Inofungidzirwa seimwe ye vanyori vakuru veSpanish vezana ramakore rechiXNUMX, Miguel Delibes (Valladolid, 1920) akakumikidza chikamu chikuru chehupenyu hwake kubasa rakatangwa mumashure mehondo yeSpain kuti pasi rose rizive mhedzisiro yekushomeka uye kudzvanywa kwehunhu hwetsika. Makore masere mushure mekufa kwake, enganonyorwa dzaDelibes dzinoenderera kuve nyowani uye zvichidikanwa mune yekunyora nzvimbo izere nenziyo dzake, kuratidzira uye kushandurwa kwemitambo. Ngatifambe nenzira biography uye akanakisa mabhuku aMiguel Delibes.
Nhoroondo yeMiguel Delibes
Mudzinza weFrance neSpanish, Miguel Delibes akaberekerwa muValladolid kwaakadzidza kuchikoro chesekondari kusvika 1936. zhizha ravo mudunhu reMolledo, muCantabria, uko baba vake vakarererwa uye vane hupenyu hwakanyarara hwaizokurudzira chido chemunyori chekuvhima nehunhu, misoro miviri inodzokororwa mubasa rake. Kupinda kwake munyika yevakuru kwakabatana ne Spanish Hondo Yenyika izvo zvakamumanikidza kuve chikamu cheMallorcan cruise ship kwaakashanda semuzvipiri asati adzokera kuValladolid.
Munguva iyi nhanho nyowani akakwanisa kudzidza kubva kuChikoro cheCommerce uye kudzidza Mutemo, panguva imwechete iyo kunyoreswa kwake kuChikoro cheUnyanzvi uye Crafts cheValladolid kwakamutendera kuti ave akabhadharwa sekatuni muna 1941 kune pepanhau El Norte de Castilla. Muna 1946 akabvuma muchato naÁngeles de Castro, kwaakataurira nguva zhinji se "kurudziro yake huru."
Mushure mekudzikama semudzidzisi wezvemitemo, murume anofara uye baba vemukomana anonzi Miguel, Delibes akatanga kunyora rake rekutanga basa, Iyo mumvuri wecypress wakareba, basa raakagashira iyo Nadal Prize muna 1947, kubatanidza basa rakateverwa nemamwe mabasa akadai saSet is by Day, iro rakapimirwa parakaburitswa muna 1949, kana El camino, muna 1952. Nguva yakareba yakaenderana nekuzvarwa kwevamwe vana vake vatatu: lesngeles, Germán naElisa, pamusoro pekusarudzwa kwake semutevedzeri wemutungamiriri weEl Norte de Castilla.
Ma50s yaive imwe yenguva dzemunyori dzakanyanya, nekuburitswa kwemamwe mabasa senge Mwanakomana Wangu anonamatwa Sisí, The Game, Diary yemuvhimi (anokunda weNational Narrative Prize) kana Diary yemutambi, aripo nyaya dzevakuru. iyo inotanga pamusoro kana vanhu vanozivikanwa nehondo. Kuberekwa kwemwana wavo wechishanu, Juan, mu1956 uye kugadzwa kwake sa director weEl Norte de Castilla vaizomaka kubata kwekupedzisa kwegumi rakasarudzika uye kutanga kweanotovimbisa.
Makumi makumi matanhatu anomiririrwa zuva rakanaka reDelibes semunyori, zvinowirirana nekuzvarwa kwevana vake Adolfo naCamino. Pakati pemabasa ake akakurisa tinowana Las ratas, anokunda Mubayiro weVatsoropodzi kana, kunyanya, Maawa mashanu naMario, akafunga bhuku rake repamoyo uye kutanga kwenguva yekutanga mushure mekubva kuEl Norte de Castilla nekuda kwekukakavadzana kwakasiyana naManuel Fraga uye kurarama kwenguva yakati muUnited States, kwaakashanda semupurofesa wekushanyira paUniversity yeMadganis.
Muma 70s, maDelibes akatumidzwa zita nhengo yeRoyal Spanish Academy uye iyo Puerto Rico Society yeAmerica, kubvuma kwakazara nerufu rwemukadzi wake Ángeles muna 1974, chiitiko chaizoratidzira pamberi nepashure muhupenyu hwomunyori. Makore akatevera akaratidzirwa neakasiyana mafirimu uye theatre magadzirirwo emabasa ake, neiyo yemitambo vhezheni yeAmaawa mashanu naMario nyeredzi Lola Herrera ari kubudirira pakupera kwema70s.
