Mabhuku Akanakisa eEuropean

Kunyangwe hazvo zvinyorwa zvaive zviripo mutsika dzese dzepasi kubva nakare, iyo yekondinendi yakare yakave imwe yenheyo dzekufunga kwekuMadokero uye nhoroondo. Izvi akanakisa european mabhuku Kwete chete ivo vanotsanangura imwe nguva munhoroondo, ivo vanoramba vasina chinyakare zvekare kunyangwe mune XNUMXst century uye pamwe nekusingaperi kwekusingaperi.

Odyssey, naHomer

Basa rakasimbisa mabhuku eEuropean neWestern pachawo Yakadzokera shure kwenguva yakareba, kunyanya kubva muzana ramakore rechinomwe BC umo, sekureva kwenyanzvi, nhetembo iyi yakapera. Rakaumbwa ngano dzakasiyana dzechiGiriki microcosm dzakanyatsoenderana nenyaya, Odyssey inorondedzera epic kudzoka kwaOdysseus kuIthaca mushure mekukundwa kwaTroy, kugarisa zvakasikwa zvakapfuura munhoroondo, zvichikurudzira chizvarwa chese chevanyori nevafungi.

Don Quixote de la Mancha, naMiguel de Cervantes

Inofungidzirwa iro rakakura basa, kwete chete edu enziyo, asi enhoroondo Don Quixote yakafemera nyika kuti ifungisise mune yayo yekufungidzira kusvikira maziso ayo avhurwa. Rakaburitswa muna 1605 uye rakagamuchirwa senhetembo yenyaya yechivalric nekuda kwetoni yaro, mahedheni eiyo hidalgo anobva kuLa Mancha akatanga kutsvaga mudiwa wake Dulcinea uye akakanganisa zvigayo zveLa Mancha kune hofori dzinofungidzirwa. nzira yekutanga kune yechokwadi izvo zvinotsanangudza nekusingaperi mabasa eEuropean anosvika mumakore anotevera nemazana emakore.

Kuzvikudza uye Kusarura, naJane Austen

Basa revakadzi muzvinyorwa haana kugara achifadzwa nerusununguko rwanhasi. Saizvozvo, vanyori vakaita saEmily Brontë kana Jane Austen vakashandisa mazita echirumeInguva yekutsikisa mabasa ako munyika inotongwa nevarume. Neraki apo Kuzvikudza uye kufungira zvisizvo Yakabudiswa muna 1813, chimwe chinhu chakaparara munyika yetsamba; chimwe chinhu chakaunza pamwe nekunyengera, hunyengeri uye hukadzi. Nyaya yepasirese yaElizabeth Bennet semukadzi akazvimiririra anoda kusakotamiswa nekufambidzana kwemurume akakwana rave nekufamba kwenguva kwete chete iro basa rinodiwa kuti riverenge pane imwe nguva, asi semuenzaniso kuti bhuku rinogona sei kuchinja nyika.

Chinyorwa cheMaguta maviri, naCharles Dickens

Kunyangwe imwe yeiyo vanyori vakakura munhoroondo Akakumikidza chikamu chehupenyu hwake kunyora nyaya dzehumwe kushoropodzwa mune nyeredzi vana vakaita saOliver Twist kana A Christmas Carol, riine basa riri kutaurwa pano Charles Dickens akasvetukira kune imwe ligi, achipa nyika imwe yenhau dzinonyanya kukosha panguva yake. Nhoroondo yemaguta maviri inotaura nyaya mbiri dzakamisikidzwa murunyararo England uye pre-yechimurenga France inofunga a kuenzanisa kwenyika mbiri dzakasiyana: imwe yakadzikama uye yakatsiga, uye imwe yakanyanya kusagadzikana uye yekutsiva. Yakanaka kuti inzwisise iyo yemagariro episode iyo yaive iyo French Revolution mune XNUMXth century. Pamwe naDon Quixote, Dickens 'magnum opus ndiye bhuku rinotengesa zvakanyanya munhoroondo.

