Mabhuku ave aripo kwenguva yakareba kwazvo. Muchokwadi, zvinozivikanwa kuti bhuku rekutanga rakadhindwa munhoroondo rakaburitswa muna Chivabvu 11, 868. Yaive muChina umo Wang Jie akabvumidza kudhinda nekuparadzirwa kwebhuku "The Diamond Sutra." Iri ndiro chairo rekutanga, uye kwete zvaraifungidzirwa kuve, Gutenberg Bhaibheri. Asi, pamusoro pemakore, pakave paine mamwe emabhuku akanakisa ati ambovapo.
Kana iwe uchida tsamba, kana kana iwe uchida kuziva nezvayo ziva kuti ndeapi mabhuku akanakisa munhoroondo, saka bhuku iri riri kuzokufadza nekuti tiri kuzotaura newe nezvemabasa akati wandei akarondedzerwa seakanakisa anga aripo. Pachave nechero iwe wawakaverenga here?
Nhetembo yaGilgamesh
Iri nderimwe remabhuku akanakisa munhoroondo maringe neWorld Library, iyo yakasimbisa runyorwa rwe zana akanakisa maererano nezvakataurwa nevanyori zana kubva kunyika makumi mashanu nenomwe. Nei bhuku iri rakasarudzwa? Zvakanaka, kutanga, zvinobva muzana ramakore regumi nemanomwe BC, kubva kuSumeria neumambo hweAkkad uye zvakanyorwa mumutauro iwoyo.
Mariri tinoudzwa zviitiko zveMambo Gilgamesh, mambo anodzvinyirira aishungurudza vanhu vake. Vamwari, kuti vamupe chidzidzo, tumira Enkidu, murume anofanirwa kutarisana naGilgamesh; asi vanozopedzisira vave shamwari uye pamwe chete vanotanga kutsvaga kukunda vamwe vavengi.
Imwe inobhururuka pamusoro peiyo cuco's nidus
Iri zita risingazivikanwe nderimwe remabhuku akanakisa ati amboitika. Muchokwadi, Netflix akatendeukira kwaari kuti aite akateedzana Ratched, sezvo protagonist pano ari mukoti anodzvinyirira uyo anotarisira chipatara chepfungwa cheOregon nenzira isina kujairika.
Yakanga yakanyorwa muna 1962 naKen Kensey uye yakakonzera kusagadzikana panguva iyoyo nekuti yainzi inonyadzisira, kana kuzvirumbidza nezvehunhu hwematsotsi
100 makore okusurukirwa
Rakanyorwa naGabriel García Márquez, bhuku iri rinoonekwa seimwe yeakanakisa munhoroondo nekuda kwechirongwa chinotaurwa, asiwo nekuda kwenzira iyo munyori akakwanisa kurondedzera zvese. Mariri, iwe unozogona kuziva hupenyu hwemhuri yeBuendía-Iguarán, fungidziro, obsessions, kutya, njodzi, nezvimwe. dzinovatenderedza uye dzinoita kuti makore afambe uye nekushandura rombo ravo rakanaka.
Ishe wemhete
Hapana mubvunzo kuti JRR Tolkien akagadzira basa renhema rakakosha zvekuti rinofanirwa kuve riripo pane chero runyorwa rwemabhuku akanakisa munhoroondo. Uye ndizvo izvo zvakaitwa nemunyori mubhuku iri yaive odyssey. Akagadzira zvese zvese, aine tambo dzinoverengeka dzerondedzero, nyaya yakaoma uye yakakura zvekuti zvinoita sekunge ari kutaura basa nezvishamiso zveimwe nyika. Uye mamwe mavara anga asiri semhare kana semunhu akaipa sezvavaitaridzika pakutanga. Uye zvakare, hapana kana mumwe protagonist, asi akati wandei, uye nenyika yakatangwa nevanyori vashoma vakakwanisa kutevedzera.
Mabhuku Akanakisa Kwazvo Akamboitika: Bhuku raJobho
Hazvizivikanwe kuti ndiani akanyora bhuku iri, kunyangwe rakanyorwa kubva muzana rechimakumi matanhatu nenomwe BC. Mariri iwe unowana nyaya yemurume akanaka kwazvo uye anotya Mwari. Kana Mwari achitaura naSatani pamusoro pemurume uyu, dhiabhori anosarudza "kuyedza" kuitira kuti Mwari aone kuti haana kunaka sekunyepedzera kwake kumuita kuti atende. Saka anoisa iye kumiedzo nemiedzo kuitira kuti Jobho atadze. Zvisinei, hazvisi nyore sezvazvinonzwika.
Uye ndezvekuti iro bhuku rine huzivi hukuru pakati petsamba dzaro, chinyorwa icho, kunyangwe chichigona kuve chakaoma kunzwisisa, kunyanya izvozvi, chinopindura zvakawanda zvisingazivikanwe kana kukuita kuti ufunge nezvezvinhu zvawanga usina kumbofunga nezvazvo kare.
