Iyo Catcher muRye.
Mubati mune rye inoverengeka nemunyori weAmerica JD Salinger. Zita rayo rekutanga muChirungu, Iyo Catcher muRye, Inogona zvakare kuturikirwa se "Muchengeti mumunda wegorosi." Kunyangwe vamwe vaparidzi veSpanish-America vakashandura zita rebhuku se "Muvhimi akavanzika." Izvi pakati pemabhuku akanakisa ezvinyorwa zveAmerica.
Kuburitswa kwayo muna 1951 kwakamutsa makakatanwa muUnited States nekuda kwemutauro wayo wakanangana nezvebonde uye nekufunganya kwevechidiki. Zvakadaro, iro bhuku rakagamuchirwa zvakanaka nevazhinji vatsoropodzi, pamwe neruzhinji rwevanhu. Kwete zvisina maturo, kusvika zvino anopfuura makumi matanhatu emamiriyoni emakopi ebasa iri akatengeswa.
Nezve munyori, JD Salinger
Jerome David Salinger akaberekerwa muNew York muna Ndira 1, 1919. Aive wekupedzisira pavana vaviri kubva kumuchato pakati paSol naMiriam Salinger. Sekuru vababa vake vaive rabhi vaive neyakajairika chizi uye bhizinesi rekupinza ham. Amai vake vakaberekerwa muScotland vakavanza nhaka yavo yeKaturike zvakanaka panguva iyo kuroora kwaisatariswa zvakanaka.
Yakanga iri kutozosvikira mudiki bhar mitzvah bar ndipo paakadzidza nezve chitendero chaamai vake. Kune rimwe divi, Salinger - akatumidzwa zita remadunhurirwa rekuti Sonny nehama dzake - akapinda chikoro cheMcBurley, padhuze nepamba pake kuUpper West Side yeNY. Kunyangwe aive nehungwaru, aive asiri mudzidzi akanaka. Naizvozvo, vabereki vake vakasarudza kumunyoresa kuVall Forge Military Academy muWayne, Pennsylvania, vaine chinangwa chekumuranga.
Dzidzo yepamusoro
Mushure mekupedza kudzidza kubva kuVall Forge, Salinger akanyoresa kuNew York University. Gore rakatevera, baba vake vakasarudza kumutumira kuEurope kwemwedzi mipfumbamwe. Chinangwa cherwendo urwu rwekuyambuka kwaive kudzidza mimwe mitauro uye nezve hukama hwebhizinesi. Asi Jerome akakoshesa kudzidza mutauro kupfuura bhizinesi.
Kudzoka kuAmerica, Salinger akaedzwa kuUrsinus College muPennsylvania asati atora makirasi emanheru kuColumbia University. Ikoko, Professor Whit Burnett aizochinja hupenyu hwake nekuda kwechinzvimbo chake semupepeti kumagazini nyaya. Burnett akanzwisisa kugona kwaSalinger uye akarerutsa zvinyorwa zvake zvekutanga, kwete mu nyaya, zvakare mune inozivikanwa midhiya senge Collie's y Mugovera Evening Post.
Basa remauto
Salinger akashanda muUS Army kubva muna 1942-1944. Munguva yebasa rake pfupi remauto aive chikamu chezviitiko zviviri zvehondo: Kurwiswa kweNormandy neHondo yeBurge. Nekudaro, haana kumbomira kunyora, kunyanya kutenderedza hunhu hukuru hwenyaya nyowani: mukomana anonzi Holden Caulfield.
JD Salinger.
Hondo yakamukonzera kushushikana kwekushungurudzika. Panguva yekugara kwake muchipatara akasangana nemukadzi wechiGerman, Sylvia, waakaroora naye kwemwedzi misere chete. Salinger akaroora kechipiri muna 1955 kuna Claire Douglas, mwanasikana wemukurumbira weBritish art muongorori Robert Langdon Douglas. Semhedzisiro yemuchato wake wechipiri (uyo wakatora makore anodarika gumi), vana vake Margaret naMateu vakazvarwa.
Kubudiswa kwe Mubati mune rye
Kubva 1946 Salinger anga achiedza kutsikisa inova yaakanyora panguva yebasa rake remauto, pakupedzisira, muna 1951 Iyo Catcher muRye yakaburitswa. Iri bhuku rakagashira wongororo dzakanaka kwazvo, kunyangwe mamwe manzwi akadana protagonist (Holden Caulfield) "munyengeri anokurudzira" unzenza. Nekudaro, nekufamba kwenguva iro basa rakave chikamu chakakosha cheamamerican mabhuku ezvinyorwa.
