Mabhuku akanakisa akaiswa mugungwa

Hukama pakati pezvinyorwa negungwa unoenda kure nzira. Uye pane chimwe chinhu pamusoro pemahombekombe, kukura kwegungwa uye nyika dzaro dzakavanzika idzo kwemazana emakore dzawira murudo uye dzakadenha vanyori vakuru kuti vanyatsoongorora zvakavanzika zvaro. Izvi akanakisa mabhuku akaiswa mugungwa Vanoronga nzendo dzakasiyana kuburikidza nemasaisai vachitora mukana wemwedzi yezhizha iri pedyo. Uri kuuya kuzotora dip?

Robinson Crusoe, naDaniel Defoe

Inofungidzirwa se yekutanga english english, Robinson Crusoe yakaburitswa muna 1719 ichichinja zvachose nyika yezvinyorwa uye pfungwa ye "castaway" seyakajairika zviwanikwa mumabhuku eruzivo kwemakore anotevera. X-ray yenguva, mufambisi wengarava akakurumbira akasvika pachitsuwa chiri pamhenderekedzo yeSouth America uye kurairirwa kwake kune Chinyakare Chishanu chekushandisa kweWest chiratidzo chinopenya uye chakavanzika chenguva dzekoloni yezana ramakore gumi nemasere.

Moby Dick naHerman Melville

Kana paine inoverengeka inomutsa sevamwe vashoma kurwa kusingaperi pakati pemunhu nezvakasikwa, ndiMoby Dick, iyo inozivikanwa nyaya yechikepe icho vashandi vayo vanotarisana nehombe chena sperm whale. Iyo novel, izere nekufananidzira uye zvirevo, ine vamwe vanopokana kubva kumatunhu akasiyana epasi anomiririra hunhu pachahwo, nepo kuvapo kwe Moby Dick inodzokera kwete chete kune Ndangariro semufambisi wengarava kubva kuMelville asi kuvapo kwezviitiko zviviri zvine mukurumbira zvakaitika muzana ramakore re1820th: kurwiswa kwechikepe cheEssex chehove nechena sperm whale muPacific Ocean muna 1851 uye kuvepo kweakakurumbira albino sperm whale iyo yakatambudza chitsuwa cheChile cheMocha uye iyo munhu wese yaakadaidza kuti Mocha Dick. Iyo novel, kunyangwe yakabudirira zvishoma mushure mekuburitswa kwayo muna XNUMX, yakaguma yava chinongedzo mumabhuku eAmerica.

Makumi makumi maviri ezviuru zvemaLigi pasi peGungwa, naJules Verne

Yakaburitswa kekutanga mumagazini yeFrance Magasin d'Éducation et de Récréation pakati pa1869 na1870, Makumi maviri ezviuru zvemitambo yekufamba pasi pemvuraYakanga iri shanduko yakazara mushure mekuburitswa kwayo nekutora muverengi munyika dzepasi pemvura zvakatombovapo kusvika panguva iyoyo mumabhuku. Iyo epic nyaya iyo yekutangira inorondedzera kunyudzwa kweiyo biologist Pierre Aronnax mu iyo Nautilus, ngarava yepasi pegungwa yakatorwa naCaptain Nemo asinganzwisisike, hunhu hunomiririra dzidziso yeJules Verne akapomerwa kutsamwa uye kutsiva kuvanhu muzana ramakore rechiXNUMX.

Treasure Island, rakanyorwa naRobert Louis Stevenson

Muzana ramakore rechiXNUMX, munhu anga atofamba chikamu chemakungwa epasi. Nekudaro, iyo yekufungidzira yekuwana izvo zvisati zvichizivikanwa zvitsuwa uko hupfumi hwakapihwa nenhema nengano zvakamirira. Chirevo chakashanda sehwaro hweimwe ye anonyanya kukurudzira ruzivo rwekufungidzira enguva dzese. Yakanyorwa naScottish Stevenson, Pfuma chitsuwa tevera zvinoitika zve Jim hawkins, mudiki wevashandi vengarava La Hispaniola uyo anoteera zvinongedzo pamepu izvo zvaizoratidza nzvimbo yepfuma yaCaptain Flint. Yese yakasarudzika.

