1984

1984.

1984.

1984 ndiyo inonyanya kuratidza nhoroondo yemunyori weBritish uye mutori wenhau Eric Arthur Blair, anozivikanwa pasi rese pasi pezita rake rekunyepedzera, George Orwell. Rakaburitswa muna Chikumi 9, 1949, harisi iro basa rekutanga rinofungidzirwa kuti dystopian, zvakanyanya kana iri iro zita rakaita kuti izwi iri riite mufashoni pasi rese.

Iri bhuku raive rakakura kubudirira mukutengeserana kubva pakuiswa kwaro kwekutanga pamashefu ezvitoro. Kubva ipapo, yakadzoka neimwe yakajairika kumusoro kwematafura ekutengesa. Yekupedzisira rebound huru yakaitika mu2016, apo Donald Trump akasarudzwa - kushamisika kwevakawanda - semutungamiri wechi45 weUnited States.

Munyori

Eric Arthur Blair akazvarwa muna Chikumi 25, 1903, muMotihari, guta riri mukati mematunhu akakura eBritish muIndia. Munguva yehupenyu hwake aive murwi anotyisa achipesana nehutongi nehurongwa hwema impiriistiya. Munguva yehudiki hwake, akatopandukira hurumende yake muBurma.

Gare gare akaenda kuSpain kunobatana mukudzivirira kweRepublic pakurwisa kwaFranco. Muchokwadi, akapotsa apfurwa muCatalonia nekuda kwayo (akatiza nenzira inoshamisa). Zvese izvi zviitiko, pamwe nekupikisa hutongi hweNazi neStalin, zviripo mune mazhinji emabasa ake. Chinhu chiri pachena mu 1984, uyezve mune yake imwe iconic novel: Kumukira papurazi.

Makore ekuongorora kwenhau

Orwell, mutori wenhau, akaenda kunzvimbo dzakakura kuti aunganidze data rese rakabatanidzwa mune zvinyorwa kwemakore anosvika mashanu. Izvi zvakamiririra yakajeka kwazvo ruzivo rwevateereri pakati pezana ramakumi maviri remakore. Kuverenga iyi nhoroondo yekuongorora kwakatendera vazhinji kuti vanzwisise kuunganidzwa kwezviitiko zvinoshungurudza zvakaitika muEurope kubva Hondo Huru.

Musoro we1984 unoisa zano mune ramangwana riri kure, nekuda kweichi chikonzero panguva yacho yaionekwa se "rondedzero yechiporofita". Kunyangwe iye munyori akajekesa kanopfuura kamwe kuti zvaive zvisiri zvekufungidzira nezveramangwana revanhu. Yakanga ichinyanya kuongorora kusinganzwisisiki kwezvinhu zvakaitika kusvika hafu yekutanga yezana remakore rechiXNUMX.

To ramangwana

Kumukira papurazi rakabudiswa muna 1945; 1984 muna 1949… George Orwell akafa gore rakatevera, akabatwa nechirwere chetibhii kwenguva refu. Kufanana nevazhinji vevanyori vakuru venguva dzese, aisakwanisa kunyatsonakidzwa nekubudirira kwebasa rake. Ichi hachisi chokwadi chidiki, sezvo achifungidzirwa semumwe wevanyori vane simba kwazvo muzana rese reXNUMXth.

George Orwell.

George Orwell.

Uyezve, simba rayo rinoramba richishanda mukati memireniyumu itsva. Chii chimwe, ane chikwereti chechirevo "Orwellian", izwi parizvino rinoshandiswa kureva hutongi hwehudzvanyiriri. Zvakare, izwi iri rinoreva masystem anoparadza nemaune nhoroondo uye tsika dzenzanga dzese kuti dzienderane nezvavanoda.

1984, muchidimbu

London, gore ra1984. Guta reChirungu, pamwe nemamwe maBritish Isles, ari chikamu cheOceania. Muchokwadi, vanomiririra rimwe remasimba matatu makuru akaparadzaniswa nyika mukati. Matunhu eiyi mega nyika anosanganisira Ireland, maodzanyemba eAfrica, maAmerican rese, New Zealand, neAustralia.