Mabhuku Akanakisa Kwazvo Akamboitika: Makore eArabia
Yakanyorwa pakati pegore 700 na1500, nemumwe munhu asingazive kuti aive ani, Zviuru neUmwe usiku anotaurira nyaya yaMambokadzi Scheherazade, mwanasikana wevizier uyo anokwanisa kudzikamisa nekumisa kuurawa kwaSultan Shahriar kuburikidza nekutaura kwenyaya.
Uye chokwadi ndechekuti mwanasikana wamambo, kuti afadze sultan, anotanga kumuudza nyaya dzakasiyana kuti akanganwe zvese.
Mhosva uye Kurangwa
Rakanyorwa naFyodor Dostoevsky muna 1866, iri basa nderimwe rakaomarara kwazvo uye inyanzvi yemunyori. Chii chaunowana mairi? Zvakanaka, isu tiri kutaura nezvaRaskolnikov, mudzidzi wechidiki ane zvitendero zvinogona kupokana neavo vauinazvo. Nekudaro, zvishoma nezvishoma iye ari kudzidza kuti pamwe izvo zvaanga achigara achifunga zvinogona kunge zvisiri izvo zvakanaka kuita.
Mabhuku Akanakisa Kwazvo Akamboitika: Iyo Tales dzaHans Christian Andersen
Iyo Little Mermaid, Iyo Yakashata Dhadha, Iyo Tin Soldier ndedzimwe dzenyaya dzaAndersen dzinozivikanwa pasi rese. Uye chokwadi ndechekuti iro nderimwe remabhuku akanakisa munhoroondo, rakanakira vadiki vari mumba.
Ehe, dzimwe nguva hazvingave zvakashata pfungwa kuziva iyo chaiyo nyaya uye kuti vakaisiyanisa sei kuti ive ngano (nekuti, kana iwe usingazive, pane musiyano mukuru pakati penyaya neiyo "chaiyo "nyaya).
Iyo yeVamwari Kunyemwerera
Yakanyorwa naDante Alighieri pakati pa1265 na1321, iri nhetembo inoonekwa seimwe yeakanakisa nguva dzese. Kuve nhetembo, uye zvakare chembere, izere nezviratidzo, madimikira uye zvirevo zvingangodaro zvisinganzwisisike pakutanga. Asi iri rimwe remabasa akakosha nekuti, sekureva kwenyanzvi pachavo, inochengetera ruzivo rwese rwakawanikwa mukati memazana emakore (hongu, kusvikira zvanyorwa).
1984
Iri ndiro zuva raive zita rakasarudzwa naGeorge Orwell kubhuku rake, rimwe remhando yepamusoro munhoroondo. Mariri, anotiisa muLondon, muna 1984, umo guta racho rinoratidzika kunge richigara mumamiriro ekudzipwa.
Ikoko, iwe unosangana naWinston Smith, pawn uyo anofanirwa kunyora zvakare nhoroondo kuti ienderane nezvinodiwa nePati iyo yepamutemo vhezheni kuti ive. Asi anotanga kufunga zvakare kana zvaari kuita zviri izvo chaizvo zvekuita, uye kana iyo system yaanotonga iri iyo chaiyo inofanira kutonga.
Mabhuku Akanakisa Kwazvo Akamboitika: Kuzvikudza uye Kusarura
Jane Austen ndemumwe wevanyori vechikadzi vane "kukudzwa" kwekuve chikamu chemabhuku akanakisa munhoroondo. Akanyora akawanda, asi Kuzvikudza uye Kufungira zvisizvo, nyaya yaElizabeth Bennet naFitzwilliam Darcy, zvirokwazvo inyanzvi. Muchokwadi, nekuchinjika kwakawanda, iyo nyaya pasina mubvunzo inozivikanwa.
Ndakaaverenga ese asi pakunzwisisa kwangu, Les Miserables haigone kusiiwa kunze, zvakafanana naDon Quixote de la Mancha.
Mangwanani akanaka kune vese vatinoshanda navo muRaibhurari, iwo akakurudzirwa pachiitiko ichi mabhuku akanaka kwazvo, asi pasina chinangwa chekuva mvura yemabiko, kana kuunza yakacheneruka, zvinosuwisa kuti ivo vakaita mutengo wakadhura uye vakawedzera kune iri «dambudziko »(Kana iri iyo inogona kuverengerwa seyakadaro), muArgentina Republic tine dambudziko rekuvhara zvitengeswa kunze kuti tidzivise" LEAKAGE "yemadhora uye nekudaro mabhuku haangodhura chete nekuda kweiyo huwandu hwekuchinjana, asi muhuwandu Penguva iyo pane mazita asingakwanise kuwanikwa, chero zvakadaro chinhu chinodzokororazve viasta nepfungwa, tichiona nekurangarira iro basa rekunyora ratiri, izvo zvinoratidza kuti: «KUSINA KUNYORA, PANE BHUKU, ASI KANA PASINA MUVERENGI, BHUKU RINOSHAYA Pfungwa ", ndinokutendai zvikuru nekundipa mukana uno wekunyora uye ndinokutendai nekundifungisisa uye pachinyorwa chenyu kuti murambe muchiwana ruzivo rwamunotumira nguva dzose.