Mubati mune rye yave iri nyaya yezvidzidzo zvisingaverengeki kutenderera pasirese pane chirevo chakaburitswa naSalinger mune iri basa. Pakati pavo, Jana Šojdelová anobva kuYihočeská University (Czech Republic) mune yake dzidziso. Symbolism muThe Catcher muRye naJD Salinger (2014). Kunyanya, Šojdelová anojekesa fungidziro yaHolden "yekuponesa mwana wake wemukati kubva mugomba rakadzika uye misungo yekukura."
Mararamire ari ega
Makore maviri mushure mekuburitswa kwebasa, munyori akatamira kune 90-acre estate muCornish, New Hampshire. Chinangwa chake chaive chekutungamira mararamiro kubva paruzhinji kusekwa. Kunyangwe izvi, hupenyu hwaSalinger hwakange hwakamomoterwa mumakakatanwa nekuda kwehunhu hwake uye hunhu hwekudzora. Neichi chikonzero, mukadzi wake wechipiri, Claire Douglas, akamhan'arira kurambana muna 1966.
Makore matanhatu gare gare, Salinger akatanga kudanana naJoyce Maynard. Ndiani aizoratidza nekuzvidza kwavo kunetsana kwemwedzi gumi yekugara pamwe chete muCornish, mu The New York Times Magazini (1998). Margaret (mwanasikana wake) akazvitaura nenzira yakafanana muna 2000. Gare gare, JD Salinger akaroora mukadzi airwara anonzi Colleen O'Neil, uyo akamuperekedza kusvika parufu rwake, zvakaitika muna Ndira 27, 2010.
Plot uye vanonyanya kutaurwa ve Mubati mune rye
Iyo rongero inotenderedza mana akakosha madingindira: kupatsanura, kuzviparadzanisa, kuzviparadzanisa uye kuyananisa. Sekureva kwevadzidzi vechiChinese, Jing Jing naJing Xia, Salinger anofumura mamiriro ezvinhu aive akareruka sezvo anga asingataurwe nezvazvo panguva iyoyo. Izvo ndezve kupokana pakati pekushomeka kwemweya munharaunda yeAmerica uye kuda kwekumisikidza tsika.
Naizvozvo, hunhu hukuru mufananidzo wemunyori iye uye nezve chokwadi chevachiri kuyaruka vekuAmerican muma50s. Mufungo we protagonist unomumanikidza kuti arambe achitiza kubva kune imwe nharaunda isina kunaka kuenda kune imwe sezvo kunyepa kwenzvimbo idzodzo kuchiwedzera. Pakutanga, anozviparadzanisa nenharaunda yaPencey Preep nekuda kwekuramba kwake zvisingadiwe - mumaonero ake - Stradlater naLackey.
Holden Caulfield's Voyage
Panguva yekutizira kuNew York, anofunga nezvenzira dzekubatanidza munzvimbo dzevanhu vakuru, asi anobva anzwa kupatsanurwa nesarudzo yake. Nekudaro, akavhiringidzika Holden anovenga chifananidzo chakavakwa chake, pamwe nharaunda yaari chikamu chayo. Pakati pekusurukirwa, Caulfield anotenda kuti haakwanise kurarama uye afunga kuzviparadzanisa nenyika yake yakanaka. Eya, iyo yekunze nharaunda haife yakaenderana zvaunotarisira
Saka Holden anoita sekunge hupenyu mutambo une mitemo, vanokunda nevanokundwa. Naizvozvo, chakanyanya kukosha kukoshesa hupenyu sekuchinja kungogara kuchidarika uko munhu wese anopfuura napo. Chete kana maitiro ake ekuzviparadza achikanganisa mudiwa wake Phoebe ndipo paanobvuma kukura kwake. Pakupedzisira, Holden anonzwisisa kuti mabasa e "vanhu vakuru" haabatanidze kukanganisa kuchena kana kusava nemhosva kwemwana wemukati.
Phoebe Caulfield
Phoebe Caulfield asati apinda munzvimbo iyi, protagonist ane mazano akajeka nezve pasirese uye zvepamusoro zvevakuru. Sezviri pachena mamiriro acho akagadzirwa mune dichotomy pakati penyika inotapira yehucheche (uko Holden anoda kugara) uye hunyengeri hune hutsinye hwehukuru. Asi Phoebe anoomesa nharo dzaHolden, kunyangwe iye achinzwira tsitsi nepfungwa yake yekusada kukura.
Iyo hanzvadzi - makore matanhatu mudiki - inoona kukura sechikamu cheyakaitika maitiro. Anoshanda sechapupu chakavimbika kuvaverengi nekuti anonyatsoziva hama yake. Rutivi rwake rwenyaya runoratidza kushomeka kwemunyori. Pamwoyo, Holden anongova akasuruvara zvakanyanya uye asina kuchengeteka jaya, ari kuda rudo nerutsigiro. Ndima iri musimamende iri kumagumo ebhuku inosimbisa fungidziro: anoita kunge anomuda kupfuura zvaari kumuda.
