Arturo Barea Ogazón ndeweboka revamiriri venhoroondo yekutapwa kweSpain, pamwe chete naRamón J. Sender naMax Aub. Kuve Barea zvakare mumwe wevatsigiri vayo vakuru. Mutauro mukuru webasa rake waiva chiSpanish nechiRungu. Kunyange zvazvo chiSpanish chakanga chiri rurimi rwaamai, zvakawanda zvezvinyorwa zvake zvakatanga kubudiswa muChirungu nokuti akaenda kuutapwa kuEngland.
Murondedzeri ane mukurumbira ainyanya kunyora manovhero, nyaya uye akanyura mundima yenganonyorwa. Nekudaro, akaita mipiro mikuru munyika yevatapi venhau uye yekutaurirana achitsigira zvikonzero zvezvematongerwo enyika zvekusiya pfungwa. Basa rake rinonyanya kuzivikanwa rinobva muna 1946 Kuumba Mupanduki (Kuumbwa kwemupanduki), zita rinotaura zvakawanda pamusoro paro, sezvo iri nyaya yehupenyu hwehupenyu. Chokwadi, kubudiswa kwayo muchiSpanish muna 1951 kwakaitikawo kunze kwemiganhu yeSpain, muArgentina.
Arturo Barea: biography
Arturo Barea akaberekerwa muBadajoz muna 1897. Amai vake vaishanda somuchenesi uye vakanga vakafirwa vachiri vaduku zvikuru. Mudiki Bara akatanga kushanda mangwanani-ngwanani uye akadzidza mabasa akasiyana-siyana. Amai vake, vakoma vake uye akatamira kuMadrid achitsvaga mikana mitsva.
Ukuwo Barea aitsvaga hupenyu akaitawo rombo rakanaka rekutambirwa nehama dzine mari zhinji dzakakwanisa kumudzidzisa. Saka Akapedza hudiki hwake kuEscuelas Pías De San Fernando., chikoro chaaifanira kusiya pazera remakore 13 apo mamiriro ezvinhu emhuri akatangazve kuoma.
Pazera re23 akaenda kuMorocco akanyoresa muchiuto kwaaigara kuburikidza nenjodzi yeGore izvo zvaizomushandira makore gare gare kunyora Nzira. Achangoroora uye akava nevana vakawanda nomudzimai wake, kunyange zvazvo muchato wacho waizoparara.
Nekusvika kweChipiri Republic, Barea akatanga kupinda misangano yemubatanidzwa yeUGT uye muhondo yevagari vemo yeSpain akaratidza kutsigira kwake divi reRepublican kuburikidza neruboshwe rwechimurenga propaganda nekuti aishanda kuTelfonica panguva iyoyo uye kubva kuMadrid aizosangana nekukonana.
Muna 1938 akabva kuMadrid. Mugore rino akaroorazve, panguva ino nemumwe wekuAustria, Ilse Kulcsar aizomubatsira kushandura basa rake muchiRungu. England ndiyo nyika yakamugamuchira abva kuSpain uye ikoko akatanga basa rekukurukurirana raizosanganisira mabhuku neredhiyo. Akafa nechirwere chemoyo muna 1957 awana nyika yeBritish.
Zvimwe zvekuda kuziva nezvemunyori
- Sezvo tapureta yaishandiswa neBarea yaive yechirungu Ndaifanira kumaka nemaoko matauriro ese.
- Kuda kwake kubika uye mazai ake anonaka akakangwa zvaizivikanwa.. Kutaura zvazviri, mubiki ane mukurumbira anochengeta tapureta yomunyori.
- Barea nemukadzi wake Ilse vaiputa fodya zvakanyanya. Vakashanda vese mukamuri rimwechete: iye achinyora uye iye achiturikira. Vaiita hutsi hwakanyanya mumaawa avo ekushanda zvekuti madziro aive matema.
- Kunyangwe akasiya chikoro pazera re13, akave munyori akatanhamara watinoziva uye akadzidzisa makirasi emabhuku paPennsylvania State College muUnited States.