Madame Bovary, naGustave Flaubert

French Flaubert aigara ari munyori akangwara. Muchokwadi, aigona kupedza mwedzi nemwedzi achigadzirisa ndima imwe chete yebasa rake kuti ive yakakwana. Neichi chikonzero, hatishamiswe nazvo Madame Bovary yapfuura seimwe yemabasa makuru enguva yayo uye semufananidzo une hunhu hunogara husina nguva. Iko kusapindirana kwepasirese kwemunhu Iri pano rakatorwa kuburikidza nemaziso aEmma, ​​mukadzi wechiremba uyo, kunyangwe ane hupenyu hwakakwana, anoshuvira chimwe chinhu zvakare, achitsvaga kuzadza nzvimbo isina mapato ezvematongerwo enyika kana kugadzikana inogona kuzadza. Yakagamuchirwa se iyo critique yeiyo French gentry muzana XNUMXth century France, Madame Bovary nderimwe remabasa makuru echokwadi uye echisikigo, yakanangiswa kugadziriso sekuzarura sezvo iine simba.

Ulysses, naJames Joyce

Munhoroondo yese kwave kune mabasa akafuridzira zvese rudo neruvengo, iyo yakadyiwa neyakareruka zvakafanana neyekuti muverengi wemashure anoedza kuzvinyudza mune iro basa rakaomarara sezvakakosha. Ulysses Icho chimwe chazvo, kunyangwe hazvo vatsoropodzi vasina kuzvigamuchira mushure mekuburitswa kwayo muna 1922, pamwe nekuda kwechimiro chayo chakapatsanuka uye nekushandisa kwayo monologue yemukati iyo vasina kudzidza zvakanyanya vasina kujaira. Nekudaro, nguva yakaguma kukwidza zvinyorwa zveOlympus izvi yazvino vhezheni yeHomer's Odyssey kuti Joyce akatamira kuDublin kwema20s ayo Leopold Bloom akafamba mukati mezuva rimwe rehupenyu hwake. Imwe yemabhuku akanakisa eEuropean munhoroondo, pasina kupokana.

Ana Frank dhayari

Kunyangwe akawanda akanyorwa mabhuku akaiswa muHondo Yenyika IIVashoma vaibva pamoyo pechimwe chezviitiko zvekudeura ropa kwazvo munhoroondo. Ana Frank dhayari, yakanyorwa nemusikana wechiJuda ane makore gumi nematatu akavharirwa munzvimbo yekuvanda muAmsterdam nemhuri inotiza mauto eNazi eGerman anoratidza kwete chete zvinotyisa zveEurope mukutanga kwema13, asiwo zvakasarudzika zvemusikana mukukura kuzere, akazara yezviroto uye tariro yekuti kuenda kumhedzisiro yaro kunofungidzira hutsinye hwakaziviswa hunowanzo kumonyanisa ura hwemumwe muverengi.

1984, naGeorge Orwell

Mufanieri we a dystopian jenda izvo zvaizotambudza nyika kubva pakati pezana ramakumi maviri emakore maererano neshanduko dzakasiyana dzemagariro dzakaitika semhedzisiro yehondo dzepasi rose, 1984 inoramba iri bhuku razvino kwazvo. Seta mugore iro rombo rakasiyana zvakasiyana nezviri mukati mezviri mukati mebasa, 1984 zvinotiisa mune ramangwana reLondon rinotongwa neMafungiro ePurisa anotonga zviito zvese zvemusungwa wepasi rose weiyo "Big Brother." Chinhu chinonakidza nezvazvo ndechekuti basa raOrwell rinoramba rakafunga zvakanyanya munyika inotongwa nehunyanzvi uye nemasimba makuru.

Ndeapi akanakisa mabhuku eEuropean munhoroondo iwe?