VaAntolini
Iye ndiye mukuru ane hunhu hwepedyo kuna Holden's pfungwa nekuda kwehunhu hwake husingaenderane. Mr. Antolini haataure naHolden nemvumo yemudzidzisi, sezvinoita Spencer. Pane kudaro, anobvuma kufona kwake pakati pehusiku uye haatsiure mukomana nekudhakwa kana kuputa, achimuona seakasiyana nevamwe vadzidzi. Naizvozvo, kumwe kunzwira tsitsi kunomuka
Mr. Antolini anotora Holden kuenda kuimba yake yakasviba, uko kwaanosuma mukadzi wake wekare uye kuratidza matambudziko ake ekunwa. Ikoko - muchiito chakatanga kuturikirwa zvisirizvo senge bonde - VaAntolini vanobata huma yaHolden mukomana akarara. Asi gare gare (muchitsauko 19) Holden haana kugadzikana nezvevamwe vanogona kuve ngochani… anonetseka nezve pfungwa yekuve ngochani.
Motifs uye zviratidzo Mubati mune rye
Kufungira zvisizvo uye kugara uchifunga zvepabonde
Kutanga nekutiza kwake kubva kwaPencey, Holden ane pfungwa dzepabonde kakawanda. Mune imwe yemavara, Holden anonyara apo Sunny anobvisa rokwe rake ndokugara pamakumbo ake. Kunyangwe kana hanzvadzi yake inonamatwa ichimumbundira zvine hunyanzvi, iye anodaro kuti pamwe iye dzimwe nguva anodawo zvakanyanya. Kubata kwepfungwa kwaHolden kunosvika panguva yakakosha apo anochema nekumhanyisa kutonga Antolini.
Kukanganisa uku kwakanyanyoenderana naye, nekudaro anotanga kusahadzika tsika yake yekukurumidza kutonga vamwe. Holden anonzwisisa kuti kunyangwe Mr. Antolini ari ngochani, hazvina kunaka "kumudzinga", sezvo purofesa anga ane mutsa uye nerupo. Mukupedzisa, Holden ari kuona kuomarara kwaVaAntolini ... vamwe vanhu vane manzwiro zvakare.
Rwiyo Comin 'Thro iyo Rye
Musoro webhuku unobva mukushandurwa zvisirizvo kwaHolden nerwiyo Comin 'Thro iyo Rye. Anonzwa (zvisizvo) "kana muviri ukabata muviri uchienda kurye", apo muchokwadi inoti "kana muviri ukawana muviri uchienda kurye". Mune mamwe mazwi, Holden akakanganisa kuona rwiyo sechirevo chinoreva "kuteya hudiki pamucheto" wekuchinja.
Muchokwadi, rwiyo iratidziro yekuti zvakanaka here kana kuti kwete vanhu vaviri kusangana murudo mumunda, zvakavanzwa kuvanhu. Saizvozvowo, mazwi e Comin 'Thro iyo Rye haina kubvunza kana vadikani vachivimbisana. Naizvozvo, rwiyo urwu runotaura nezvekusangana pabonde zvisina kujairika, kwete nezve "kubata" hudiki usati wakura sekubata kunoita Holden.
Bhata dzvuku raHolden
Inoratidzira kuzvimiririra, pamwe nechishuwo chemunhu mukuru kuve akasiyana nevaya vakamupoteredza. Saizvozvowo, ngowani tsvuku inomiririra epicenter yekukakavara kwemukati kwaHolden: kuda kuzviparadzanisa pamberi pechishuvo chekuda kambani. Caulfield haambotauri zvakajeka zvinoreva ngowani yake, anongotaura nezvechitarisiko chayo chisina kujairika.
Iyo Natural History Museum uye Central Park Madhadha
Iyo miziyamu inoratidza Holden zvinhu sezvaanoda kugara: chando munguva, chisina kuchinjika. Kune rimwe divi, kuda kwe protagonist kuziva kuti madhadha anoenda kupi munguva yechando kunoratidzira divi rake rehudiki. Icho hachisi chokwadi chidiki, kutama kweshiri kunoratidza shanduko sezviitiko zvakakosha munzira yehupenyu.
JD Salinger akatorwa.
Nhaka
Zvinoenderana neiyo portal Biography.com, Iyo Catcher muRye yakaratidza kosi nyowani mumabhuku eAmerica mushure meHondo Yenyika II. Iyo Catcher muRye yakaita JD Salinger mumwe wevanyori vane mukurumbira wezana ramakore rechiXNUMX mururimi rweChirungu. Vanyori vane mukurumbira vakaita saPhillip Roth, John Updike naHarold Brodkey, pakati pevamwe, vataura nezvaSalinger seimwe yeanonyanya kunyora mabhuku.