Zita rerosi
Zita rerosi (1980) ndiro basa rakatungamira iyo Umberto Eco yeItaly kuravira huni dzekubudirira kwekunyora. Uye hazvisi zvishoma, nhasi, basa iri ratengesa anopfuura mamirioni makumi mashanu emakopi. Iyo inhoroondo yenhoroondo ine yakadzika tinge yezvakavanzika zvine zano rinotenderera nekuferefetwa kwemakateedzana ematare enigmatic akaitika mukati mezana ramakore regumi nemana mune imwe imba yemamongi yeItaly.
Nguva pfupi mushure mekusunungurwa kuruzhinji, iwo rugwaro rwakagamuchira mibairo miviri yakakosha: mubairo Muroyi (1981) uye iyo Medici Alien (1982). Mushure memakore mashanu - uye kufambiswa nemhedzisiro inokonzerwa nebasa - Eco yakaburitswa: Apostille kune iro zita rero rose (1985). Nebasa iri, munyori akatsvaga kupindura zvimwe zvezvisingazivikanwe zvakasimudzwa munhoroondo yake, asi asingaratidze enigmas irimo.
Zvinyorwa zve Zita rerosi
Munguva yechando ye1327, maFranciscan Guillermo de Baskerville anofamba ne mudzidzi wake Melk's adso yekubata kanzuru. Kwayakaenda: imba yemamongi yeBenedictine kuchamhembe kweItari. Pakusvika, ivo vanoronga musangano nemamonki uye nhume dzaPapa John XXII. Chinangwa: kurukurai nyaya dzehuori (dzidziso dzakatsauka) inosvibisa mhiko yevaapostora yehurombo uye izvo - zvinofungidzirwa - vanofambiswa nechikwata chevaFranciscans.
Musangano unozobudirira, asi iyo mhepo izere nerufu nekukasira uye kusinganzwisisike kufa kwemufananidzo Adelmo da Otranto. Iye murume akawanikwa akafa pauriri hweabbey raibhurari - iyo yakasarudzika maze yemabhuku esherufu akazadzwa nemabhuku - mushure mekudonha kubva kumusoro kweAedificium Octagon. Mushure mekunge chokwadi chamuka, Abbone -Abad wetembere- anokumbira Guillermo kuti aongorore nezvayo, kubvira fungidzira kuti imhondi.
Mibvunzo yacho yakapedza mazuva manomwe. Munguva iyoyo, mamwe mamonki anoita kunge akafa, vese vari mumamiriro akafanana: neminwe yavo nendimi zvakasvibiswa neingi nhema. Zviri pachena kuti kufa uku kune hukama nebhuku rakanyorwa naAristotle ane mashizha akaiswa muchetura nemaune. Munguva yekuferefeta kwake, Guillermo haangowane enigmas dzakawanda chete, asi achauyawo akatarisana nehuviri hwakaipa, hwakanyatsoteedzerwa pasi pechidzitiro chekweguru nehungwaru mumufananidzo wemufundisi bofu Jorge de Burgos.
Analysis of Zita rerosi
Maitiro
Zita rerosi inhoroondo yakavanzika yezvakaitika inoitika mugore ra1327. Iyo rangano inoitika mune yemamonk yeBenedictine iri kuchamhembe kweItari. Iyo nyaya inoitika pamusoro pechitsauko chinomweuye chimwe nechimwe cheizvi izuva mukati mekuferefetwa kwaGuillermo uye novice Adso. Iyo yekupedzisira, nenzira, ndiye anorondedzera kusimudzira kwenhema mumunhu wekutanga.
Vanonyanya kutaurwa
William weBaskerville
Kubva kuChirungu, iye muFranciscan friar uyo akamboshanda semupristi wedare reInquisition. Iye akangwara, anocherekedza uye akangwara murume, ane hunyanzvi hwakawanda hwokuongorora Achave ari mutariri wekugadzirisa kusanzwisisika uye kamwe kamwe kufa kwemamonki muabbey.
Zita rayo rinobva kuna Guillermo de Ockham, munhu wenhoroondo uyo Eco akafunga kuisa se protagonist kubva pakutanga. Kunyange zvakadaro, Vatsoropodzi vazhinji vanoti chikamu chehunhu hwekuferefeta hwaBaskerville hunobva kune anoyevedza Sherlock Holmes.
Adk yaMelk
Yezvakanaka mavambo - mwanakomana weBaron de Melk -, ndiye murondedzeri wenyaya. Nekuraira kwemhuri yake, William de Baskerville anoiswa pamurairo, semunyori uye mudzidzi. Nekudaro, iye zvakare anoshanda pamwe panguva yekuferefeta. Munguva yekuvandudzwa kwechirongwa, anotaurira chikamu chezviitiko zvake semubatsiri weBenedictine uye nezvaakararama nazvo mukufamba kwake naGuillermo de Baskerville.
George weBurgos
Iye mutongi wekare wechiSpanish mavambo ane huvepo hwakakosha mukusimudzira kwechirongwa.. Kubva pane kwake physiognomy, Eco inosimbisa kuchena kweganda rake uye kupofomara kwake. Nezve rake basa, hunhu unomutsa kusiyanisa manzwiro mune vakasara vevagari vemamonk: kuyemura uye kutya.
