Les Miserables ndeimwe yemanyorero ekare anokwezva anopfuura rimwe chete. Nenyaya izere nerudo, hondo, kutengesa, kuregerera, kudzikunura, kubata ... uye zvimwe zvakawanda zvirongwa zvakasiyana, yakave hwaro hweterevhizheni nhevedzano (kunyangwe kune vadiki), mabhaisikopo, uye kunyangwe mimhanzi.
Asi, Chii iwe chaunoziva nezve Les Misérables? Icho chimiro chikuru chaivapo zvechokwadi here? Kana kuti zvakanyorwa panguva yaifurira munyori wayo? Uye ndiani munyori weiri basa rinonyanya kukosha muzana ramakore rechiXNUMX? Iwe uchazoziva zvese izvo uye zvimwe zvakawanda pazasi.
Victor Hugo, munyori weLes Misérables
Bhuku rega rega rine "baba" ndiani anozvigadzira kuburikidza nekufungidzira (kunyangwe vazhinji vachiti vatambi vacho vanozevezera nyaya dzavo). Uye mune izvozvi, baba veLes Miserables ndiye mudetembi uye munyori Victor Hugo.
Asi ndiani aive Victor Hugo?
Victor Marie Hugo aive munyori wechiFrench uyo akazvarwa muna 1802 muBesançon. Mudiki pahama nhatu, akapedza hucheche hwake pakati peParis neNaples nekuda kwebasa rababa vake (aive mukuru wehumambo hweFrance). Muna 1811, vabereki vake vanomutumira kuMadrid, kwaanozonogara, pamwe nehama yake, mwaka muchikoro chechitendero chebhodhingi (pekugara yaive pachikoro cheSan Antón).
Makore maviri gare gare, vanogarisana naamai vavo muParis, avo vaive vaparadzana nemurume wavo, sezviri pachena nekuda kwekusatendeka kwaari naGeneral Victor Lahorie (godfather waVictor Hugo uye muperekedzi). Zvisinei, izvi hazvina kugara kwenguva refu nekuti, muna 1815, vese Victor neimwe hama yake, Eugène, vakavharirwa penjeni yeCordier kwemakore matatu. Ndiyo panguva iyoyo apo chikamu chekusika chinotanga kubudirira maari, achinyora mamwe mavhesi. Ikoko, zvinyorwa zvake zvinogadziriswa nemudzidzisi wechidiki, uye zvinoverengwa neese mukoma naamai vake, vavanoramba vachikurukura navo.
Zvinyorwa zvekutanga zvaVictor Hugo zvinotarisa nhetembo, kunyangwe kutora chikamu mumakwikwi (kutaura zvazviri, yekutanga haina kuikunda nekuti vatongi vakafunga kuti zvaisaita kuti pazera rake aigona kuita zvakafanana nezvaakanyora). Akasimudzirwa nekubudirira uku, akatanga basa rake rekunyora, iro raive rakasiyana kwazvo, nekuti aisango tarisa nhetembo chete, asi airidzawo mamwe marudzi senge yemitambo, inoverengeka (yakanyorwa mukutapwa) ...
Pakupedzisira, akafira muParis muna 1885 mushure mehupenyu hwakazara nekuwanda nekudzika.
Synopsis uye pfupiso yemabhuku eLes Miserables
Les Miserables ibhuku rakapoteredzwa mune yerudo genre. Nekudaro, anoenderera mberi zvakanyanya, nekuti kuburikidza nebasa rake anoita diatribe pakati pezvakanaka nezvakaipa, panguva imwechete iyo yaanotaura nesu nezvematongerwo enyika, kururamisira, chitendero, nezvimwe. Nhoroondo yavanorarama mairi, Kupandukira kwaJune 1832, pamwe neshanduko dzakatevera dzezvematongerwo enyika, kwaive kwekuumba hunhu hwese, asi munyori anoongororawo zvisaririra zvenguva iyoyo.
Basa racho rinoumbwa nemavhoriyamu mashanu. Vanotaura nyaya yaJean Valjean nevamwe vatambi vane hukama naye.