Dzimwe nyika mbiri dziripo ndiEurasia - inoumbwa neSoviet Union nedzimwe nyika dzeEurope (kunze kweIceland - neEast Asia, chirevo pakati peChina, Japan neKorea. Aya mapoka anogara ari muhondo (Chinhu chakakosha kwazvo chehupfumi, nekudaro, chinofanira kuramba chichifamba chero mutengo). Panguva imwecheteyo, kupokana kwehondo inzira yakakwana yekudzora huwandu hwevanhu.

Hunhu

Winston Smith ndiye protagonist uye rapporteur. Shanda mune imwe yemakwikwi akagadzirirwa kuchengetedza hutongi musimba: Hushumiri hweChokwadi. Basa rake kunyora zvakare nhoroondo kuti ienderane nezvinodiwa nehurumende. Panguva ino, hazvina basa kana iwe uchifanira kunyora sainzi ngano uye kugadzirisa zvinyorwa zvechokwadi. Neichi chikonzero, anosemeswa nehurongwa huripo.

Chido chake chekuchinja chinomukurudzira kuti ajoine Mukoma weKuramba naJulia, musikana waakadanana naye uye akagovana zvimiro zvakafanana.. Asi iyo inofungidzirwa shanduko sangano inova imwe nzira yekutonga. Mavara ese ari maviri anotorwa, akashungurudzwa uye akamanikidzwa kubvuma seisina mubvunzo zvese ruzivo rwehurumende, kunyangwe kana iri "maviri kuwedzera maviri akaenzana mashanu."

Mifananidzo

1984 inopa neinotonhodza chaiyo pfungwa uye zvigadzirwa izvo zviripo chaizvo nhasi. Iyo yekutanga term yakaumbwa yaive Big Mukoma, yakafambidzana nepfungwa yekune kwese kwese nyika uye kuongorora kwese. Pane midziyo (zvikwangwani) zvakaiswa kuitira kuti uone kufamba kwese kwevanhu.

Iye zvino, manzwi akanyanya kupokana neDigital Revolution anonongedza kuti Alexa kana Google nhasi inozadzisa zvakanyanya kana kushomeka zvakafanana kuteedzera kwevanhu. Muchokwadi, hwakawanda hwedzidziso yekurangana yemakumi emakore apfuura dzinoenderana nerudzi urwu rwekufunga kwaOrwellian.

Chiporofita sainzi ngano?

George Orwell akatorwa.

George Orwell akatorwa.

Iwo "mapurisa anofungidzirwa" ndechimwe chezviratidzo zve 1984. Chinangwa chayo chikuru ndechekushandira pamwe, pamwe nemapotifoliyo evashumiri (kunze kweMinistry of Chokwadi kune vamwewo veRudo, Kuwanda uye Runyararo) nekudzvinyirira kwepfungwa yeMunhu. Naizvozvo, kuzvimirira kunorambidzwa, sezvo nzanga ichifanira kunge iri homogeneous mass inotongwa kuburikidza nekutya nehondo.

Hapana mazwi

Kune rimwe divi, kumonyorwa kweruzivo ndechimwe chezvinhu zvakadzama naOrwell mune yake nyaya, pamwe nekushandiswa kweiyo neo-mutauro. Iyi hurongwa hwakagadzirwa kucheka mazwi nepfungwa yekuyambutsa zvese zvisingafungidzike sezvisipo.

Zviripachena, fanano nenyika yanhasi yakawanda. Munguva idzo nhau dzinonyanya kugovaniswa kuburikidza nevezvenhau, hazvigoneke kuve nechokwadi cheiyo miganhu pakati pechokwadi nenhema. Uye zvakare, iyo emoji vari kuswedera padyo nekusiya vanhu vasina remuromo.

Kune ramangwana here?

Hapana chinangwa che vaparadzi, kuvhara kwe 1984 hazvina tariro zvachose. Chinyorwa chinopera nerondedzero yechisiko chose uko kutonga kusingadzoreke. Nekuwedzeredza kunetseka uku ku "hupenyu chaihwo", vanhu vachiri nekupunyuka here? ... Zvinogona kunge zvatononoka.


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  1. Inotarisira iyo data: Miguel Ángel Gatón
  2. Chinangwa cheiyo data: Kudzora SPAM, manejimendi manejimendi.
  3. Legitimation: Kubvuma kwako
  4. Kutaurirana kwedata
  5. Dhata yekuchengetedza: Dhatabhesi inobatwa neOccentus Networks (EU)
  6. Kodzero: Panguva ipi neipi iwe unogona kudzora, kupora uye kudzima ruzivo rwako