanga iri Boris Pasternak, muna 1958; ipapo Jean-Paul Sartre muna 1964.