Bhuku rega rega rine zita, saka, unosangana: Fantine, Cosette, Marius, Iyo Idyll yeRue Plumet uye epic yeRue Saint-Denis; naJean Valjean.
Chinhu chinoratidzira iri basa inyaya yekuti kufambira mberi kwenguva, nenzira yekuti isu tinoona shanduko yeakasiyana mavara uye kukura kwavanoita nekukura kwavo sezviitiko zvinoitika (ramba uchifunga kuti zvinoitika mukati memakore makumi maviri, panokura vana, protagonist anokura…).
Mutsara wenyaya ino (yePlaneta) inoverengwa seizvi: Ruzivo rwese. Sangano reFrance zana ramakore rechiXNUMX rakarondedzera kubva munharaunda, nhoroondo, zvepfungwa uye nhetembo.
Jean Valjean aimbova musungwa. Paanosvika mutaundi raD., Munzira yekumusha kwake ndokupa pasipoti yake --mo iyo yakanyorwa semunhu aimbova mutongi uye "munhu ane ngozi" - muhoro yedhorobha, hapana munhu anozvidza kumugamuchira uye mupe chikafu, kunze kwaDon Bienvenido, mupristi. Anotengesa murindiri wake, Valjean anoba sirivheri yake, asi anosungwa padhuze, achimuendesa pamberi pemupristi. Don Bienvenido anosarudza kusamuudza, asi anotora vimbiso kubva kwaari: kushandisa zvaakatora kuti ave murume akanaka.
Mune nhoroondo yezvinyorwa Les Miserables inotora nzvimbo ine rombo rakanaka. Zvichida nekuti Victor Hugo haana kungotarisira kurondedzera, sevaya vakamutangira, asi nekuzvidira akatsvaga modhi inogona kutorwa senge rondedzero izere, inonzwisiswa senge rakaringana zvinyorwa zvemhando yekugona kutaura zvese nezvese; mhando, mukupedzisa, yakagadzirirwa murume uye nyika yanhasi.
"Ramangwana rine mazita akawanda. Kune vasina simba hazvisvikike. Kune vanotya, zvisingazivikanwe. Uye kune akashinga ndiwo mukana. »
Vanonyanya kutaurwa
Mukati meLes Misérables, kune akawanda mavara anomira pachena uye ari chikamu chekushanduka kwevamwe. Nekudaro, isu tinogona kusimbisa mamwe seakanyanya iwo, uye izvi zvingave zvinotevera:
Jean valjean
Ndiye hunhu hukuru hwebasa rese. Akanga ari mujeri nekuti akaba rofu rechingwa Uye mushure memakore mashoma, paanoburitswa, munhu wese anomushora nekuda kwekuve ex-con. Ndokusaka achitakura yero pasipoti, "mutongo" wake kweupenyu hwese.
Chinangwa chake kushandura hupenyu hwake, uye chekutanga chaanoedza kuedza kuchinja hunhu hwake, nekuti nenzira iyoyo anogona kutanga hupenyu hutsva. Nekudaro, Inspector Javert anokurumidza kumuwana uye kumuburitsa, kutanga manhunt sezvo achitenda iye ane mhosva yezvakawanda.
Chaiye Jean Valjean
Chinhu chisingazivikanwe nevakawanda, uye nezvavanotaura muNational Geographic, chaive icho chimiro ichi, Jean Valjean, pamwe naInspector Javert, ndivo chaivo munhu mumwe muchokwadi. Muchokwadi, Victor Hugo akafuridzirwa nemunhu mumwe kune vese mavara. Tiri kutaura pamusoro paEugène François Vidocq.
Uyu murume aimbova mutongi aiziva nzira yekuzvinunura iye pachake nekuda kwekukanganisa kwake munguva yakapfuura, achiva muzvinabhizinesi anozivikanwa. Uye zvakare mumusoro weNational Security yeFrance, pamwe neyekutanga yakanyoreswa yakavanzika mutikitivha. Ndizvozvo, hunyanzvi hwake hwekuzvivanza hwakamushandira kuti apinde mune chero boka rematsotsi uye, kunyangwe hazvo chiso chake chaizivikanwa, izvo hazvina kumutadzisa kuramba achishanda semupindiri pakati pematsotsi.