Hapana imwe chaiyo
Ndinokutumira hug
MWARI VAKUKOMBORERE
Kwaziso atte.
Leopoldo Alberto Trcka Sasia
Kwete zvachose maererano nemusoro wenyaya. Chero zvazvingaitika, zvinogona kuve: "gumi nerimwe mabhuku anozivikanwa andinogona kufunga kuisa pano."
Ini ndinofunga zita rechinyorwa chino rinofanirwa kunge raive "Mabhuku Akanakisa Andakaverenga." Sezvineiwo, kana munyori kana kwainobva ruzivo hakuna kuratidzwa. Chinhu chaijairwa kuti vanhu vabaye uye kuchaja vashambadziri.
Mabhuku gumi nerimwe haasviki mashanu% emabasa akanakisa ezvinyorwa zvepasirese; Uye hachisi chinhu chakapamhamha, hunhu hwemunyori, muverengi uye nenyaya ndizvo zvakakosha
Zvinotaridzika kwandiri sehuswa hwekupedzisira kuti chinyorwa chinobata nemabhuku uye zvinyorwa zvakanyora zvakanyanya. Kwete chete kuongororwa kwebhuku rega rega hakuna chakapfupika, asi kune zvakawanda zvisirizvo mukunyora.
Zvinotaridzika kwandiri sehuswa hwekupedzisira kuti chinyorwa chinobata nemabhuku uye zvinyorwa zvakanyora zvakanyanya. Kwete chete zvinokanganisa kunyora zvikanganiso, asi iyo
zvinosuruvarisa uye zvepamusoro ongororo yebhuku rega rega rakatumirwa. Zvakare, kusarudzwa kwemabhuku kunoenderana uye kunoitika.
Chinyorwa ichi hachina musoro kana muswe. Vanoisa ishe weRings uye vosiya Don Quixote naHamlet. Hazvina musoro. Pasina kutaura Gilgamesh ndokusiya Bhaibheri kana Korani
Musoro unofanirwa kuve: »akanakisa mabhuku gumi nerimwe andakaverenga», nekuti nesarudzo yako, zvinoita sekunge wakaverenga zvishoma, kana avo vakambozviita. Iwo mabhuku akanaka, pasina kupokana, asi kune mamwe ari nani zvikuru, ayo akapa kugarisa kwavo pakati pevakaverenga zvakanyanya nguva dzese kwemazana emakore, vane zvinopfuura kuratidza kwavo mhando. Dai waita zvakanaka nechikwata chenyika, asi ini ndinofunga zita racho nderekunyanyisa uye kuzvitutumadza.
Odyssey, Iyo Iliad naDon Quixote havasi pane izvo zvinyorwa. Izvi zvinobvisa kutendeseka kwese kubva kune yakashata runyorwa. Uye kune akawanda mabhuku echitatu-mwero. Zvinotaridza kuti James Joyce aive akarurama: murume wevanhu vazhinji, Leopold Bloom, akakunda Odysseus, Ulysses.
"Rwiyo rweZvimbo" (yakataurwa naMambo Soromoni) uye "Mwoyo" (Edmundo de Amicis). Iri rekupedzisira raive bhuku rekutanga randakaverenga pandaive nemakore masere ekuberekwa.
Rondedzero yakanaka kwazvo yemabasa ekunyora, ndakaverenga mazhinji acho uye akanaka, 1984, Kupara mhosva uye Kurangwa ndeimwe yandinofarira.
-Gustavo Woltmann.
Rondedzero yemabhuku akanakisa iyo isina Ingenious Gentleman uye iyo Little Prince haisisiri runyorwa rweakanakisa emabhuku echokwadi.
Ruregerero kushayikwa Kuverenga kweMonte Cristo
Ini ndaida kurangarira dzimwe dzenyaya dzeaya mabasa ayo, kwechikamu chikuru, ndakave nemukana wekuverenga. Panguva imwecheteyo ndaive neshungu yekuverenga 1984 yandisina kuverenga uye kuverenga zvekare vamwe. Ndatenda nenguva yakanaka kudai. Makorokoto! 🖐️❤️
Zvisinei nezvakanyorwa nezvakanyorwa nemunyori, zvinoita seni kunyatso kufunga nezvazvo, uye kuda kuve zvinovaka, ndihwo hurombo hwekutaura. Ehezve, rondedzero yacho ndeyenhando uye inokakavadzana, uye ini ndinosuwa chirevo kune sosi kwazvakaburitswa kuti aya gumi nemaviri ndiwo akanakisa epasi rose akakura seaya emabhuku.
Mitauro seinoshaya se "... bhuku rekutanga rakadhindwa munhoroondo rakaburitswa muna Chivabvu 11, 868", "Iri zita risinganzwisisike iri rimwe remabhuku akanakisa munhoroondo" kana "... izvo zvinoita kuti makore apfuura nekugadzirisa rombo rake rakanaka »taura zvishoma zvishoma uchifarira iye munhu akanyora ichi chinoodza moyo chinyorwa uye iyo peji inozvibata.