Nhasi uno kunopemberera makore makumi maviri nemakumi maviri ekuberekwa kwekuberekwa horace walpole, akangwara aristocrat uyo na Otranto castle (1764) akatanga iyo Gothic novel.
Munyori iye pachake anojekesa mabviro akaita bhuku rino rekuvamba: “Mamwe mangwanani kutanga kwaJune wapfuura, ndakamuka kubva kuhope dzandingangorangarira ndedzekuti ndakanga ndiri munhare yekare (…) uye kuti, pamusoro pemba yemasitepisi akakura, ndakaona ruoko rukuru-rakapfekerwa-simbi. Masikati ndakagara pasi ndokutanga kunyora, ndisingazive zvandaida kunyatso kuudza. Basa rakakura mumawoko angu ”.
Zvishoma nezvishoma vatambi vakabuda (mudzvinyiriri Manfredo, Isabel anodakadza, mudiki Teodoro…) uye zano rakazara nekukanganisa kwakanyanya, nekutuka, kuzivikanwa kwakaziviswa nekushamisika uye kutaridzika kwechitarisiko. Yese yakaiswa munzvimbo inotyisidzira: iyo medieval castle kubva kuroto kwaWalpole, chiitiko chiripo munzvimbo zhinji yenyaya.
Unogona kutaura izvozvo Otranto castle yakafanana nemuchina wekutambudza wepakati nepakati uzere nemapuleti ane ngura, magiya, uye spikes. Kunyangwe isingashande uye isu tichiona kuti ndeyeimwe nguva, chiratidzo chayo chinotikonzera kumwe kunetseka. Nekudaro inoverengeka, kunyangwe iine kukanganisa kwayo uye nekushaya simba, dzimwe nguva inokwanisa kuburitsa mhepo isinganzvengeki inotyisa.
Uye kunyangwe izvo zvinogona kutarisirwa, kuriverenga kunopa varaidzo. Zvichida nekuda kwekuwedzeredzwa kwakamonyoroka muchirevo uye kuseka izvo dzimwe nguva kunozvipa hunhu hunogumira pane kuzvifadza. Yekuzvifananidza, zvirokwazvo pane yekuzvidira, nekuti Walpole aiziva zvese kusakwana uye kugona kwebasa rake. Nekudaro anozivisa musumo yechinyorwa chechipiri achiti: "Asi [munyori,] kana nzira nyowani yaakatora yakavhura mikana kune varume vane tarenda rakakura, achabvuma nemufaro uye nekuzvininipisa kuti aiziva kuti pfungwa yacho inogona kugamuchira zvirinani zvishongo kupfuura avo vakapa kufunga kwavo kana kubata kwavo zvido ”.
Zvakadaro, hunhu hwaWalpole hwakakura. Kupfuura hombe, hombe. Kutanga kusima iyi mbeu yaizobereka michero se MumongiNaMG Lewis. Chechipiri, nekuti kusikwa kwe Otranto castle chinoita chiito cheumhare hwekumukira pamberi pehunyanzvi hwekuverenga uye hwehungwaru hwezana ramakore regumi nemasere, rinotungamirwa nehungwaru uye neoclassicism, iyo yainge yakanganisa kufunga uye ikateedzera kuravira kwesimba mune zvehunyanzvi.
Inguva yevagadziri vakaita Samuel Johnson, uyo muna 1750 anonyora kuti basa renhau iri rinosanganisira "kukonzera zviitiko zvakasikwa nenzira inogoneka, uye kuchengetedza kuda kuziva pasina rubatsiro rwekushamisika: saka irikubviswa pamatanho uye zviwanikwa zverudo rwegamba; uye haakwanise kushandisa hofori kuti abvute mukadzi kubva kumhemberero dzemuchato, kana ma Knights ekumudzosa.
Hofori, vakadzi vakapambwa, magamba mahedheni, inofungidzira nhare ... izvo chete zvinhu izvo Walpole achazoshandisa mukati Otranto castle. Kunze kwekuona, zvakavanzika nekutuka, hongu.
Kugonesa kugamuchirwa kwenhau yake, Walpole akashandisa hunyengeri hwekuiburitsa pasi pezita rekunyepa, sekunge kwaive kushandurwa kwekopi yeItaly yezana ramakore rechiXNUMX yakawanikwa muraibhurari yekare. Unyengeri hwaive hunoshanda, inova yakave budiriro yeruzhinji uye yechipiri edition yatove neinasaina yake.
Parizvino, zviri pachena kuti Horace Walpole aive akangwara hunhu sezvaaive eccentric. Mwanakomana waSir Robert Walpole, Mutungamiriri weChirungu pakati pa1721 na1742, Earl weOrford, mushure mekufamba nemuEurope akabata chinzvimbo cheparamende uye akararama hupenyu nguva dzose zvinoenderana nezvaaiona zvakakodzera. Kubva muna 1750 aigara muStrawberry Hill, imba huru yaakagadziridza kuita yeGoth fantasy inoenderana nezvaanofarira.
Kunze kwe Otranto castle, akanyora mazana emapeji pakati petsamba, memoir, kushoropodza, nhoroondo uye zvidzidzo zvehunyanzvi, kusanganisira nhamo nezve makunakuna, Mai vasinganzwisisike, uye nhevedzano yenyaya pfupi inonzi Hieroglyphic ngano. Iko hakuna kushandurwa kweSpanish kwemutambo, asi kune kubva mubhuku renhau, uye mumaoko aLuís Alberto de Cuenca.
Walpole akanyora idzi nyaya nehunyanzvi padhuze nekunyora otomatiki, achisiya fungidziro yekumhanya akasununguka, pasina chikonzero kupindira kupfuura kwekutanga chinangwa chekumisikidza chiitiko muEast. Mhedzisiro yacho inokurumidza, yekutanga nyaya, iine kuwanda kwezvinhu zvisina musoro izvo dzimwe nguva zvinotungamira kune macabre, semamwe madhirowa aEdward Gorey. Kuna Luís Alberto de Cuenca, vanoumba chirevo chekufungidzira kwechiFrench, uye zvinoita sekunge, senge Alicia naLewis Carroll, rumbidzai "kune kusagadzikana uye kufungidzira kweanarchist kwehudiki."
Mune yake shanduro yeiyo Hieroglyphic nganoNenzira, 30-peji yekuwedzera pane yakakosha yeChirungu Gothic novel inosanganisirwa kune avo vanofarira mhando uye vateveri vefungidziro uye anotyisa mabhuku mune zvese.