Makumi makumi masere zvaizoreva kubatanidzwa kwebasa rake ne kuburitswa kwemabasa senge Los santos inocentes kana kucherechedzwa senge Muchinda weAsturias Mubairo. Basa raDelibes rakave rinokosha rekunyora kwete kuSpain chete, asi kune rimwe divi reAtlantic, kuburitsa izwi remunyori uyo husiku hwake hwaizosvika muna1998, iro gore raakawanikwa aine gomarara rekoloni kwaasina kusvika kuti apore zvizere, ichi chiri chikonzero chekufa kwake munaKurume 12, 2010.
Mabhuku akanakisa aMiguel Delibes
Mumvuri wecypress wakareba
Mukundi weNadal Prize muna 1947, Mumvuri wecypress wakareba Inomiririra hutano hwakazara nenguva dzekusagadzikana senge makore epashure pehondo kuSpain. Chidzidzo icho chatinodzidza kuburikidza ne protagonist yayo, nherera yechidiki Pedro uyo anodzidziswa nemutadzi Don Mateo mudhorobha reAvila kukura pasi pekutenda kuti, kuti urarame muhupenyu, zvakafanira kuti ubve kune vamwe uye usaratidze kushoma rudo kana manzwiro evamwe vanhu.
Makonzo
Yakabudiswa muna 1962 uye Vatsoropodzi Mubayiro anokunda gore rimwe gare gare,Makonzo iri pachena anozvidza latifundio, kana tsika yemadzishe akapfuma yekushandisa maturakiti akakura epasi vachishandisa veko vanoshanda mumabasa avo. Mamiriro ezvinhu akafukidzwa mubhuku nemukomana anozivikanwa saEl Nini, murume wechidiki uyo munhu wese anotendeukira kwaari kuti apihwe zano akapihwa kugona kwake kuverenga zvakasikwa nepasirese mutaundi rakatambudzwa nenhamo inotungamirwa nharaunda huru.
Maawa mashanu naMario
Delibes isina kupokana hunyanzvi, Maawa mashanu naMario, rakabudiswa muna 1966, anorondedzera maawa mashanu anopedzwa nemukadzi achitarisa chitunha chemurume wake mune imwe imba ine tafura yemubhedha inoratidza Bhaibheri uye ndima dzinoverengeka dzakatsikirirwa. Chimiro chakakwana chekuratidzira kwemukadzi anoyeuka hupenyu hwake, kukanganisa kwake uye zvaanoona zvichikonzera yakasarudzika x-ray yehupenyu, nzanga nekusarongeka kwezana ramakore rechimakumi maviri muSpain. Mutambo wacho wakashandisirwa kuimba yemitambo kakawanda uye wakashanda sekurudziro yaPaco León mufirimu Carmina y amen.
Ivo vatsvene vasina mhosva
Yakabudiswa muna 1981, Ivo vatsvene vasina mhosva yaionekwa seimwe yeiyo "100 akanakisa enganonyorwa muSpanish" naEl Mundo tichifunga nezve kugona kwayo kukuru sebasa rinoshora kusaenzana kwenzanga kweiyo nzvimbo yepamusoro yeSpain yezana ramakore rechiXNUMX. Yakagadzwa mune yepurazi imba muExtremadura, iyo rondedzero inorondedzera matambudziko ayo mhuri yakaumbwa naRégula, Paco nevana vavo vana vanofanirwa kusangana nawo, vese vari vashandi vemadzishe epfuma inodhonza kudzvinyirirwa nekuzvidzwa kwenguva.
Mupanduki
Basa rekupedzisira rakakura reDelibes Yakaburitswa muna1998 uye mutero wakajeka kune vekwavo Valladolid munguva dzaCarlos V, muzana ramakore rechiXNUMX. Nguva iyo rusununguko rwekufunga rwakaratidzirwa ne Kuchinja kwaLuther Kuonekwa kuburikidza neziso remutengesi Cipriano Salcedo. Iyo inoverengeka iyo, kunyangwe achifamba nekufamba kwenguva, achiteedzera chinangwa chakafanana nemamwe mabasa ake mazhinji: kusurukirwa, rudo uye kuratidzwa kweavo vanotsunga kusununguka munyika yakatemerwa.
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