Murume Akwegura uye Gungwa, naErnest Hemingway

Hukama huri pakati peHemingway neCuba hwakaguma mune izvo zvinofungidzirwa nevakawanda kuti ndiro rakanakisa basa nemunyori weFiesta. Yakabudiswa muna 1952, Chembere negungwa inotaurira nyaya yemumwe mubati wehove akura anoenda kugungwa kundobata hove hombe dzese nharaunda yati yamboziva. Yakanyorwa naHemingway mune yake yaanofarira Playa del Pilar, muCayo Guillermo, El viejo y el mar haisi chete ode kune iro bhuruu hombe iro munyori aidanana naro, asiwo kuzvikudza netariro sekenduru iri pakati pezvakasikwa. zvisingatarisirwi. Inofungidzirwa seimwe ye mabhuku emureza wezana ramakore rechiXNUMX, iro basa rakadzosera Hemingway kurubudiriro rwake rwekare, zvinowirirana nevaviri Pulitzer neNobel mibayiro yakagamuchirwa muna 1953.

Nyaya yekurasa, naGabriel García Márquez

Gabo aigara ari munyori mukuru, asiwo mutori wenhau ane tarenda. Uchapupu hweizvi hwaive kuburitswa muna 1055 yenyaya iyi kwemazuva gumi nemana akateedzana mupepanhau reColombia El Espectador kuve rakaburitswa sebhuku muna 1970. Nyaya inotaura mazuva gumi ari mugungwa akapedzwa nemufambi wengarava Luis Alejandro Velasco, iye oga akapona paARC Caldas, mutakuri akasiya guta reMobile muAlabama akatakura zvinhu zvekubiridzira. Nyaya yechokwadi, inokodzera chiitiko chisina kuburitswa chaRobinson Crusoe kana Ishe weNhunzi, chakaita Velasco gamba renyika, akapona uyo Gabo akaendesa kodzero dzose kubasa rake mushure mekuburitswa.

Ungada here kuverenga Nyaya yekurasa?

Shaya, naPeter Benchley

Mwedzi yakati isati yaburitswa muna 1974, vagadziri Richard D. Zanuck naDavid Brown vakaverenga zvinyorwa zveinovel na Shark uye havana kuzeza kwechipiri kuti vatenge kodzero dzenyaya yekugadzirisa kwayo firimu. Kuuya kwehombe chena shark iyo inokanganisa nharaunda diki yechitsuwa kwakaperekedzwa nechikamu chebudiriro yayo nekuda kwa Bhaisikopo raSteven Spielberg yakaburitswa muna 1975, iyo yaizoshandura indasitiri yeHollywood nekusingaperi nekuve iyo yepamusoro-soro firimu kusvika gore rayo rekuburitswa. Sengano sezvazvinonakidza.

Hupenyu hwePi, naJann Martel

Mushure mekundikana kuvezwa kwakaiswa muPortugal, Canada Yann Martel akafunga kuenda kuIndia kunotsvaga nyaya. Uye yaizove iriko, mune yekudyira, uko kwaizozotaurwa nyaya yemurume. Pane kudaro yemukomana anonzi Pi uyo akamanikidzwa kurarama pamwe chete neingwe inonzi Richar mupaki mushure mekunyura kwechikepe umo mhuri yake yaida kuendesa zoo kuAmerica. Yakazara nekufananidzira uye fungidziro, hupenyu hwaPi inoverengeka nezvekutenda, nezve kugona kutenda uye kuona tariro yakapihwa mubairo wezvitsuwa zvegungwa uye hove dzinobhururuka. Imwe yenhau dzinoverengeka dzinoverengeka dzezana ramakore rechiXNUMX idzo, zvakare, dzakafemera yakatsoropodza uye inozivikanwa mbiri muna 2012.

Chii chinonzi akanakisa mabhuku akaiswa mugungwa?