- MuUnited States akapomerwa kuva mukomonisiti munguva yeHondo Yemashoko. Zvisinei, haana kumbotaura kuti akanga ari mukomonisiti. Nezvepfungwa akatsanangurwa semusiyanisi uye akasununguka akangwara.
- kuna Arturo Barea Kuparadzana nevana vake kwaigara kuchimuremera, uyo waaisaona.
- Zvisinei nekufa nechirwere chemoyo, mu autopsy yake zvakaonekwa kuti aiva negomarara redundiro.
Arturo Barea: mabasa makuru
Kuumbwa kwemupanduki
Ndiyo trilogy uye iri ndiro basa rake rinozivikanwa zvikuru. Inyaya refu inotariswa zvakanyanya mumabhuku epashure pehondo.. Is rakakamurwa the forge (1941), Nzira (1943) uye Murazvo (1946). Iri ibhuku renhoroondo yehupenyu umo Barea anorondedzera zvaakasangana nazvo hondo isati yatanga uye yapera.
Chikamu chekutanga chinosanganisira kuumbwa kwehunhu hwaBarea, hupenyu hwake muMadrid asati atapwa; hupenyu huzere nekuomerwa, kudzidzira mabasa nekutengeserana. Chikamu chechipiri ndezvaakasangana nazvo muRif panguva yeSpanish kudzivirira muhondo muMorocco, pamwe nemhirizhonga yakatambura muGore. Chikamu chechitatu uye chekupedzisira chinotarisana nehondo yevagari veSpain, umo munyori aive muguta guru, kubva kwaaigara kuburikidza nekupokana, pakupedzisira kuenda kuEngland muna 1938.
Iri basa raisazoburitswa muSpain kusvika 1978yatova mudemokrasi. Muna 1990 Spanish Television yakapa miniseries yakavakirwa pane iyi trilogy.
Lorca, mudetembi nevanhu vake
Chinyorwa chemudetembi wekuGranada akaurayiwa munguva yehondo yevagari uye zita rake rekutanga rakabudiswa muna 1944 (Lorca, Mudetembi uye Vanhu vake) Muna 1956 yaizobuda muchiSpanish. Federico García Lorca akonzera kufarira basa rake, asiwo nekufa kwake kwekutanga kwakasiya tsika yeSpanish nherera. Iye munhu akajairika muzvinyorwa zvevamwe, kunyanya muutapwa vanyori vanotsvaga kuparadzira izwi rekufunga uye kurerutsa kubva paruvengo kuburikidza nevatambi vakuru, vakaita saLorca kana Unamuno. Basa raBarea raive rimwe remabhuku ekutanga paLorca, uye rakave nesimba rakasimba pavanyori vakaita saIan Gibson, mumwe wenyanzvi huru dzemudetembi weAndalusian.
unamuno
Zvakare basa rekunyora rakaburitswa muna 1952. Iyo biography yeSpanish anofunga Miguel de Unamuno., munhu akakosha mutsika dzechiSpanish, zvinyorwa uye zvehondo uye mushure mehondo mumakore aya umo kurwisana kwakaguma nekudzvinyirira kwaFranco kwakagadzirwa. Zvisinei, zvakatora makore akawanda kuti tishandurirwe kuSpain.
mudzi wakaputsika
Zita rekutanga: The Broken Root (1952). Iri ibasa remwoyo wose rinoratidzira pamusoro pokutapwa, migumisiro yehondo uye kuzvidemba kwokusiya nyika yako amene nenzira inoshamisa.. Iyo inyaya yezviroto yezvaizove zvakaita kuti Barea adzokere kuMadrid mushure mekutapwa kwenguva pfupi. Nyaya yacho ndeyomumwe Antolín, munhu wengano, anodzokera kunzvimbo imwe cheteyo yeMadrid uko Barea akakurira, Lavapiés. Unyengeri hwakaputsika uye nhamo zvinomhanya nemumigwagwa iyo isina chinhu. Ideology ichave iripo uye munyori anogona kuratidza pachena phalanx uye communism.