Kunyangwe harahwa iyi yarasa kuona uye haisisiri kutarisira raibhurari, nzvimbo dzayo dzinozivikanwa inch ne inchi, uye izwi rake rinokosheswa uye rinotorwa serechiporofita nemamwe mamonki. Nekusika kweuyu anopikisa, munyori akafuridzirwa nemunyori ane mukurumbira Jorge Luis Borges.
Vanyori venhoroondo
Kana zvasvika pa nhoroondo yekunyepedzera, akati wandei mavara anogona kuwanikwa mune zano, kunyanya vaive venzvimbo yekunamata. Pakati pavo pane: Bertrando del Poggetto, Ubertino da Casale, Bernardo Gui naAdelmo da Otranto.
Novel adaptations
Makore matanhatu mushure mekubudirira kwenoveli, Izvi zvakaunzwa kuchiratidziri chikuru nemutungamiriri Jean-Jacques Annaud. Iyo firimu yezita rimwe chete yakarongedzwa nevatambi vane mukurumbira Sean Connery - saFriar William - naChristian Slater - saAdso.
Kufanana nebhuku, kugadzirwa kwemufirimu kwakagamuchirwa kwazvo neruzhinji; pamusoro pezvo, yakawana mibairo gumi nemana mumakwikwi epasi rose. Nekudaro, mushure mekuratidzwa kwayo kwekutanga, vatsoropodzi uye vezvenhau veItaly vakataura zvine mutsindo vachipesana nefirimu, sezvo vaifunga kuti rakanga risiri pabhuku rakakurumbira.
Mu2019, dzakateedzana zvikamu zvisere zvakaburitswa izvo zvakanakidzwa nekubudirira yakafanana nenoverengeka uye bhaisikopo. Icho chaive chigadzirwa cheItaly-chiGerman chakagadzirwa naGiacomo Battiato; Yakagovaniswa munyika dzinopfuura zana nemakumi matatu uye yakawana mukurumbira wakawanda muItari.
Chokwadi chinoda kuziva
Munyori akavakira nyaya yacho pa Le chinyorwa cheDom Adson de Melk, bhuku raakatambira muna 1968. Ichi chinyorwa chakawanikwa mumonastery yeMelk (Austria) uye mugadziri wayo akasaina sa: "Abbe Vallet". Izvi zvinosanganisira humbowo hwenhoroondo hwenguva. Uyezve, chero munhu ainyora akasimbisa kuti yaive kopi chaiyo yegwaro rakawanikwa mukati mezana ramakore regumi nemana muMelk Abbey.
Nezve munyori, Umberto Eco
Musi weChipiri, Ndira 5, 1932, guta reItari reAlessandria rakaona kuzvarwa kwe Umberto Echo Bisio. Iye ndiye mwanakomana waGiulio Eco - accountant - uye Giovanna Bisio. Mushure mekutanga Hondo Yenyika II, baba vake vakadaidzwa kunoshanda muchiuto. Neichi chikonzero, amai vakatama nemwana kudhorobha rePiedmont.
Zvidzidzo uye zvekutanga zviitiko zvebasa
Muna 1954, akawana doctorate muPhilosophy uye Tsamba kubva kuYunivhesiti yeTurin. Mushure mekupedza kudzidza, Ini ndinoshanda mu RAI semupepeti wetsika uye akatanga basa rake sepurofesa weyunivhesiti mudzimba dzekufunda muTurin, Florence neMilan. Panguva iyoyo, akasangana nevanokosha maartist kubva kuGruppo 63, vanhu vanozochinja basa rake semunyori.
Sezvo zva1966, akaraira sachigaro wekutaurirana kutaurirana muguta reFlorence. Makore matatu gare gare, aive mumwe wevatangi veInternational Association of Semiology. Kwemakore anopfuura makumi matatu, akadzidzisa semiotic kirasi paYunivhesiti yeBoli. Munzvimbo iyoyo, akatanga iyo Yakakwira Chikoro cheHumanistic Zvidzidzo zvepamusoro-chikamu fakitori.
Zvinyorwa zvemitambo
Mu 1966, munyori yakaitiswa nenyaya dzinoverengeka dzakaenzanisirwa vana: Bhomba uye General y Ivo vatatu cosmonauts. Makore gumi nemana gare gare akaburitsa iyo novel yakamuendesa iye stardom: Zita rerosi (1980). Pamusoro pezvo, munyori akanyora mabasa matanhatu, pakati pawo anotevera kumira: Foucault's pendulum (1988) uye Baudolino Queen Loana (2000).
Echo akatangawo kudzidzira, genre umo maakaratidzira angangoita makumi mashanu anoshanda anopfuura makore makumi matanhatu. Pakati pezvinyorwa, zvinotevera zvinomira pachena: Vhura basa (1962), Apocalyptic uye yakasanganiswa (1964), Akakomborerwa naLiebana (1973), Kurapa pane zvakajairwa semiotic (1975), Chechipiri zuva rega rega (1992) uye Vaka muvengi (2013).
Rufu
Umberto Eco akarwira kwenguva yakareba kurwisa kenza yepancreatic. Zvakanyanya kubatwa nechirwere, akashaya neChipiri Kukadzi 19, 2016 muguta reMilan.
Munyori wenhau
- Zita rerosi(1980)
- Foucault's pendulum(1988)
- Chitsuwa chezuro wacho(1994)
- baudolino(2000)
- Murazvo usinganzwisisike waMambokadzi Loana(2004)
- Iwo kumakuva ePrague(2010)
- Nhamba zero(2015)