Nechikonzero ichi, Vidocq aive "iyo muse" yakabvumira Victor Hugo kuti agadzire hunhu huviri, gamba uye kupokana kwake, asingazive kuti, muchokwadi, zvaive zvakafanana.
fantine
Fantina - musikana ane makore gumi nemashanu chete okuberekwa. Mukudanana nemurume anozomusiya, anova nemimba uye anofanirwa kusiya mwanasikana wake nemhuri kuti atsvage basa iye. Anosangana naJean Valjean nekuti anoshanda mufekitori, asi anodzingwa pavanodzidza kuti ndimai vemusikana.
Panguva iyoyo, anosara asina imwe sarudzo kunze kwekungoita chipfambi nekutengesa bvudzi rake kuti azviriritire.
cosette
Iye mwanasikana waFantina. Mhuri inomuchengeta inomubata zvakashata, ichimumanikidza kushanda zvisinei nezera rake. Zvisinei, Valljean anomuponesa. Iye anobhadhara iyo mhuri yemusikana uye anomutora kwavanozviisa sababa nemwanasikana.
Javert
Inspector Javert anoziva Jean Valjean nekuti aive murindi wetirongo paakange ari mutirongo. Paasangana zvakare, Javert anoziva kuti achinja hunhu hwake, uye anofungidzira kuti anozviita nekuti ari kutiza kururamisira.
Naizvozvo, chinangwa ndechekuibata.
Bhishopi
Iye munhu anofurira Valjean kuti azvidzikunure kubva pane zvakapfuura uye ave murume akanaka.
Marius
Anoda Cossette.
Mamiriro ezvinhu e Les Misérables
Ramba uchifunga kuti zuva rebasa uye nenguva yakanyorwa hazvienderane. Victor Hugo akanyora Les Miserables muna 1862, muhondo dzakazara dzaNapoleon dzakaitwa kuyedza kukunda France. Nekudaro, iro zuva iro bhuku rakagadzwa rakatangira kare. Kunyangwe zvakadaro, iye munyori akashandisa zvaakasangana nazvo, uye ndangariro dzehudiki hwake, kuti atangezve nyaya iyi, iyo yakabatawo pazvinhu zvakakosha zvakadai sekusiyana kwemakirasi, hurombo, kushaikwa kwemabasa, rudo uye shanduko.
Kukupa zano, vhoriyamu yekutanga inoisa isu mu1815, gore rakadzorerwa monarchical. Izvi zvinotevera kufambira mberi munguva, tichifunga zviitiko zvezviitiko, senge shanduko dza1830 na1848, dzakaitika muEurope yose.
Kune iro chikamu, mubhuku rekupedzisira isu tichazviwana tiri muna 1835, gore rakashayika Valjean.
Les Misérables Kugadziriswa
Uku ndiko kubudirira kweLes Miserables, kuti iyo nyaya yakashandurwa kuita akateedzana, mafirimu uye kunyange mitambo kana mimhanzi.
Vamwe vevamiriri uye vanozivikanwa ndevaya vanotevera:
- Musical basa Con rudo rwemufaro uye mufaro, naManuel de Falla, yakavakirwa paLos miseables.
- Les Miserables naCameron Mackintosh, yaive naNick Jonas muchinzvimbo chaMarius
- Silent firimu Les Misérables, 1907.
- 1958 firimu naJean-Paul Le Chanois.
- Mutsara wevana wezita rimwe chete.
- Cosette, zvakare akateedzana evana kubva 1977
- Musical Les Misérables, naTom Hooper naHugh Jackman, Russell Crowe, Anne Hathaway, Amanda Seyfried nevamwe vatambi.
- Andrew Davies 'terevhizheni miniseries muna 2018.